GE PurCommLearning Module Chap 5 8

LEARNING MODULE SURIGAO STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
LEARNING MODULE
IN
GE PurComm
MODULES 5, 6, 7 & 8
GE Purposive Comm August 2020 Edition 1

Alicia Z. Maghuyop , EdD
MODULE 5
Introduction:
This module focuses on the use of communication aids and strategies using
tools of technology to help the presenter in delivering his/her message to an
audience. With the rapid rise and spread of internet connectivity, the old forms of
communication has given way to new forms that make communication easier and
faster.
PREPARING PRESENTATIONS
(Multimedia and Pecha Kucha Presentations, Vlogging ang Blogging)
I-Learning Outcomes:
In this lesson, you should be able to:
1. design communication aids and strategies using the tools of technology;

2. convey ideas through oral, audio-visual, and/or web-based presentation
for different target audiences in local and global settings using appropriate
registers;
3. differentiate between the journal or diary entry and the blog;
4. present a Pecha Kucha presentation about one’s region tourist destination;
5. manifest awareness of audiences and context in presenting ideas.
6. appreciate the benefits and challenges of writing a blog; and
7. create a five-minute VLOG about a peculiar culture of your province;
8. Write a blog of at least 500 words on any topic.

II-Pre- Assessment:
Instruction:
Activity 1:
Tick the column that best describes your ability to communicate. Answer this as
objectively as possible. Bear in mind that there are no wrong answers,
USUALLY SOMETIMES SELDOM NEVER

3 2 1 0
1. I don’t use a lot of slides in my
presentation.
2. I use a text that is readable.
3. I use bullet poofs for short sentences.
4. I use simple but effective
presentation tool
5. I make clear labels for charts and
graphs.
6. I use art to help emphasize a
message, but not too much.
7. I use a standard font style and font
size that is readable
8. I use color to complement my visual
aids.
9. I minimize the use of animation and
sound effect in my presentation tools.
10. I always check the spelling and
grammar of my texts.
TOTAL
GRAND TOTAL
Interpretation:
Score Level of Proficiency

28-30 Advanced
25-27 Proficient
23-24 Approaching Proficient
21-22 Developing
20 and Beginning
below
Activity 2:
Instruction: Answer the following questions:

1. What is a blog?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
__________
2. How is a blog similar to a journal or diary entry?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
__________
3. How is a blog different from a journal or diary entry?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
III-Lesson Map
MICROSOFT POWERPOINT
-Pecha Kucha PowerPoint

Presentation
WEB-BASED OR
VLOGGING ONLINE
PRESENTATION
COMMUNICATION AIDS
& STRATEGIES USING
TOOLS OF TECHNOLOGY
BLOGGING MULTIMEDIA
PRESENTATION
This map shows the different

communication aids and strategies
using tools.

IV-Core Content
A.ENGAGE:
1. Have you tried making multimedia presentation? Are you satisfied with your
output?
2. Mention few bloggers you know. Why do you like them? Do you want to be a
blogger like them?
B. EXPLORE
Do you recognize the girl in this photo?

She is a 12-year Anne Frank, a German-born Jew.
What do you know about her?
In 1942. While hiding from the German Nazis in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Anne
Frank wrote the following enrty in her diary. Read the Diary entry below.
October 9th 1942. “Today I have nothing but dismal and depressing news to report. Our
many Jewish friends and acquaintances are being taken away in droves. The Gestapo is
treating them very roughly
Today I have nothing but dismal and depressing news to report. Our many Jewish friends
and acquaintances are being taken away in droves. The Gestapo is treating them very
roughly and transporting them in cattle cars to Westerbork, the big camp in Drenthe to which
they're sending all the Jews. Miep told us about someone who'd managed to escape from
there. It must be terrible in Westerbork. The people get almost nothing to eat, much less to
drink, as water is available only one hour a day, and there's only one toilet and sink for
several thousand people. Men and women sleep in the same room, and women and children
often have their heads shaved. Escape is almost impossible; many people look Jewish, and
they're branded by their shorn heads.
If it's that bad in Holland, what must it be like in those faraway and uncivilized places where
the Germans are sending them? We assume that most of them are being murdered. The
English radio says they're being gassed. Perhaps that's the quickest way to die.
I feel terrible. Miep's accounts of these horrors are so heartrending, and Miep is also very
distraught. The other day, for instance, the Gestapo deposited an elderly, crippled Jewish
woman on Miep's doorstep while they set off to find a car. The old woman was terrified of the
glaring searchlights and the guns firing at the English planes overhead. Yet Miep didn't dare
let her in. Nobody would. The Germans are generous enough when it comes to punishment.
Bep is also very subdued. Her boyfriend is being sent to Germany. Every time the planes fly
over, she's afraid they're going to drop their entire bomb load on Bertus's head. Jokes like
"Oh, don't worry, they can't all fall on him" or "One bomb is all it takes" are hardly appropriate
in this situation. Bertus is not the only one being forced to work in Germany. Trainloads of
young men depart daily. Some of them try to sneak off the train when it stops at a small

station, but only a few manage to escape unnoticed and find a place to hide.
But that's not the end of my lamentations. Have you ever heard the term "hostages"? That's
the latest punishment for saboteurs. It's the most horrible thing you can imagine. Leading
citizens -- innocent people -- are taken prisoner to await their execution. If the Gestapo can't
find the saboteur, they simply grab five hostages and line them up against the wall. You read
the announcements of their death in the paper, where they're referred to as "fatal accidents.'
Fine specimens of humanity, those Germans, and to think I'm actually one of them! No,
that's not true, Hitler took away our nationality long ago. And besides, there are no greater
enemies on earth than the Germans and the Jews.
Instruction: Answer the following questions about Anne Frank’s diary entry
above.
1. Make a list of all the adjectives and adverbs that you find in the diary entry. What
do these words reveal about the emotional state of the writer?
2. Comment on the way the diary entry was organized. How is this diary entry the
same or different from another piece of writing such as an explanation essay?
3. Comment on the tone of the dairy entry. How is it different from the tone used in
an explanation essay?
C.EXPLAIN:
Technology has taken over the world in these past decades. Its rapid
development has made a huge impact on each aspect of life — and, yes,
communication. But how huge is its impact...in communication? According to
Duarte(2014), “Presentations are considered one of the most powerful mediums of
communication.” Most of the public communications are done to give a lecture,
present a new product, persuade people to act, build goodwill, or inform the public.
Small group presentations may be in the form of pitching an idea or a concept,
presenting a research proposal for funding purposes, or entertaining a group. When
doing presentations, you need to have the skills needed to make your presentations
effective.
Presentation skills do not only include your stance on stage and your public
speaking ability but also the structure of your presentation and the technology that
you are going to use. Sometimes good speaker fails during the presentation because
he becomes the victim of poor technology, poor visual aids, or poor understanding of
the audience. If you plan to become an effective presenter, you should be able
connect your ability to speak, the audience’s needs, and the communication aids you
will use. Moreover, understanding your audience is a must when you communicate;
be it in dyads, small group, or public communication. So, the only thing left now is
mastering the use of communication aids during presentations.
What is a Communication Aid?
A communication aid helps an individual to communicate more effectively with
people around them. Communication aids are also referred to as AAC devices. AAC
refers to Augmentative and Alternative Communication, which is defined as… a huge
range of techniques which support or replace spoken communication. These include
gesture, signing, symbols, word boards, communication boards and books, as well
as Voice Output Communication Aids (VOCAs).
There are two main types of AAC system: Unaided Communication and Aided
Communication.
 Unaided communication does not use additional equipment. Body

language, gesture, vocalization, signing are typically used
 Aided communication uses equipment, but this ranges from low-tech to
high-tech methods, with pictures and symbols often used instead of, or
together with words and with alternative hardware options available to provide
access. Whilst a low-tech method of communication like a simple, laminated
communication book to carry around with a few pages of pictures or symbols
would be a communication aid, the term ‘device’ would only describe a more
high-tech solution. An electronic communication aid can be a dedicated
device built for that job, which does nothing else, or it can be a standard
computer running specialist communication aid software as well – this
includes Apple tablets which are increasingly being used to help people
communicate
What Are Communication Strategies?

Communication is the exchange of information between a sender and a
receiver. It used to be that you only had to worry about the way you communicated
face-to-face or on paper. Technology has changed this completely. It is important for
people to take into account every aspect of how they are relaying information. This is
where communication strategies come into play. Communication strategies are the
blueprints for how this information will be exchanged.
Types of Communication Strategies

Communication strategies can be verbal, nonverbal, or visual. Integrating all
the strategies together will allow you to see the most success. This allows a
business to meet employee needs and increase workplace knowledge.
 Verbal communication strategies can be broken down into the two

categories of written and oral communication. Written strategies consist of
avenues such as e-mail, text, and chat. Examples that fall into the oral
category are phone calls, video chats, and face-to-face conversation.
 Nonverbal communication strategies consist of mostly visual cues, such as
body language, facial expressions, physical distance between
communicators, or the tone of your voice. These cues are typically not
intended. However, it is important to realize the message you are sending.
Otherwise, you may be saying one thing, yet the receiver is hearing another.
 Visual communication strategies can be seen through signs, web pages,
and illustrations. These strategies are used in the workplace to draw attention
and provide documentation. Human resources is required to post certain
visuals throughout the workplace to comply with safety laws.
Communication Tools
Microsoft PowerPoint and other web-based or online presentations are some

of the tools popular in today’s generation. These aids are valuable for speakers-
amateur or professionals – because they can help you enthral your audiences and

make them understand and appreciate more your conveyed messages. Indeed, they
can help you build your credibility and boost your confidence. However, if you do not
know how to use them effectively, they can ruin your presentations.
1. Multimedia is content that uses a combination of different content forms such
as text, audio, images, animations, video and interactive content. Multimedia
contrasts with media that use only rudimentary computer displays such as
text-only or traditional forms of printed or hand-produced material. In
preparing multimedia presentations for various communication purposes, it is
important to consider the following:
A. Characteristics of Multimedia Presentations
a. Multimedia presentations are visually oriented (displayed on a monitor or
projected onto a screen)
b. They allow users to use different modalities such as:
- Text
- Graphics
- Photographs
- Audio
- Animation
- Video
Special features of computer based presentations
1. Custom navigation(linking) between slides, to other media and to the
Internet
2. Can be made into hard copy printouts or transparencies
3. Can be uploaded to the Web
B. Steps in Making Effective Multimedia Presentations

1. Know your purpose of the presentation
2. Know the audience
3. Gather information
4. Use a variety of resources such as:
a. Textbooks
b. Digital resources
. Photographs
. Scanned images, students work
c. Internet
5. Do not forget to cite resources
a. Write the author’s name , title of the work and date of publication
b. Include the website or Web page address of the source.
c. In general, non-profit educational use of online materials for a lecture
qualifies as “fair use” but it is better to ask the author’s permission to
use such materials.
d. Always have full bibliographic references for all citations.
6. Organize the information
a. List the main points
b. Have only one main idea per slide
c. Present ideas in a logical order
d. Place important information near the top

7. Check technical issues.

a. Contrast
 Dark text on light background
 White text on dark background
b. Use only one design and color scheme throughout the slide presentation
c. Avoid clutter
d. Avoid patterned or textured backgrounds
e. Use large font size(minimum 18pts.)
f. Use fonts that are easy to read. Don’t use fancy fonts.
g. Don’t use more than two types of fonts.
h. Avoid too much text. Don’t use the presentation as your notes.
i. Use no more than 3 or 4 bullets per slide.
8. Be creative
a. Use transitions and animations to add interest but do not overdo it.
2. Microsoft PowerPoint (http://office.microsoft.com.en-au/powerpoint/) has

been known as the most popular software since its launch 25 years ago. Its
popularity can be attributed to its features which are very easy to use.
A. Pecha Kucha PowerPoint
Pecha Kucha is a presentation form of 20 images for 20 seconds. The slides change
automatically and the speaker must synchronise their speech with the images. It’s
sometimes also called a 20×20 presentation. So the entire presentation always lasts for
exactly 6 minutes and 40 seconds.
It started in Tokyo in 2003, designed by architects, Astrid Klein and Mark Dytham. It was
soon adopted by fans of alternative presentation styles. Similar to the short-length focus of
an elevator pitch, Pecha Kucha relies upon concision and brevity. By applying a limit on the
number of slides, the presenter is forced to streamline their content. It also forces the
speaker to prepare and practice, as there is no option to go back or skip ahead. Pecha
Kucha is also a very visual presentation style. It is based on single powerful images. Striking
visuals enhance any presentation. They captivate the audience in a more immediate way
than written words.
Pecha Kucha translates as “the sound of conversation” or “chit-chat” in Japanese. Its

creators wanted a space to share ideas and messages through presentations. But to avoid
the easy trap of rambling speakers, they set time and slide limits. In a similar way to a Haiku
poem, Pecha Kucha forces the creator to creatively arrange their message within a strict
form. And such creativity often produces amazing results.
How to create a Pecha Kucha Presentation

 Choose a topic
 Be organised
 Create a PowerPoint
 Practice your presentation
3. Web-based or Online Presentations. The following are some of the online

presentations as alternatives to PowerPoint. What is good about these online
presentations is that they offer free access. There are actually more online
presentations available given the popularity of digital media.

1. Empress (http://www.empress.com/)
2. Slideshare (http://www.slideshare.net/)
3. Prezi (http://prezi.com/)
4. Sliderocket (http://www.sliderocket.com/)
5. Zohoshow (http://www.zoho.com/docs/faq/online-presentation-
faq.html.)
6. Zentation (http://www.zentation.com/)
4. What is VLOGGING? Vlogging can be a great way to engage with your online
audience and find new followers, and if you aren’t a fan of writing it can be an
alternative way of getting your message out there.
But what is a vlog?

Vlog stands for a video blog or video log, and refers to a type of blog where most or
all of the content is in a video format. Vlog posts consist of creating a video of yourself where
you talk on a particular subject such as reporting or reviewing a product or an event. It can
even serve as a way to share your artistic process or provide a tutorial guide on a creative
practice or topic. Some vloggers even use it as a means to share new performance art or
music they have created.In fact, just like blogs you can vlog about almost anything.
The term vlog is also used by video streamers or Youtuber’s who don’t use a blog but
post scheduled updates via other means like YouTube and other video websites; their profile
often promotes them as vloggers. You can also do live broadcasts from social media
channels such as Facebook and Instagram. Once you create your video (and edit it to make
it look and sound great), you can upload it online or embed the video within a post on your
blog or website so your all followers can see your latest update.
How to create a vlog

You can post your vlog anywhere, but the first step is to know how to make a
video. To do this you will need:
 an interesting story or topic
 a recording device, like a webcam or dedicated video camera – you can even
use your smartphone!
 a microphone
 a good location that is well lit without too much background sound
It is recommended that whatever device you use it will produce high-quality

content. Bad sound or video quality will only turn people away. You might also wish
to edit your video before you upload it online. Here are some useful apps to help you
edit your film or add music, titles, credits or logos and much more:
 for iPhone or MAC you can use iMovie

 for Android you can use PowerDirector,
 for PC you can use free software like Windows Movie Maker

TYPES OF VLOG
1. Personal Vlogs
The personal vlog is an online video which records an individual to deliver
information that they intend to introduce to people. The audience is not as varied as
one's from corporation or organization.
2. Live broadcasting Vlogs
YouTube announced a live broadcasting feature called YouTube Live in 2008.
This feature was also established by other social platforms such
as Instagram and Facebook.
3. Informative Vlogs
Video Blog that is designed to educate the viewer about a particular subject. [25]
4. Bereavement Vlogs
Video Blog that is designed to express feelings of loss, grief, and mourning. [20]
5. Conversational Vlogs
Video Blog designed to be formal and create a civil discussion.[24]
6. Motovlog Video Blog created while riding a motorcycle
General Guidelines for Creating an Effective Presentation
a. Minimize the number of slides. To convey a clear message and to keep

your audience attentive and interested , keep the number of slides in your
presentation to a minimum (should not exceed 15 slides)
b. Choose a font style that your audience can read from a distance.
Choosing the right font style, such as Helvetica or Arial, helps you get your
message across. Avoid narrow fonts, such as Arial Narrow, and avoid
fonts that include fancy edges, such as Times.
c. Choose a font size that your audience can read from a distance.
Choosing the right font size helps you get your message across.
d. Keep your text simple but using bullet points or short sentences. Use
bullets or short sentences, and try to keep each to one line; that is, without
text wrapping. You want your audience to listen to you present your
information, rather than read the text on the screen.
e. Use art to help convey your message. Use graphics to tell your story.
Do not overwhelm your audience by adding too many graphics to a slide,
however.
f. Make labels for charts and graphs understandable. Use only enough
text to make label elements in a chart or graph comprehensible.
g. Make slide backgrounds subtle and keep them consistent. Choose an
appealing, consistent template or theme that is not too eye-catching. You
don’t want the background or design to detract from your message.

h. Use high contrast between background color and text color. Themes
automatically set the contrast between a light background with dark
colored text or dark background with light colored text.
i. Check the spelling and grammar. To earn and maintain the respect of
your audience, always check the spelling and grammar in your
presentations.
Writing a Blog
Today, with easy access to computers and the internet, people write their diaries
differently. From handwritten entries on a piece of paper or a notebook page, diaries in
contemporary times come in the form of online journals which are called blogs
The term “blog” was first used in the 1990s. It is the short version of “weblog”, or an
individualized piece of written work found on the web. It is defined by dictionary.com
Blog, like diary entries, are individual accounts of a writer’s experiences and
emotions. Thus, the viewpoint is usually personal and subjective. However, blogs are
different from the traditional journal or diary entry in the sense that blogs are uploaded to
online platforms that make it easier for bloggers (those who rite blogs) to include visual
features, as well as links to other sites on the net. Unlike diary entries, blogs are public in
nature. This means that bloggers, even if they write about personal issues, must present
these issues in a way that would interest the general public. Blogs, compared to diary
entries, are more concerned with communicating a message, rather than simply expressing
or documenting an idea or emotion.
How does one create a blog? Go to wikihow.com and look up “how to start a blog.”
The site provides step-by-step instructions on how to create a blog from coming up with a
concept, starting a blog at blogger.com, launching a blog on WordPress, to promoting your
blog. This lesson, however, focuses on writing a blog entry
D.EXTEND: Identifying the Features of a Blog
Activity 1: Instruction: Read one blog. Comment on the features of blog.
Use the following questions as your guide:

1. What message is the blog communicating?
2. How does it communicate this message?
3. What do you think of the visual features of the blog, specifically, the
images, layout, colors, graphics, etc.
4. Does the blogger provide adequate links to other websites

E. EVALUATE:
Writing a Blog
I. Prewriting
Before you write your blog, fill in the table below.
What is the topic of your blog? Is this topic

interesting to the general public? Explain your
answer.
What is the purpose of your blog?

How do you plan to organize the parts of your
blog?
What images or graphics do you plan to include
in your blog?
What links to other websites do you plan to
include in your blog?
How do you plan to lay out the blog?
What color scheme do you plan to use for the
blog?
II. Writing
Instruction: Write a blog on any topic of your choice. Decide first on your purpose for
creating the blog. You may choose from any of the following reasons for blogging:
- To entertain
- To inform
- To instruct
- To persuade
The blog must be at least 500 words long and includes at least three images and three links
to other websites. You will be marked using the following rubric:
Content 10 points
Organization 7 points
Blogging Conventions 5 points
Language and Mechanics 3 points
Total
Write your blog below:

Reporting Social Issues
Instruction: Prepare a 10-minute presentation of any local issue. There will be six
slides in the entire presentation. Upload the video in the Google classroom.
Rubric:
Criteria Value Actual Score
Visual Aids 5 points

Coherence 5 points
Verbal Skills 5 points
Handling questions 5 points
Physical Grooming 5 points
Total Score 25 points
V-Post- Assessment
1. What are the different types of visual aids?
2. What are the things to be considered when making a presentation?
3. What is a vliog? How about blog?
VI-Lesson Summary
In this module, you learned that:
o There are different tools of technology that can be used as an aid in
communication.
o A communication aid helps an individual to communicate more
effectively with people around them.
o Vlog stands for a video blog or video log, and refers to a type of blog
where most or all of the content is in a video format.
o A blog is the online equivalent of a journal or diary entry.
o Because of its public nature, a blog has more visual material and
makes use of topics that are of general interest to the public.

VII-References
Barrot, J. and Sipacio, P.J. (2018). Purposive Communication in the 21 st Century. C

& E Publishing, Inc. 839 EDSA, South Triangle, Quezon City
Wakat, G., Caroy, A.,Paulino, F.,Jose,M.,Ordonio,M.R., Palangyos, A.,Dizon,

E.G.,Dela Cruz, A. and Sao-an, M. (copyright 2018). Purposive
Communication (OBE-&PPST-BASED). LORIMAR PUBLISHING, INC.
Cubao, Quezon City
Zoleta, M. A., Dugyon, E.M., Binay-an, I.,Bolintao, J., Ibay, A. W., Javalde, M. L. E.,
Villanueva, L. (copyright 2018). Purposive Communication. . Mindshapers
Co.,Inc. Recoletos Street, Manila
https://theartsdevelopmentcompany.org.uk/resources/good-to-know-1/what-is-
vlogging-2/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlog
Credit is due to Ms. Ampong, Daryl

MODULE 6
Introduction:
Communication becomes so part of us that it is a passport in understanding and

conveying our needs and ideas to others. Communication begins with our self to other
people, in various events as well. Messages relayed will vary depending on the
communicative situation. Not to be mistakenly judged, we use communication ethics and
principles as we interact with family members, and strangers.
This chapter covers the fundamentals of communication like knowing your purpose,
knowing your audience, organizing your ideas, and following basic communication
principles. Furthermore, communication is also emphasized as it serves its purposes to
inform, evoke, entertain, argue, and persuade. Lastly, the factors comprising a rhetorical
situation like author, purpose, topic, and occasion are also discussed.
Module Learning Outcomes:
In this module, you should be able to:

a. identify various communication fundamentals that comprise successful
communication;
b. identify important purposes of communication;
c. exhibit understanding on the components of rhetorical situations; and

d. deliver effective speeches relevant to your field of specialization.
LESSON 1- INFORMATIVE, PERSUASIVE AND ARGUMENTATIVE COMMUNICATION
I. Learning Outcomes: In this lesson, you should be able to:

a. present ideas persuasively using appropriate language registers, facial
expressions, and gestures.
b. adopt awareness of audience and context in presenting ideas; and
c. deliver different speeches according to purpose
II. Pre-Assessment
Instruction: Tick the column that best describes your ability to communicate. Answer
this as objectively as possible. Bear in mind that there are no wrong answers.
USUALLY SOMETIMES SELDOM NEVER

3 2 1 0
1. I choose relevant topics for my
speech.
2. I use an appropriate organizational
pattern for my speech topic.
3. I have a clear purpose.
4. I use an effective attention-getter.
5. I support my arguments with
sufficient, valid and credible sources.
6. I end my speech with a review of the
main points.
7. I use different forms of appeal
(emotion and logic).
8. I observe appropriate pronunciation,
enunciation, and articulation.
9. I have effective, dynamic, and natural
gestures, postures, eye contact, and
facial expressions.
10. I master my speech.
TOTAL
GRAND TOTAL
Interpretation:
Score Level of Proficiency

28-30 Advanced
25-27 Proficient
23-24 Approaching Proficient
21-22 Developing
20 and Beginning
below

III. Lesson Map
INFORMATIVE
ARGUMENTATIVE PERSUASIVE
COMMUNICATION
This map shows various purposes

of communication.
IV. Core Content
A. ENGAGE:
Instruction: Using the table, list atleast 3 ideas that you can associate with the terms
presented below.
Argumentative Informative Persuasive

1. 1. 1.
2. 2. 2.
3. 3. 3.
B: EXPLORE:

C.EXPLAIN: Understanding Informative, Persuasive and Argumentative Communication
Communication is made for numerous purposes. The way messages crafted

depends highly on the intention of the sender. When you share something you know about
anything under the sun, you are exercising (1) informative communication. It is factual,
accurate and biased; it involves giving than sharing. As an informative communicator, you
want your receivers to pay attention and understand, but not to change their behaviour. By
sharing information, ignorance is reduced, or better yet, eliminated. It aims to educate
receivers. It should not be opinionated nor should it be persuasive.
There are five structures to choose from when writing informative communication:
1. Cause and Effect

2. Comparison and Contrast
3. Order or Sequence
4. Problem – Solution
5. Definition
Osborn (2009) purports that informative communication arises out of three deep impulses:
a) We seek to expand our awareness of the world around us.

b) We seek to become more competent.
c) We have an abiding curiosity about how things work and how they are made.
When preparing for an informative exchange, ask yourself the following questions:
1. Is my topic noteworthy to be considered informative?

2. What do my recipients already know about my topic?
3. What more do they have to know?
4. Am i knowledgeable enough of my topic to help my receivers understand it?
TYPES OF INFORMATIVE COMMUNICATION
Generally, there are four types of informative speech. These are speech
about objects or people, speech about processes, speech about events, and speech about
concepts.
1. Speech about objects or people. This focuses on tangible items, like gadgets,
product, structures, or people. Visual aids may be necessary.
2. Speech about processes. This focuses on a process or sequence of events. Visual
aids are necessary.
3. Speech about events. This focuses on an event that happened, is happening, or
might happen in the future.
4. Speech about concepts. This focuses on beliefs, knowledge, theories, principles, or
ideas.
2. Persuasive Communication is an art of gaining fair and favourable considerations for

our point of view. It is the process of convincing people to change their attitude towards an

issue and believe your ideas. It is not similar to coercion because it does not utilize actions
that would cause damage or danger to a person. It employs freedom to choose. Moreover, it
is an effective way to influence how a person thinks and behaves.
In the workplace, you can use persuasive communication to have others

follow you, to sell or purchase a product, to increase productivity, maintain democracy, or to
gain new partners. It also
a) provides a choice among options.

b) advocates something through a speaker.
c) uses supporting material to justify advice.
d) turns the audience into agents of change.
e) asks for strong audience commitment.
f) gives importance to the speaker’s credibility.
g) appeals to feelings.
h) has higher ethical obligation.
There are three modes of persuasion according to Aristotle:
1. Logos refers to the content and discussion.

2. Pathos refers to the emotional influence of the speaker to the audience.
3. Ethos refers to the personal character of the speaker.
Before you speak, you write. In writing your speech, you need to organize the content
and design the argumentation in a way that would be accepted by the audience. Be honest
with the content and factual with the argumentation. Honesty and accuracy is the key to
attain persuasive communication.
Empathy or being able to feel your audience is also important if you want them to
believe you. People believe a speaker if they see that the speaker feels them.
To practice persuasive communication, you need to look credible to your audience.

Credibility includes not only the way you speak but all the non-lexical components of
communication. When you are on stage, remember that your personal character will be
louder than the words you utter.
QUALITIES OF AN EFFECTIVE PERSUASIVE SPEECH
a) Well-defined goal
b) Clear main point
c) Sufficient supporting ideas
d) Logical reasoning (concrete reasons why your listeners should support your ideas)
e) Effective and powerful ways to gain the attention of your audience
f) Compelling ideas to make your target audience feel and think
g) Salient motives to target the basic needs of your audience
TYPES OF PERSUASIVE SPEECH
1. Speech that Questions Fact

 This usually happens whenever the speaker questions the existence of a

particular event or happening. In this case, the speaker poses questions of
fact, derives conclusions from different sources of information, and attempts
to convince the audience to believe in his/her ideas.
2. Speech that Questions Value
 This type usually happens whenever the speaker deals with questions of
value in terms of self, family, friendship, religion, government, freedom, love,
and money among others. In this case, the speaker: makes a statement or
claim, attempts to convince his/her audience why something or someone is
worthy of pride and emulation, and justifies it based on standards.
3. Speech that Questions Policy
 This type usually happens whenever the speaker questions the way things
are today which can have implications for the future. In this case, the speaker
asks relevant questions that can help in resolving whether something should
be implemented or not, observed or not, or done or not.
4. Speech that Refutes
 This type usually happens whenever the speaker responds to and disproves
the claims of others while he/she depends and promotes his/her own. One
best example is debate. In this case, the speaker is required to carefully plan
his arguments/claims with valid support.
3. Argumentative Communication relies heavily on sound proof and reasoning. The nature
of proof has been studied since the Golden Age of Greece and has been improved through
time. According to Aristotle’s logos, ethos and pathos are the three primary forms of proof. In
our time, whoever, many scholars have confirmed the presence of a fourth dimensions of
proof, mythos – which suggests that we responds to appeals to the traditions and values of
our culture and to the legends and folktales that embody them.
In an argumentative communication, you choose a stand on a controversial issue

and attack or argue against the position or perspectives of the other person. Now, remember
that it is the person’s perspectives that you attack and not the person himself. Lucas (2007)
claims that to avoid defective argumentation, the following must be avoided:
1. Defective evidence
 Misuse of facts
 Statistical fallacies
 Defective testimony
 Inappropriate evidence
2. Defective patterns of reasoning
 Evidential fallacies
a) Slippery slopes
b) Confusing facts with opinion
c) Red herring
d) Myth of the mean
 Flawed proofs

 Defective arguments
When presenting arguments, you should be careful not to include comments such as:
1. “Stop being stupid.” (implies something wrong with the person)
2. “It is a common knowledge that your sister was a flop in acting, but I
expected you to be better.” (attack on significant others)
3. “Let’s check if you did it right this time.” (implies a history of getting it
wrong)
4. “This task is easy for most people, but I do understand that it is not easy
for you.” (implies incompetence)
5. “Oh well, you did it right this time! And I thought you were hopeless!”
(mockery, implies incompetence)
D. EXTEND Comparing and contrasting
Instruction: Compare and contrast the following various purposes of communication.
INFORMATIVE
ARGUMENTATIVE PERSUASIVE

E .EVALUATE:
Instruction: Using the space provided below, write an outline for each speech.
Speech to Inform
Audience description: _______________________________________________________

Speech Title: _______________________________________________________
Outline:
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Speech to Persuade
Audience description: _______________________________________________________

Speech Title: _______________________________________________________
Outline:
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
V. Post-Assessment
Instruction: Write T on the blank if the statement is true and F if the statement is false.
Write your answer on the space provided.
______1. Supporting statements are not really necessary in persuasive speaking.
______2. We deliver a question of policy speech to call for action.
______3. Fallacies should be avoided.
______4. Credible sources should be used.

______5. Your ultimate goal as a persuasive speaker is to convince your audience to

believe in you.
______6. Speaker’s credibility is important in a persuasive speech.
______7. Reviewing the main points after the speech is not necessary.
______8. Always have a clear purpose in every communication.
______9. Using effective lead in every speech is not important.
______10. Persuasive speaking is observed in any situation.
VI. Topic Summary
In this module, you learned that:
o Various information and meaning are conveyed when people communicate with each
other.
o Communication is considered as one of the basic activities of human beings
VII. References
Barrot, J. and Sipacio, P.J. (2018). Purposive Communication in the 21 st Century. C & E
Publishing, Inc. 839
EDSA, South Triangle, Quezon City
Wakat, G., Caroy, A.,Paulino, F.,Jose,M.,Ordonio,M.R., Palangyos, A.,Dizon, E.G.,Dela

Cruz, A. and Sao-an,
M. (copyright 2018). Purposive Communication (OBE-&PPST-BASED). LORIMAR
PUBLISHING, INC.
Cubao, Quezon City
Zoleta, M. A., Dugyon, E.M., Binay-an, I.,Bolintao, J., Ibay, A. W., Javalde, M. L. E.,
Villanueva, L. (copyright
2018). Purposive Communication. . Mindshapers Co.,Inc. Recoletos Street, Manila
https://www.google.com/search?source=univ&tbm=isch&q=persuasive+triangle&sa=X&sqi=
2&ved=2ahUKEwjOpM-AotvqAhXXEbkGHUdOASMQsAR6BAgHEAE&biw=1366&bih=657
Credit is due to Ms. Ampong, Daryl

MODULE 7
TOPIC:
1.1 Basics of Writing
1.2 Minutes of the Meeting (Guidelines in Preparing the Minutes & Samples)
1.3 Memorandum (Protocol, Format, Parts & Samples)
1.4 Letter of Request
1.5 Short Report
1.6 Progress Report
1.7 Incidence Report
1.8 Project Proposal (Guidelines and Sample)
TIME FRAME: 7 HRS
INTRODUCTION
Having graduated from senior high school, some of you might be doing some part time jobs
while enrolled in college freshmen. Even if you are full time student, the topics in this
module will still be helpful since you will be working in no time at all.
The materials are business and technical documents, such as minutes,
memorandums, and requests, as well as short reports like progress, incident, and project
proposal. These materials are used in all fields – healthcare, education, business and trade,
law, media, and science and technology.
I – INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES
When students have completed this module, they should be able to:
1. Create clear, coherent, and effective communication materials for the workplace;
2. Present ideas persuasively using appropriate language registers, tone, facial
expressions and gestures;

3. Consider audience and context in the preparation of each communication output; and
4. Produce suitable documents with formats required in various workplaces.
II – PRE-ASSESSMENT
Direction: Answer the following questions intelligibly and concisely in 3 to 4 sentences only.
1. Why is writing considered as an essential skill not only by students but by workers/employees as
well?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. Is there a dire need for you to know in advance how to make different write-ups or outputs in the
workplace? Cite some letters that you know that are needed in the workplace to sustain the flow of
the communication process in and out of the workplace.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. Mention a specific criteria in hiring a worker that can be correlated to the content of this module
and cite reason(s) why it is included as part of the needed skills/competency to be highlighted in
hiring and selection of a prospective/future employee.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
LEARNING ACTIVITIES
LET’S COMMUNICATE: Read the input s given to understand better the relevance of the lessons
specified in this module.
LESSON 1 : BASICS OF WRITING
What is the Importance of Writing Skills to an Employee?
Writing is an essential skill. All jobs call for writing, from application letters to
memos, emails, tweets, text, blogs, websites, proposals, and reports. Through writing,
communication is possible among or between employees, managers, stakeholders, clients
and agencies. Employees should be able to write clearly to be able to do the other
requisites of the job. Writing keeps business moving. (Searles, 2014, Kolin, 2015).
What basic factors should a writer know to help him write effectively?
Workplace writing occurs for a definite purpose, and it is intended for a particular
audience. It is, therefore, important that purpose and audience be seriously considered to

make sure that the tone you adopt is appropriate for the context and the kind of writing
expected of you.
a. Purpose. On the-job writings are usually done for at least one of three reasons:
 to create/build a record,
 to request or provide information, and
 to persuade.

b. Readers/ Audience. Ask yourself these questions:
 Who am I writing to? An individual or a group of persona?
 What do they know about this topic?
 What are their job titles and areas of responsibility?
In identifying your audience, remember that your workplace has a communication-

network pattern of contact created by the flow of messages among communicators:
Upward Communication. The written materials are sent by subordinates to their

superiors. Upward communication can convey varied types of messages:
 What subordinates are doing: “We will have that job done by closing time.”
 Unsolved work problems: “We are still figuring out how the old furniture will fit
in our office”
 Suggestions for improvements: “I think we should ask the opinion of an interior
designer.”
 How subordinates feel about each other and the job: “I think Eve, our new
secretary, is having problems with her responsibilities.”
 Reply to an inquiry from a supervisor.
These messages can benefit both the subordinates and the superiors because the
most satisfied employees are the most productive; however, these messages are not easy to
make because being frank with the boss can be risky, particularly if the boss may not like or
is not ready to hear problems and suggestions.
Lateral (Horizontal) Communication. The materials are sent to people who are of
equal level or status; that is, between members of the same division or department of an
organization. This communication serves the following purposes:
 Task coordination: “ Let’s get together to define the role and responsibilities of each
of us and set our work schedule.”
 Problem-solving: “Traffic woes are here to stay, and they have affected our
attendance and punctuality. Let us see how we can solve this problem.”
 Sharing information: “The Inquirer Academy offering its 2018 First Workshop. Those
who are interested may email Inquirer Academy @inquireracademy.com.”
 Building rapport: “Thank you for going out of your way and helping us finish the
project on time. For this let’s have lunch together.”
Downward Communication. This is the kind of communication sent by superiors to

their subordinates. Downward communication is very important because giving instructions
is inevitable. Examples are:

 Job instructions: “Submit all receipts for items above P1000.00 that you paid in
cash.”
 Job rationale: “ We are very particular not only about attendance but also about
punctuality.”
 Feedback: “Your suggestion regarding stocking up on supplies before payday saved
us from making short orders for sold-out items.”
Outward Communication. This is intended for workers outside the workplace. An

example is a letter to the comptroller of a company regarding financial matters.
You need to consider the differences in reader category that are created by the flow
of communication because they affect your communication in many ways, particularly
format. For internal communication (the first three categories), the memorandum is
traditionally the preferred medium, but it is now almost totally taken over by email. For
outward communication (with clients, customers, or the public in general), the standard
business letter still prevails although it is now sent by email or fax machine (Searles, 2014).
3. Tone.
Tone expresses your attitude toward a person or thing (whether you agree or
disagree, like or dislike, bias or accepted). It is how you regard or consider the person. Some
authors call this “you attitude”, ”consideration,” or “reader-centered.” Tone may be
professional or formal and impersonal, like in a scientific report, or informal and personal,
like in a letter to a friend or in a how-to-do-article.
Tone in writing is most important in occupational writing because a wrong tone in

your letter may cost you a customer. This tone or consideration for others is best achieved
by doing the following:
# Focusing on the reader (“Reader’s Oriented” or “You Attitude”). You as the writer, should
think of the reader – his needs, his want, his expectations. Your readers are real people, you
have to make them feel that you are writing to them as individuals .Out them in the
forefront of your letter.
a. Poor: “We now have a Walk-up Window, open to serve you from 9am to 4pm every
Wednesday.
b. Better: (Focus on ‘‘you”). “You can now take care of your banking needs at our Walk-up
Window, open to serve you from 9 am to 4 pm every Wednesday”.
Choosing Positive and Pleasant Ideas
a. Negative: “She is a fault finder.” Positive: “She is concerned with details.”

b. Negative: “The glass is half-empty”. Positive: “The glass is half-full.”
# Focusing on What is to be done to solve the problem, not as what not to be done.
a. Negative: “It is impossible to open an account for you today.”

b. Positive: “As soon as your signature card reaches us today, we can gladly open an
account for you.”
# Using the Passive form of the Verb to soften the impact of unpleasant, negative, or
controversial issues.
a. Poor: “Today, the union leader declared a general strike.”

b. Positive: “A general strike was declared today.”
Let’s Do It: Answer the questions in a concise manner. Then revise what is required
particularly in problem 4 basing on the principle given to achieve effective writing..
1. Among the factors for effective writing, which do you consider to be the most important
one? Why?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
2. Why is it necessary to know your readers/audiences?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
3. How can a “reader oriented” message help make communication effective?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
4. Revise the following messages by focusing on the reader.
a. Emphasize the “you attitude” or “reader oriented” perspective.
 I am delighted to announce that we are extending our store hours to make

your shopping more convenient.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
 We now have a Walk-up Window, open from 9am to 4pm to take care of
your banking needs. (Focus on the benefit the CUSTOMER will get).
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
b. Emphasize the positive fact.
 I am sorry that currently we are out of stock of black leather purses. We can
not fill your order at this time. (Focus on WHEN you can fill the customer’s
order)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
 Only members are eligible for the discount. (Focus on WHAT the customer
should do to be entitled to a discount).

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
c. Use the passive voice of the verb to lessen the negative effect.
 Dr. Juancho Santos, the Health Secretary, reached the new drug testing
policy.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
 The payroll clerk failed to include my June contribution in the
computation.(Focus on the MISTAKE, forget the one who erred).
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
SELF-EVALUATION: Craft a concept map that will show how an employee must brace/equip
himself/herself should there will be writing output(s) needed by his/her employer?
POST-TEST: Given the chance that you will apply for a job in a certain workplace/school,
write your own application letter following the prescribed parts and the paragraph content
to make you at edge with other applicants. This serves as your first output needed in a
workplace.
LESSON 2: MINUTES OF THE MEETING
Learning Outcomes: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to;
1. Determine the importance of crafting minutes during a meeting.

2. Craft a formal Minutes of a Meeting given a scenario as a prospective secretary or leader
of a research project or in anticipation of a forthcoming event.
Pre-Test: Basing on your background knowledge in junior and senior high school , write
down the essential parts and say something about its inclusion that will qualify your minutes
of a meeting as effective.
LET’S COMMUNICATE:
Minutes are a summary of what happened at a meeting .They show the information
shared, the discussion made (clear, accurate, and objective), and decisions reached during
the meeting. Since business meeting have become important communication in business
and the industry, a record of their meetings is always filed. Minutes, which are considered
official, permanent records, are regarded as legal documents (Coleen, 2015:Dagdag, Ranin,
Roxas, Perez, and Buluran, 2011)

The advent of technology has made possible video conferencing with skype: google
meet, zoom. This allows group of individuals in the world of work to meet just like in any
other business meeting.
Minutes may be formal or informal depending on the type of meeting Formal
minutes are long because all information is recorded in detail, including the exact words of
motion, amendments, resolutions and number of votes. Informal minutes are shorter since
discussions are just summarized. Whether they are formal or informal, however, minutes
have the same basic parts (Collen, 2015, Dagdag,et.al .,2011).
Part of the Minutes
1. Day, time, place of the meeting.

2. Name of the group holding the meeting.
3. Name of the presiding officer or chair.
4. Name of present and absent members.
5. Approval or amendment of minutes of the previous meeting.
6. For each major point what was done is indicated.
a. What was discussed, suggested or proposed.
b. What was decided and the votes, including abstentions.
c. What was continued or tabled for further study or another meeting.
d. What time the meeting was officially closed.
7. Secretary signature.
Guidelines in Preparing the Minutes
1. All motions and resolutions are recorded, and proponents are identified by name.
2. Seconded motions are also noted and recorded although the ones who seconded them
need not be identified.
3. Result of seconded motions must be recorded and whether approve or rejected should
be indicated in the minutes.
4. Headings are used to mark report sections. Titles should be all capitalized letters.
5. Minutes of the previous meetings should also be taken up.
6. Do not report/write verbatim (word for word) what are said. Summarize. Readers are
more interested in results.
7. Lengthy discussions, debates, and reports given should be summarized.
8. The past tense is used.


LET’S COMMUNICATE
1. How important are the minutes of a meeting? Why should they be taken and filed?
2. Is it really important to check the attendance of the members? Explain.
3. Why should motions and those who make them be recorded?
4. Why is it important to present the minutes of the previous meeting and have it approved
by the body?
5. Why should the past tense be used?
LET’S CONNECT
1. With a seatmate, assess the previously given sample of Minutes of a Meeting by
answering and completing the items asked for. Post your assessment on the class’s FB
account, post comments on your classmates’ assessment, too.
Basic Parts identified:

a. When and where was the meeting held?
_________________________________________________________________
b. What group or agency conducted the meeting?
_________________________________________________________________
c. Who presided over the meeting?
________________________________________________________________
d. Why is it important to check attendance?
________________________________________________________________
e. What was laid on the table for approval before the meeting started?
________________________________________________________________
Motions presented and who presented them (Complete the list).
a. Progress in the site inspection committee
_________________________________________________________________
b. concern about a computer virus that may strike the plant-monkey by Virginia Garcia and
Rafael Nova
_________________________________________________________________
MEMORANDUM (MEMO)
Memo, short for memorandum, is of Latin origin, which means “something to be

remembered.” This meaning explains the function of memos-to record information of
immediate importance and interests.

A memo is usually written for internal or in-house communication. It is usually short,

direct to the point, clearly stating what must be done or not done. They provide data for
various functions, such as the following (Kolin, 2015);
1. Making announcements;
2. Giving instruction;
3. Clarifying a policy, procedure or issue;
4. Changing a policy or procedure;
5. Alerting staff to a problem;
6. Sending recommendations;
7. Providing legal records;
8. Calling a meeting; and
9. Reminding employees of corporate history, policy and procedure.
MEMO PROTOCOL
Just like any other business correspondence, the memo carries the company name
and image. It should therefore follow the company’s accepted ways in which in-house
communication is formatted, organized, written, and routed. Be guided by these four
guidelines (Wikipedia Memorandum, 2018).
1. Be timely. Do not wait for the day of the event before your announcement.
2. Be professional. Although a memo is an in-house correspondence, it should still be well
crafted, factually accurate, and free of grammar lapses and faulty writing mechanics.
3. Be tactful. Politeness and diplomacy are important qualities of any business
correspondence.
4. Send memo to the right person. In business, a memo is typical for internal
communication hence, it could also be considered as an upward communication through
which any complaints, issues, opinions, views and suggestions are sent.
MEMO FORMAT AND PARTS
Memos vary in format and the way they are sent. Whatever the format, they should have
the standard parts. The memo has basically two parts; header or identifying information and
message, as aside from the word memo on the top of the paper (Serles, 2014; Kolins, 2015).
1. Header which includes four parts as shown in the box.

MEMORANDUM
TO: Name and Job Title of receiver (if more than one, arrange names in order of job status}
FROM: Sender’s name (you may use first name depending on your familiarity with the receiver)
DATE: Full calendar date (November 5, 2020)
SUBJECT: Indicate the purpose. This serves as the title of your memo; it summarizes the message.
(Good Samples):
 Safety in cleaning brake machines
 Ways to increase Meralco’s Social Responsibilities

Poor or vague/ not clear samples:

 Cleaning difficulties
 Meralco’s Social Responsibilities
(If a memo is sent in the body of the email, you do not need to include the header parts;
they are automatically included in the email’s heading).
2. Message, which follows the orientation-information-Action format.

a. Orientation (Opening paragraph): What is your purpose or reason for writing?
b. Information: What do you want to tell or convey to the readers?
c. Action: What step or course of action do you intend to take?
Sample of a Basic Memo Format

MEMORANDUM
TO: All Employees
FROM: Alice Blower, Manager, Personnel Department
DATE: November 5, 2020
SUBJECT: Juan dela Cruz
As many of you already know, Janny of the Maintenance Department was

admitted to the Manila Community Hospital over the weekend. He is scheduled to
undergo surgery on Monday.
Although Janny will not be receiving visitors or phone calls the meantime, you may
want to send him “Get Well” cards to lift his spirits. He is in room 234.
We will keep you posted about Janny’s progress.
LET’S COMMUNICATE:
 What does memorandum literally mean?

 What is the main use or purpose of a memo?
 What are the two basic parts of a memo?
Let’s CONNECT:
1. Put the parts of this memo in their proper places. Observe the orientation- information –
Action Pattern in organizing the three paragraphs of the body or message. Post your
correctly written and organized memo on your class’s FB accounts. Give comments to your
classmates’ posted versions of the assignment.

MEMORANDUM
Most of us know that Paterna Castro from the Medical Department is retiring at the end of this
month after thirty years of service to SLM General Hospital. A party is being organized in her honor.
It will be at seven o’clock on the evening of Saturday, March 31. The venue will be BIG JOE’S
RESTAURANT just in front of the hospital. Each share of the expenses is P700.00, which includes a
buffet dinner and a donation for the gift. If you intend to join the celebration, please see me at the
end of this week for final reservation.
SUBJECT: Paterna Castro

FROM: Mary dela Cuesta, Assistant Director
TO: All Employees
DATE: November 5, 2020
2. You are a secretary in an office. The normal working hours are AM-8:00 to 12:00, PM-
2:00 to 5:00. But during summer, the working hours become AM-7:30 to 11:00; PM-1:00 to
3:00. Since summer starts next week, write a memo to all employees announcing this
summer work schedule. To be correctly written, your memo should contain the required
parts and information.
LETTER OF REQUEST
Business letters are typically used for external communication – messages from one
company to another, from a company to a client or to a supplier. Although email now often
used, countless letters are still written for various reasons. One of them is the letter of
request.
Request letters are written when a person seeks help of any kind from someone
else. Students like you may write a request letter when you need information for assigned
writing projects, such as report, research, article, or when you ask for clarification or for
favors (Kolin, 2015).
Guidelines in Writing Request Letters

1. Direct – address your letter to the right person.
2. State who you are and your work title and why you are writing.
3. Indicate your reason for requesting your information. If applicable, you may cite the one
who suggested that you write and ask for help.
4. State your question briefly and clearly. You may list and number them.
5. Indicate exactly when you need the information, but allow sufficient time.
“My report is due in May 2021. May I request that your answer be sent next month, so I can
include them? You may send your response or any questions you may have, to my email address
listed above.”
6. Offer to forward a copy of your report, article, or paper in gratitude for the anticipated
help.
“Your answer to the question would make my report authoritative and useful. I would feel
honored to cite you and Creative Marketing Associates in my work. I will be glad to send you a copy
of my finished report.”
7. Thank the reader for helping.

LET’S COMMUNICATE
1. Why is it important to direct/address your letter to the right person.

2. Is it necessary to tell the receiver who you are? Why?
3. Do you need to tell the receiver how you came to know him? Explain your answer.
4. What is the disadvantage if your questions are not clear or cannot easily be answered?
5. Why do you have to offer to give a copy of your report?
LET’S CONNECT
1. With a seatmate, rearranged the jumbled sentences that comprise a request letter.
When you are done, analyze your output if it conforms to the requirements of a request
letter. Be ready to present your output and analysis in the class, and post them on the class
fb account.
a. send us any literature available on the construction of your nylon tents, accessory
equipment and others;
b. Thank you very much.
c. We, from the Boy Scout of the Philippines Pangasinan Chapter are organizing a
summer camp for boys and are looking for 24 –two occupant portable tents for
camping out.
d. We are undecided whether to use conventional canvass tents that are familiar to us,
or your new nylon tents. Please be kind enough to do the following:
> inform us to their suitability to the summer climate of Mount Makiling
> Provide us with the comparative weights and costs of canvass and nylon tents; and
> we shall appreciate your referring us to customers who have had experience with your tents
in conditions approximating those of the boys’ camp in Mount Makiling
> Give us an idea of the durability of your product with estimates of how many years of
service may be expected of the following situations.
2. Write a letter of request based on one of the following situations.

a. Make a request to take a makeup test for the final examination that you missed.
b. Pretend that you are on a part time job. Request a recomputation of your salary for
the current month.
c. Ask for additional air conditioning units for your office for the coming summer
months.
d. Make a request for an extension of the monthly report deadline (assuning that you
are an employee of a business firm).
e. write a letter to the Police Station nearest you requesting that they increase the
number of traffic-policeman deployed at (name the place). Cite the heavy traffic in
that place, especially during the rush hours – 7:00 to 10:00 am and 4:00 to 8:00pm.
















SELF-EVALUATION
Answer the question briefly in 3 – 4 sentences.
1. Mention some inevitable challenges or difficulty in writing reports? Why are these
reasons difficult to fulfill? Cite your own recommendations or suggestions to gradually
eradicate the difficulties you might have experienced.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
POST TEST. Make your justification in 5 sentences basing from the question cited below.
1. If given the chance to choose from among the types of short reports and have it learned
by heart, what could it be and give the reason for your choice?
__________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
REFERENCES
1. Padilla, M et.al (2018). Communicate and Connect! Purposive Communication:

Mutya Publishing House, Inc. Manila, Philippines
2. Chase, R & Shams, S (2013). Elements of Effective Communication 4th ed
3. Uychoco, M & Santos, M (2018). Communication for Society Purposive Communication 1st ED
4. https://WWW.healthknpwledge.org.uk/public.health-textbook/organization-
Management/5a-understanding-ltd/effective-communication

MODULE 8
TIME FRAME: 7 HRS
INTRODUCTION
This module will make you recall some of what you now know about academic
writing, but most importantly, as college freshmen, you will be doing some analysis of
various types of academic articles before finally producing your own academic papers for
presentation both orally and otherwise (print audio, visual, web-based).
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES: When students have completed this module, they
should be able to:
1. Analyze varied academic text using some questions to guide the analysis;
2. Write and present academic papers using correct tone, style, delivery, and
documentation of sources.
3. Show evidences of taking into consideration the importance of rhetorical elements (or
audience and context) in the presentation of ideas;
4. Express and communicate ideas by using appropriate registers for oral, audio-visual and
/or web-based presentations for audiences in local and global settings
PRE-ASSESSMENT
Direction: In 3 sentences, answer the questions posed relative to the content of this
module.
1. Why do you need to conform or follow certain guidelines in making academic writings?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

2. Will you be at edge with others if you will learn by heart how academic writings are
crafted? Whatever is your choice, kindly justify your answer.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. Why is the knowledge on academic writing or writing communication for academic
purposes including its guidelines or mechanics becomes inseparable for students and
employees to learn?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
UNDERSTANDING THE MEANING OF ACADEMIC WRITING

In its broader sense, academic writing is any writing done to fulfill a requirement of a
college of university which (may) also (be) used for publications that are read by teacher
and researchers or presented at conferences “such as essay, book report, abstract,
translations, research and term papers, academic journals, thesis and dissertations (“Writing
for Education, “2018).
A more narrow meaning specify that academic writing is any formal written work
produce in academic settings by students, professors and researchers in every discipline to
convey ideas, make arguments, and engage in scholarly conversation; its most common
form are literary analysis, research papers, and thesis and dissertation (Valdez, 2018).
Different areas of knowledge have different traditions, conventions, as well as ways
of thinking and doing things; therefore to be effective in your chosen field, you need to
know now only its language but also its values, rules and terms-things that are important to
actively and competently perform and participate in the academic discourse and college
writing of your academic discipline.
LET’S COMMUNICATE
1. What is the broad meaning of academic writing? What is its specific definition?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2. Why does academic writing differ from discipline to discipline?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
KNOWING HOW ACADEMIC WRITING IS DONE
Here are the guidelines that need to be considered (Bullock & Weinberg, 2009):
1. Choose a topic. Look for any topic that interests you. The topic should be appropriate to
the kind of text assigned and to the specified, required time of completion.
2. Consider the rhetorical elements. These are a.) purpose for writing; b) expected
audience, c) stance-whether serious objective, critical, opinionated, curious, passionate, or

indifferent-and tone-whether funny, ironic, reasonable, thoughtful, angry or gentle, d)

genre that call for either formal or informal language such as memo, letter, report, abstract,
research, personal essay, narrative, review and proposals, e) Medium-print, spoken or
electronic, f) design-format, typefaces, illustrations and audio visuals materials.
3. Generate ideas and texts. Aim to find the best information from credible sources. Self-
publishing media, such as websites, should be evaluated – if managed by an expert or a
group of experts, or by lay persons and amateurs.
4. Organize your ideas. The organization needed depends on rhetorical elements, like
purpose, audience, stance and tone, genre, and medium.
5. Write out a Draft. Consider your genre, medium, and design when deciding or on
register and style of writing.
6. Revise, edit, and proofread. Pay special attention to correction of language (grammar,
mechanics, style).
7. Evaluate your work. It should answer the following questions:

a. How well did you convey the information? Is it complete enough for your audience
needs?
b. What strategies did you rely on and how did they help you achieve your purpose?
c. How well did you organize your ideas?
d. Are the data properly documented? Are the sources of information credible?
e. Did you use any tables, graphs, diagrams, photographs, illustrations or some other
graphics effectively?
f. What did you do especially well?
g. What could still be improved?
LET’S COMMUNICATE
1. What should be your basic consideration in selecting your topic?

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
2. What are the rhetorical considerations? Explain each and cite examples.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
3. What is the meaning of “find the best information from credible sources”?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
LET’S CONNECT
Which among the guidelines did you find most challenging to follow when you
prepared and submitted your academic-writing projects in Grade 11 and 12? Why?

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ACADEMIC TEXTS
Most texts use the IMRD structure (Introduction, Methods & Materials, Results and
Discussion). The aim and research questions which are usually found after the introduction
together with a conclusion and references, complement the structure (Berger, 2016).
1. Aim. This is the general purpose of the texts and it appears after the introduction.
( Example; To investigate how effective nursing interventions are for smoking cessation).
2. Research Questions. These questions which are placed after the aim, limit or specify the
aim. Ex. What nursing interventions exist? How many patients are still smoke- free after
one year?
3. Introduction. This comes before the aim and the research questions. Explain the
importance of the aim, mention that there is something about it that is not yet known, and
specify the benefits that can be gained from the knowledge discovered.
4. Methods & Materials. Mention what procedure you followed to achieve your aim and
answer your research questions.
5. Results. Present the results objectively without interpreting them because the
interpretation will appear in the discussion section.
6. Discussion. This is where you interpret your results. It is the most difficult part because
you need to analyze the result and interpret them at the same time.
7. Conclusion. Make a general statement about your aim and your results; focus on the
implication of your results and mention the need for further research.
8. References. Indicate all cited sources of data.
KEY FEATURES OF ACADEMIC TEXTS
Whatever format is followed for the presentation of ideas, the various academic
texts are identified through their basic features (Bullock & Weinberg, 2009).
1. Literacy Narrative (well-told story, vivid detail, clear significance)
2. Article/Book Review. (a summary of text, attention to context, a clear interpretation,

support for your conclusions)
3. Research Report (a tightly focused topic, well-researched information, various writing

strategies, clear definitions, appropriate design)

4. Position Paper ( a clear and arguable position, background information, , good reasons,
convincing evidence, appeals to readers, a trustworthy tone, consideration of any other
positions)
5. Abstract, such as informative, descriptive, critical abstracts
6. Evaluation (a concise description of the subject, clearly defined criteria, a knowledgeable

discussion, a balanced and fair assessment, well-supported reasons)
7. Laboratory Report (an explicit title, abstract, purpose, methods, results and discussion,
references, appendices, appropriate format)
8. Literary Analysis (an arguable thesis, careful attention to the language of the text,
attention to patterns of themes, a clear interpretation)
9. Proposal (a well-defined problem, a recommended solution, a convincing argument for

your solution, possible questions, a call for action, an appropriate tone).
GUIDE QUESTIONS FOR ANALYZING THE SELECTED TEXTS
1. Purpose/Context: What, specifically, is the text above?

2. Author : Who is the author?
3. Audience: Where does the text appear?
4. Topic and Position: Is the author’s opinion clear or is the information presented
“objective”?
5. Research/Sources: How great a role do previous research and sources play?
6 Proof/Evidence: What type of proof, if any, is used to defend conclusion or main idea in
the text.
7. Organization: Is the text broken up with subheadings, if so what are they?
8. Style: Look at the pronouns in the text, if the author refers to himself as “I” why does he
choose to do that.
9. Drawing Conclusion: Use the results of your analysis to answer the questions.
LET’S COMMUNICATE
1. What does the acronym IMRD stand for?

_________________________________________________________________
2. How does “aim” differ from “research questions”?
_________________________________________________________________
3. What does “key features” mean?
_________________________________________________________________

LET’S CONNECT/LET’S DO IT
Direction: Read the short selection. The text provided is short and do not follow usual
formats. Despite this irregularity, read the text and focus on its content and determine its
key features using the list above as guide. Do it yourself.
SAY GOODBYE TO SPAM EMAIL (2014)
Spam or junk mail, is a fact of internet life. Some of it carries malware as an
attachment, but the main problem with spam is that it is annoying because it swamps your
email inbox with pointless messages.
Most email programs have built-in filters that will recognize unwanted messages and
divert them into a junk folder. You can configure the filter to “learn” what you considered to
be spam, or to block certain senders.
Avoid publishing your email address on website – spammers “trawl” the internet for
email addresses. Be careful who you give your email address to, and if you need to send out
multiple copies of an email, use blind copy “bcc” instead to mass the other recipients’
addresses.
Delete spam messages without opening them. Signs of possible spam are bad
spelling in email headers, suspicious sender addresses, or email sent at odd hours. If you do
open a spam mail, never replay to it or click to any adverts, pictures, or links it may contain –
it will only confirm that yours is a live email address.
If you receive an unexpected email purporting to come from your bank, credit card
company, or other supplier, be wary. If the email asks you to response by clicking on a link,
don’t do it instead contact the organization by calling on their authenticated telephone
number, or by navigating independently to their official website.
Consider setting up a second email address and keep one address for your personal
correspondence and another for your online transactions
Key Features:_______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Genre:____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Final Project: - Multi-modal Advocacy Campaign
Prepare a multi-modal text (print, audio, visual, web-based) for an advocacy campaign on
any of the following issues:
1. Good Governance 5. Poverty Reduction

2. Responsible Citizenship 6. Eradication of Illegal Drugs
3. Disaster Preparedness 7. Reduction of Illiteracy
4. Environment Preservation 8. Covid 19 Pandemic Eradication

Note: Do not forget to properly document your sources using APA style of documentation.
Post your multi-modal advocacy campaign on the class FB account. Be ready to present in
the class during the online session.
SELF-EVALUATION
Matching Type. Match Column A and B which contains two parts of one guideline for
academic writing
A B
_______1. Generate a. work
_______2. Consider b. draft
_______3. Choose c. the written text
_______4. Organize d. ideas and texts
_______5. Evaluate e. ideas and texts
_______6. Write out f. rhetorical elements
______ 7. Revise, edit, proofread e. mechanics and register
g. topic
B. Maze Test. Three options appear in parentheses, but one of these is not related to the
other two. Write the irrelevant options on the blank.
Academic writing is any formal writing done in an academic setting by students,

instructors, and researchers to produce or analyze knowledge. It may be published in a
journal or magazine, or presented in a local or international forum. Examples of this kind of
text ______(can, be, are ,show) reports, reviews, essays, abstracts, research,
proposals_________(blogs, translations, theses), and dissertations.
Submission of the text _____(may, ought, can) be done online through facebook
posting _____(and, or, preferentially) print by giving a copy to _______(the, a, one’s)
instructor. Online submission is usually encouraged ____(for, considering, because) the
posting of comments from both _____(mentee, instructor, teacher) and classmates.
Academic writing varies from _____(discipline, training, military)to a discipline
because different fields of ____(learning, knowledge, philosophy))have their own ways of
thinking___(and, as well as, as a consequence) doing things. This results in
variations____(in of, between) traditions and conventions- language style,,
vocabulary,_____(transmittal, delivery, post). Despite the differences, however, academic
text____(of, along, in) all disciplines are created and produced ________(by, through, for)
using the same process of writing.

POST TEST
Direction. In 3 sentences, answer the question posed accurately.
1. What will be the outcome if students do not have sufficient background on the different
types of academic writings? What would be your recommendations to solve should there be
deficit in this aspect?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
REFERENCES
1. Padilla, M et.al (2018). Communicate and Connect! Purposive Communication:

Mutya Publishing House, Inc. Manila, Philippines
2. Chase, R & Shams, S (2013). Elements of Effective Communication 4 th ed
3. Uychoco, M & Santos, M (2018). Communication for Society Purposive Communication 1st ED
4. https://WWW.healthknpwledge.org.uk/public.health-textbook/organization-
Management/5a-understanding-ltd/effective-communication


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LEARNING MODULE SURIGAO STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

GE Purposive Comm August 2020 Edition 1

In this lesson, you should be able to:

1. design communication aids and strategies using the tools of technology;

GE Purposive Comm August 2020 Edition 2

USUALLY SOMETIMES SELDOM NEVER

Score Level of Proficiency

Instruction: Answer the following questions:

GE Purposive Comm August 2020 Edition 3

3. How is a blog different from a journal or diary entry?

-Pecha Kucha PowerPoint

This map shows the different

GE Purposive Comm August 2020 Edition 4

Do you recognize the girl in this photo?

GE Purposive Comm August 2020 Edition 5

 Unaided communication does not use additional equipment. Body

What Are Communication Strategies?

Types of Communication Strategies

 Verbal communication strategies can be broken down into the two

Microsoft PowerPoint and other web-based or online presentations are some

GE Purposive Comm August 2020 Edition 7

B. Steps in Making Effective Multimedia Presentations

GE Purposive Comm August 2020 Edition 8

7. Check technical issues.

2. Microsoft PowerPoint (http://office.microsoft.com.en-au/powerpoint/) has

A. Pecha Kucha PowerPoint

Pecha Kucha translates as “the sound of conversation” or “chit-chat” in Japanese. Its

How to create a Pecha Kucha Presentation

3. Web-based or Online Presentations. The following are some of the online

GE Purposive Comm August 2020 Edition 9

But what is a vlog?

How to create a vlog

It is recommended that whatever device you use it will produce high-quality

 for iPhone or MAC you can use iMovie

GE Purposive Comm August 2020 Edition 10

General Guidelines for Creating an Effective Presentation

a. Minimize the number of slides. To convey a clear message and to keep

GE Purposive Comm August 2020 Edition 11

D.EXTEND: Identifying the Features of a Blog

Activity 1: Instruction: Read one blog. Comment on the features of blog.

Use the following questions as your guide:

GE Purposive Comm August 2020 Edition 12

Before you write your blog, fill in the table below.

What is the topic of your blog? Is this topic

What is the purpose of your blog?

GE Purposive Comm August 2020 Edition 13

Reporting Social Issues

Visual Aids 5 points

1. What are the different types of visual aids?

2. What are the things to be considered when making a presentation?

3. What is a vliog? How about blog?

GE Purposive Comm August 2020 Edition 14

Barrot, J. and Sipacio, P.J. (2018). Purposive Communication in the 21 st Century. C

Wakat, G., Caroy, A.,Paulino, F.,Jose,M.,Ordonio,M.R., Palangyos, A.,Dizon,

Credit is due to Ms. Ampong, Daryl

GE Purposive Comm August 2020 Edition 15

Communication becomes so part of us that it is a passport in understanding and

Module Learning Outcomes:

In this module, you should be able to: