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    1.6 Limits at Infinity

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    Hamza Mamarinta
    1. The document is about limits at infinity in calculus. It provides definitions and examples of evaluating limits as x approaches positive or negative infinity. Examples include evaluating limits of functions such as ln x, 1/x, and polynomial functions over x as x approaches ±∞. 2. Key concepts covered include the definition of a limit at infinity, which describes the limiting behavior of a function as its input increases or decreases without bound. Theorems and examples demonstrate evaluating various indeterminate forms that arise from direct substitution, such as infinity/infinity, using algebraic manipulation and limits laws. 3. Examples show evaluating a variety of polynomial, radical, and other functions as x approaches ±∞ through techniques

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    1.6 Limits at Infinity

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    Hamza Mamarinta
    74 views15 pages
    1. The document is about limits at infinity in calculus. It provides definitions and examples of evaluating limits as x approaches positive or negative infinity. Examples include evaluating limits of functions such as ln x, 1/x, and polynomial functions over x as x approaches ±∞. 2. Key concepts covered include the definition of a limit at infinity, which describes the limiting behavior of a function as its input increases or decreases without bound. Theorems and examples demonstrate evaluating various indeterminate forms that arise from direct substitution, such as infinity/infinity, using algebraic manipulation and limits laws. 3. Examples show evaluating a variety of polynomial, radical, and other functions as x approaches ±∞ through techniques

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    1. The document is about limits at infinity in calculus. It provides definitions and examples of evaluating limits as x approaches positive or negative infinity. Examples include evaluating limits of functions such as ln x, 1/x, and polynomial functions over x as x approaches ±∞. 2. Key concepts covered include the definition of a limit at infinity, which describes the limiting behavior of a function as its input increases or decreases without bound. Theorems and examples demonstrate evaluating various indeterminate forms that arise from direct substitution, such as infinity/infinity, using algebraic manipulation and limits laws. 3. Examples show evaluating a variety of polynomial, radical, and other functions as x approaches ±∞ through techniques

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    74 views15 pages

    1.6 Limits at Infinity

    Uploaded by

    Hamza Mamarinta
    1. The document is about limits at infinity in calculus. It provides definitions and examples of evaluating limits as x approaches positive or negative infinity. Examples include evaluating limits of functions such as ln x, 1/x, and polynomial functions over x as x approaches ±∞. 2. Key concepts covered include the definition of a limit at infinity, which describes the limiting behavior of a function as its input increases or decreases without bound. Theorems and examples demonstrate evaluating various indeterminate forms that arise from direct substitution, such as infinity/infinity, using algebraic manipulation and limits laws. 3. Examples show evaluating a variety of polynomial, radical, and other functions as x approaches ±∞ through techniques

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 15

    MAT 060/051

    Calculus I /
    The Calculus with Analytic Geometry 1

    Mathematics Department
    Mindanao State University Main Campus
    Marawi City

    October 4, 2021
    1.6 Limits at Infinity

    Consider the function defined by y = ln x, if we let x increases without


    bounds, What happen to the function y = ln x?
    This question can be rephrased as, as x becomes larger and larger, what is
    the limiting value of the function y = ln x?
    In symbol,
    lim ln x.
    x→+∞

    This kind of limit is what we call limits at infinity.


    Definition 1.55

    Let f be function which is defined at every number in some open interval


    (a, +∞). We say that f (x) has the limit L as x increases without
    bound and write
    lim f (x) = L
    x→∞
    if, for every number  > 0, there exists a corresponding number N > 0 such
    that for all x,
    |f (x) − L| <  whenever x > N.
    Definition 1.55

    Let f be function which is defined at every number in some open interval


    (−∞, a). We say that f (x) has the limit L as x decreases without
    bound and write
    lim f (x) = L
    x→−∞

    if, for every number  > 0, there exists a corresponding number N < 0 such
    that for all x
    |f (x) − L| <  whenever x < N.
    Remark 1.56

    If, as x both increases and decreases, f (x) approaches L, that is,

    lim f (x) = L = lim f (x),


    x→−∞ x→+∞

    we write
    lim f (x) = L.
    x→∞
    Theorem 1.57

    If r is a positive integer, then


    1
    a. lim r = 0,
    x→+∞ x
    1
    b. lim r = 0, and
    x→−∞ x
    1
    c. lim r = 0.
    x→∞ x
    Example 1.58

    Evaluate the following limits:


    3x2 − x
    1. lim
    x→∞ 5x2 + 4x
    3x2 − x
    Solution: By direct substitution, we obtain lim = +∞
    +∞ which is an
    x→∞ 5x2 + 4x
    indeterminate form. So divide the numerator and the denominator by x2 (i.e.
    the term in the expression with the highest degree) to get
    3x2 x 1
    3x2 − x 2
    − 2 3−
    lim = lim x 2 x = lim x
    x→∞ 5x2 + 4x x→∞ 5x 4x x→∞ 4
    + 5+
    x2 x2 x
    1
    lim 3 − lim 3−0 3
    x→∞ x
    = x→∞ = = .
    4 5+0 5
    5x3
    2. lim
    x→∞ x + 3
    5x3
    Solution: By direct substitution, we get lim =∞ ∞ . Hence, we
    x→∞ x + 3
    employ the same method. By dividing the numerator and the
    denominator by x3 , we get

    5x3
    5x 3 lim lim 5 5 5
    x→∞ x3 x→∞
    lim = = = = = ∞.
    x→∞ x + 3 x 3 1 3 0+0 0
    lim 3 + 3 lim 2 + 3
    x→∞ x x x→∞ x x
    3x + 4
    3. lim √
    x→−∞ 5x2 − 2
    −∞
    Solution: Again by direct substitution, we obtain . Thus, we divide the
    +∞
    numerator and denominator√ by x. Since we consider the negative values of x,
    we use the equality x = − x2 for the denominator. Thus, we have
    1
    3x + 4 lim (3x + 4) ·
    lim √ =
    x→−∞ x
    x→−∞ 5x2 − 2 √ 1
    lim 5x2 − 2 · √
    x→−∞ − x2
    4
    lim 3 + lim
    x→−∞ x→−∞ x
    = r
    2
    lim − 5 − 2
    x→−∞ x
    4
    lim 3 + lim 3+0
    x→−∞ x→−∞ x
    = r = √
    2 − 5−0
    − lim 5 − lim 2
    x→−∞ x→−∞ x
    3
    = √ .
    − 5
    √
    3
    4x3 + 3x
    4. lim
    x→−∞ 2x + 3
    −∞
    Solution, Again, direct substitution yields so that we divide the
    −∞
    numerator and denominator√ by x. Since the index of the numerator is odd,
    3
    we use the equality x = x3 so that we have
    √ 1
    √
    3 lim 3
    4x3 + 3x · √
    4x3+ 3x x→−∞ 3
    x3
    lim =
    x→−∞ 2x + 3 1
    lim (2x + 3) ·
    x→−∞ x
    r
    3 4x3 3x
    lim + lim
    x→−∞ x3 x→−∞ x3
    =
    2x 3
    lim + lim
    x→−∞ x x→−∞ x
    r
    3
    3 √ √
    lim 4 + lim 2 3 3
    x→−∞ x→−∞ x 4+0 4
    = = = .
    3 2+0 2
    lim 2 + lim
    x→−∞ x→−∞ x
    Exercise 1.59

    Evaluate the following limits:


     
    1
    1. lim 2x − 2
    x→∞ x
    2x − 1
    2. lim
    x→∞ 2 − 3x − 2x2
    2x2 − 5x + 3
    3. lim
    x→∞ 2 − 3x − 2x2
    2x − 1
    4. lim
    x→∞ 2 − 3x − 2x2
    x4 − 16
    5. lim
    x→+∞ 3x4 + 16

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