Virtual reality learning

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GETTING STARTED

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1 Look at the photographs and answer the questions.

Which of these ways of learning have you experienced? Collaborative learning

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2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of each of
these learning experiences?
3 How can virtual reality be used in the following industries: Blended learning
Healthcare Tourism Automotive

READING AND USE OF ENGLISH

PART 5  TRAINING
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Distance learning
1 Read the text on page 43 quickly. Which ways of
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learning are mentioned?

2 Read question 1 and the four options (A–D). It mentions

a specific name, Ted Milmorrow. Find the paragraph
that first introduces him. Then consider each option
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and answer the question. Which option, A–D, is correct?

1 How does Ted Milmorrow feel about the new technology?

A concerned that it isn’t realistic enough
B frustrated that it’s taken so long to develop
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C worried that surgeons won’t want to use it

D unsure that it will work in practice
Traditional classroom education
Option A: What is Ted doing when he says ‘Oh don’t
worry, it only looks realistic’? Is this showing concern?
Option B: When Ted talks about the latest technology, On the job training
what word is used to describe how it started? Is this
similar to the word frustrated?
Option C: What phrase does Ted use to talk about the
surgeons attitude to using the new technology? Is this the
same as worried?
Option D: What adjective does Ted use to describe the
potential of the new technology in the final sentence of
the paragraph? Is this similar to being unsure?

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© Cambridge University Press and Cambridge Assessment 2019
 A NEW LEARNING AGE
Ollie Brice investigates the influence technology is having on medicine

When Ted Milmorrow, chief medical trainer at the prestigious I’m then introduced to Tony Reed, head of the public relations
Queen’s College of Surgeons, asked if I wanted to witness open team, whose main responsibility is to promote the new technology.
heart surgery, I was less than enthusiastic. The sight of blood has ‘The hardest thing for us at the moment is convincing people that

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always made me nauseous. Ted chuckled when I expressed my using immersive technology in the development of medical
concerns. ‘Oh, don’t worry’, he smiled, ‘it only looks realistic’. training is a worthwhile cause’, he explains. I can easily see how
He then stopped smiling and explained that, following an this might prove challenging, given the fact that there is line 36

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irritatingly slow start, the health industry is testing the latest in considerable nervousness when it comes to change, especially
technological devices to transform training for medical staff, a when the change in question has the potential to affect people’s
much needed development, he says. ‘Surgeons need practical as lives. But then again, why shouldn’t healthcare take advantage of
well as theoretical training and are passionate about using the the latest in technological breakthroughs, much like the financial

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technology, which has the potential to provide invaluable hands- and automotive industries have done?
on experience, without the need to practise on patients.’ I then discover that it isn’t all as new as I’d originally thought.
One of the devices Queen’s College of Surgeons is hoping to take Carol Brigsea, a leading surgeon and forward thinker in medical
advantage of is mixed reality headsets. These show three- training techniques, has already taught her trainees by live-
dimensional images which surround the user so that they are streaming an operation using a similar technological device. More
completely involved in the experience. Providing all goes as recently, her undergraduates witnessed the first 360-degree online

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planned, the aim of this immersive technology is for the headset to video of an operation. Her vision has, for some time, been to shake
create holograms, which are so realistic that students are able to up surgical training and substitute traditional approaches, where
practise surgical procedures in real time. If holograms can be used, students in the operating theatre can barely see surgical
then there wouldn’t be any further need for cadavers – the dead procedures, with these new types of learning methods.
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bodies typically used for this area of medical training. The learning It remains to be seen whether teachers teaching lessons in
experience will be further boosted by the development of devices traditional classrooms will be completely replaced or not.
which let the wearers experience other senses, such as touch. However, attitudes towards conventional teaching methods
After a tour of this stunning institution, I was introduced to a appear to be changing. I come away with the feeling that immersive
headset-wearing trainee who was clearly enjoying the experience. technologies, like the 3D headset, will undoubtedly enhance
‘It’s incredible and far more realistic than I’d ever imagined.’ It’s learning beyond anything being experienced currently. It was
obvious the student looks up to Ted, whose commitment to the tentatively suggested they might even be able to explore entire
project is inspiring. Ted and I take a seat, and he reminds me that brains in the not-too-distant future, which would support research
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this really is quite momentous. ‘It’s huge, if you stop and think into things like dementia. The educational possibilities do seem
about it.’ Having seen it in action, I can’t help but agree with him. endless, however, and not solely in the field of medicine.
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3 Now read the rest of the article and answer questions 2–6.

2 What is the purpose of using mixed reality headsets? 5 Carol Brigsea’s idea of the future is that
A to increase the number of procedures that students observe A operations will regularly be shown online.
B to improve the speed of operations B medical education will be completely reorganised.
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C to replace a traditional teaching tool C traditional teaching methods will be replaced.

D to allow learners to touch objects D students will see medical operations on bodies.
3 In the third paragraph, the writer admires 6 What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A the range of facilities in the college. A Teachers will be encouraged to use more
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B the student’s enthusiasm towards the headset. technology.

C the willingness of the college to undertake a big project. B Medical students may no longer need face-to-face
D Ted’s strong belief in the work he’s doing. lessons.
4 What does this refer to in line 36? C Doctors could discover more about a major organ.
A convincing people D New technologies will change learning
B immersive technology environments.
C the development of medical training
D a worthwhile cause

4 Work in groups and answer the questions.

1 Would you feel confident being operated on by a surgeon trained using a 3D headset?
2 In which other areas could this type of technology be used to improve learning?
3 Is virtual reality a useful way of learning or just a form of entertainment?
4 Do you agree there’ll soon be no need for face-to-face teaching?
UNIT 3 BEYOND THE CLASSROOM 43
© Cambridge University Press and Cambridge Assessment 2019
 GRAMMAR 3 Find and correct the mistakes in the first or second
conditional sentences.

1ST AND 2ND CONDITIONAL 1 If I listen to music, it would distract me from my studies.
2 If the research was underfunded, I think it’ll be criticised by
the academic world.
GRAMMAR ON THE MOVE
3 If no formal training is given, I’ll tried and get on an
Watch the video
apprenticeship scheme.
4 I’ll become a fully qualified electrical engineer if I could
1 Read the sentences (A–D) and answer the pass the final exam.
questions. 5 I’ll become rich and famous if I will manage to start selling
my artwork.

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A If you go to university, it’ll help you get a job. 6 If the lessons were more interesting, I’d studying a bit harder.
B I’d help you if I could, but it’s just not my area
of expertise. 4 Match the sentence halves (1–5) with the most suitable

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C If I were you, I’d spend less time out with your endings (A–E).
friends and more time studying.
1 Unless I can find some online tuition,
D If I come up with an effective study plan, I’ll get the
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grades I need. As long as I can afford the university fees,
3 As soon as I’ve retaken my driving test and passed,
1 Which refer to something that is possible? 4 Provided I graduate with a good degree,
2 Which refer to something that is unlikely or 5 Assuming I can find a workplace apprenticeship,
impossible?
A I’ll be able to find a job in my chosen field.

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GRAMMAR REFERENCE / Zero, 1st and 2nd
conditionals: Page 210 B I won’t go on to tertiary education after secondary school.
C I won’t be able to learn the basics at home.
2 Complete the first and second conditional D I won’t need to apply for a scholarship.
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sentences with a verb from the box in the E I’ll hold a licence and won’t need an instructor.
correct form.
5 Work with a partner and answer the questions.
lose graduate teach 1 If you could study anywhere in the world, where would you
retake support drop out go and why?
2 If you could be taught by anyone famous, who would it be
1 If I don’t pass my exam, I my scholarship. and what would they teach you?
2 Even if things were tough, I of university. 3 If you pass the B2 First exam, how will you celebrate?
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3 I you guitar if I were good enough. 4 If you won 10 million euros, how would you spend it?
4 If all goes to plan, I from university
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next year.
5 I my exam next year if I fail.
6 If you were stressed about the test, I you.
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PUSH YOURSELF C1
OTHER CONDITIONAL STRUCTURES
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1 Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use a maximum of five words,
including the word in brackets.

1 If you decide to go to university, I believe your opportunities will improve.

to go to university, I believe your opportunities will improve. (SHOULD)
2 Were the government to reduce education spending, fewer students would be able to attend university.
education spending, fewer students would be able to attend university. (IF)
3 Should you fail to get 70% or over in maths and science, you won’t be accepted on that course.
You won’t be accepted on that course 70% or over in maths and science. (UNLESS)
4 If you got that scholarship, you could do your PhD next year.
that scholarship, you could do your PhD next year. (WERE)
5 If she passes the first round, she’ll move on to a second interview.
the first round, she’ll move on to a second interview. (SHOULD)
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© Cambridge University Press and Cambridge Assessment 2019
 VOCABULARY 2 Work with a partner and answer the questions.
Ask follow-up questions.

EDUCATION AND STUDY Have you ever …

• had to resit an exam?
1 Read the sentences and match the words and • had to cram for an exam?
phrases in bold with the correct definitions (A–H). • attended a graduation ceremony?
1 I don’t think I’ll attend my graduation ceremony – • read or written a study or a dissertation on a particular
they can just send me my diploma by post. subject?
2 I can’t believe I’ve won a scholarship! I don’t think
I would be able to afford the fees otherwise. P CONSONANT GROUPS AT THE BEGINNING OF WORDS
3 The class is taking place in the lecture theatre

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behind the sports field. Sometimes learners add a sound before a consonant group
4 I’ve only got five hundred words of my dissertation or in the middle of it, which can create a different word.

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left to write.
5 We’ve had a look around the university campus.
The facilities are really impressive. 3 019 Listen and choose the correct sentence
6 My professor has carried out a study on the benefits you hear.

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of experiential learning.
1 Where’s the dress? / Where’s the address?
7 I’m going to have to cram for my final exam. It’s in
2 That’s a slow car. / That’s a low car.
two days and I haven’t even started revising yet.
3 I liked the sport. / I liked the support.
8 If I don’t pass this exam, I will have to resit it next year.
4 I had an ice cream. / I had a nicer cream.
A

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to study a lot in a short period of time 5 There’s a spot over there. / There’s a pot over there.
B a celebration for when you finish your studies
C a long piece of writing on a particular subject
DID YOU KNOW?
D to receive money from a university to pay for your fees
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In the UK, the place where people study for an undergraduate
E a room or hall at university where you listen to
degree is called a university. In the USA, it is known as a college.
someone speak
F the buildings and land of a university
G to take an exam again
H a piece of academic research
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UNIT 3 BEYOND THE CLASSROOM 45

© Cambridge University Press and Cambridge Assessment 2019
 WRITING
UNDERSTANDING HOW YOU’RE ASSESSED Candidate’s answer
IN THE B2 FIRST WRITING EXAM Dear Mrs Jones,
1 Decide if the following statements are true or false. If you don’t like watching television,
I would certainly recommend it to help
1 My writing is assessed only on how accurate my
grammar and vocabulary are. improve your English. Moreover, you can
2 It doesn’t matter if I haven’t answered all the points in watch shows with English subtitles which
the question, as long as I write the correct number will also help you with difficult words
of words. and phrases. My mum actually bought a

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3 How I organise my answer is important and I will lose new television last week, which is great.
marks if there are not clear links between the
With reference to practice, I would

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sentences and paragraphs.
4 It doesn’t matter if I write in a formal or informal style definitely suggest sign up to language
as long as the language is correct and I answer the learning websites. They give you the
question. chance to practice your listening skills

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through webiners and check your written
2 Match the four assessment criteria (1–4) with the
work with native speakers and practise
descriptions (A–D).
your reading skills with daily articles.
1 Content A friend of mine has been doing this for
2 Communicative achievement the past two months and she loves it!
3
4
Organisation
Language

A how accurate and appropriate the language is, N Let me know how you get on. It’s great to
hear from you and I’d be more than happy
to give you some advise.
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for example, correct use of tenses, complex
sentence structures, correct choice of vocabulary Yours sincerely,
and correct spelling
Marcello Pinotti
B how logically the writing is presented and structured,
for example, the correct use of paragraphs and having
an appropriate beginning, middle and end
C how effective the writing style is for the task, for
4 What areas does Marcello need to work on? Work in
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example if it is formal or informal

D how fully the question has been answered, for pairs and rewrite the letter, making the
example, the correct number of words and writing improvements you’ve identified.
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about what the question has asked

5 Now individually, answer the following question.
3 Look at the following Part 2 task and the candidate’s You have received an email from your English-speaking
answer. For each of the four criteria in exercise 2, friend, Adele.
find at least one example in the candidate’s writing
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which could be improved. Hi!

You have received an email from your friend, Annie Jones: I’ve recently started an English course and we’re
doing a project about learning a foreign language.
I want to improve my English skills but I don’t know I know you said you’ve been studying English and
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how. I remember you said you’d been studying so could you help me? What’s the most difficult
English so could you give me some advice? What thing about learning English and what’s the
if I watched more TV? And, how about practice? easiest? What’s the best way to improve your
I’m not sure I’m doing enough of that. It’ll be great speaking skills? Anyway, it’ll be great to hear your
to hear your ideas and don’t forget to let me know experiences and don’t forget to let me know how
how your studies are going. your studies are going.

Write your email. You should write 140–190 words. Write your email. You should write 140–190 words.

6 Assess your writing and then assess your partner’s

writing. Give them some advice on two things they
could improve.

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© Cambridge University Press and Cambridge Assessment 2019
 LISTENING PART 1  TRAINING VOCABULARY
1 Answer the questions. IDIOMS AND PHRASAL VERBS
1 What complaints might a student have about a 1 Read what two students have said about their
classmate or a teacher?
studies. Are you similar to Phil or Ingrid? Why?
2 What’s the difference between complaining to someone
and complaining about someone?
Phil
2 Read the extract and choose the correct option, A, B or
So, I took my final English exam last week
C. Why are the other two options incorrect? Underline and I passed with flying colours.. As you

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the words and phrases that helped you decide. can imagine, I’m over the moon!! It wasn’t
easy though. I did have to pull a few
You will hear two friends talking about university life.
all-nighters,, especially the week before
Who is Adira complaining about?

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the exam. I spent that week reading a
A a classmate B a lecturer C a tutor book on English grammar and trying to
learn all the tenses by heart.. It’s a bit of
Veronica: Hey Adira, how did it go?
an old-school method, I know, but I

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Adira: Not good. I just couldn’t follow her ideas. found it really useful.
Veronica: Why not?
Adira: Well, it’s not just me; the other students on the
course didn’t understand her either. I know Ingrid
she’s supposed to be an expert in her field,
and she’s carried out loads of research, but I loved my time at school. My friends would

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nevertheless… say that I was a bookworm because I’d
Veronica: Have you spoken to your tutor about her?
spend all my free time reading. That didn’t
stop them from stealing my answers in
Adira: Yes, I told her I wasn’t happy, and she was
class, though. They were such copycats!
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helpful. She gave me some useful websites, The teacher said some of my project
where I could look the subject up online, and work really stood out from the others.
suggested that might help me understand more I wouldn’t say I was the teacher’s pet
clearly. I’m going to try it. or anything, but I loved all of my lessons
and often went the extra mile on
3 Now listen. For questions 1–3, choose the best homework assignments.
answer (A, B or C).

1 020 You will hear two colleagues talking at work. 2 In pairs, choose either Ingrid or Phil and, using the
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What does Frank recommend? context to help you, write down what you think the
A a course that is partly online and partly in the phrases in bold mean. Then, change partners and
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classroom
see if you agree.
B a traditional course in a classroom
C a course that is completely online 3 Complete the questions with the idioms in Exercise 1,
2 021 You will hear two students talking about a using the correct form. There may be more than one
university that they are thinking of going to. What do possible answer.
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they both say about it?

1 Have you ever had to before an important
A The accommodation isn’t in a convenient location.
exam or deadline?
B The university buildings are outdated.
2 Would you ever send out paper invitations for a party
C The courses are too expensive. or is that a bit  ?
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3 022 You will hear a man talking to his friend on the 3 When was the last time you went for
phone. Why is he phoning? someone?
A to describe a problem 4 Have you ever passed an exam  ?
B to get some advice 5 Would you describe yourself or anyone you know as a
C to confirm an arrangement  ?
6 Have you or anyone you know completed a piece of
work that from all the rest?

4 Work in pairs and answer the questions in Exercise 3.

5 Write a paragraph to describe your experiences of

studying. Use at least five of the idioms. Then, share
your paragraph with your partner. How similar or
different are they?

UNIT 3 BEYOND THE CLASSROOM 47

© Cambridge University Press and Cambridge Assessment 2019
 GRAMMAR 3 Find and correct the five mistakes in the conversation
between two lecturers.

GIVING ADVICE Isabella: I’m trying to organise an overseas trip for our
final year students but I’ve run into a few
problems. Would you mind helping me out?
GRAMMAR ON THE MOVE
Martin: Not at all.
Watch the video
Isabella: Well, first, I can’t decide where the best place to
go is.
1 Complete the sentences with the words and Martin: Why not to create a poll and list 10 places for
phrases in the box. people to vote for and choose the most popular?
Isabella: Good idea! Provided I can work out the

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might want/like make sure ought to technology, I could easily set that up. Do you
recommend would could try have any ideas about finding the best
accommodation?

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1 You find someone in the same field. Martin: You ought look at a few comparison websites.
They’ll be able to give you lots of advice. They’ll have lots of reviews as well as offers for
2 you take notes during the lecture. You’ll need large groups. Although on second thoughts,

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them after to write your essay. made sure you don’t book the hotel before asking
the students first. Furthermore, you better ask the
3 I suggest talking to a number of people
students about how much they want to spend,
who’ve already taken the exam.
otherwise they might not be able to afford it!
4 You to check with your tutor before
Isabella: Thanks Martin! Should you thinking about a
submitting the completed coursework online.
career as a travel agent.
5

6
I’d

You
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using a monolingual dictionary when
studying English.
enrolling on a blended-learning course
which combines classroom and online study.
4 Work in pairs. Read the issues that some students are
having and then role play giving advice.
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Josh
GRAMMAR REFERENCE / Giving advice: Page 211 I’m a student at university and I don’t have
enough money to go out with my friends at
the weekend.
2 Rewrite the sentences using the phrases in bold so
that they have the same meaning. Tiffany
I’m in my final year at school and I’m really
1 How about using a spell checker on your report? struggling to revise for my English language
might want to exam. I just don’t know how to study effectively
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when I’m outside of the class.

2 I’d recommend specialising in a particular field of
Erin
education. I’ve left home to study abroad and I’m finding it
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ought to hard to adapt to the new culture. Everything’s

just so different. I know it’s a great opportunity
but I’m terribly homesick.
3 It’s important that you check with your lecturer first.
had better Kim
I’ve got to hand my assignment in next week and
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I just don’t know how I’m going to get it finished

4 You really shouldn’t miss the cut-off date for your
on time. I can’t afford to miss the deadline as
coursework submission.
it’ll affect my grades which are already on the
whatever you do low side.
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5 We might want to highlight the effect of using virtual

reality in the classroom.
What if

GRAMMAR REFERENCE / Giving advice: common

mistakes: Page 211

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© Cambridge University Press and Cambridge Assessment 2019
 SPEAKING PART 3 5 023 Listen again and decide who says each of the
 TRAINING
phrases to agree and disagree (1–6). Write F (Faye) or
R (Ryan) next to each phrase.
1 Read the following three case studies and give
advice on the most suitable type of course or 1 I’m not sure I’m in complete agreement.
training from the options in the box. 2 Yes, I take your point.
3 I couldn’t agree more.
Volunteering On-the-job training 4 I think you’re absolutely right about that.
Distance learning Traditional education 5 I agree up to a point.
Apprenticeship 6 I’d go along with that.

024 Now Faye and Ryan must decide which they

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6

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MANUELA works full-time for an
accountancy company as an think is the best way for a mature student to learn.
administrative assistant. She wants to Listen and answer the questions.

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study to become a qualified 1 What phrase is used to indicate they’re making a
accountant. Although she can’t afford decision?
to give up work and study full-time,
2 What phrase is used to refer to what’s already
her employer is really supportive.

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been said?
3 How do they agree or disagree?

2
BELLA is passionate about learning.
She has just graduated from 7 Work with a partner and answer the question. Use
university and passed all her exams the options and decide which is the most important.
with flying colours. She’s been trying

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to get a job in the education sector, Is it important for people to learn a foreign language?
but fears her lack of experience is
travel work making new friends
holding her back. She’s working part-time in a café
culture studying abroad
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and shares a flat with two others. She recently spent
six months in Africa helping to build a new school for
the local children.

SPEAKING PART 4  TRAINING

3
IAN is retired. He is bored at home
and is in need of a challenge. He
didn’t like school much but realises 8 Work in pairs and talk about the sentences (1–5).
things have changed since he was Student A must argue in favour and Student B
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there. He loves technology and must argue against.

enjoys developing new skills. He
1 Learning a second language is unnecessary in
wants to learn to play the guitar.
today’s world.
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2 The only way to learn a language effectively is in the

2 Read the short dialogue between Faye and Ryan. classroom with a teacher.
Which one of the five options in the box in Exercise 1 3 It’s impossible to get a good job if you don’t go to
are they discussing? university.
4 It should be compulsory for all students to wear a
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Faye: Shall we start with this one? I think it would be school uniform.
suitable for someone who’s quite self-
5 It doesn’t matter if some languages are allowed to
motivated and who doesn’t need much face-
die out.
to-face interaction. Perhaps they’ve finished
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tertiary education. What do you think? 9 Change partners. Take it in turns to ask and answer
Ryan: Yes, that’s a good point and I’d add that it the Speaking Part 4 questions (1–5).
would probably benefit someone who needs
some flexibility; perhaps they have to look 1 Some people believe that it isn’t necessary to learn a
after their children and would prefer to study second language in today’s world. What do you think?
from home. Ok, I think we’ve covered that 2 Is it true that the best way to learn a language is in a
one. Shall we move onto the next one? class with a teacher? Why? / Why not?
3 Do you think it’s possible to get a good job if you don’t
3 Underline the two phrases in Exercise 2 used to say go to university? Why? / Why not?
an option is about to be discussed and circle the 4 Do you agree that all students should wear a school
phrase Ryan uses to agree with Faye. uniform? Why? / Why not?
5 Some people argue that it doesn’t matter if some
4 023 Listen to the rest of the conversation and put
languages are allowed to die out. What’s your view?
the four remaining options in the order they are
discussed.

UNIT 3 BEYOND THE CLASSROOM 49

© Cambridge University Press and Cambridge Assessment 2019
 EXAM FOCUS
READING AND USE OF ENGLISH PART 5
You are going to read an article about becoming a teacher. For questions 1–6 choose the answer (A, B, C or D)
which you think best fits according to the text.

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Teaching young learners

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Reporter Lauren Hobbs reveals the barriers to training Early Years Teachers
Before becoming a journalist, I was a nursery school teacher. My decision to quit wasn’t to do with
the actual teaching itself, rather the poor pay and working conditions. It came as no surprise to my

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editor then, that after reading the worrying findings from a detailed study undertaken by children’s
charity Education for Children, in collaboration with Young Learners, a fortnightly publication
specialising in education for the under 5s, I was keen to find out more about the barriers to taking
on and becoming a qualified Early Years Teacher, or EYT for short.
For the majority of employers who responded to the study, the main issue when employing an

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Early Years Teacher for the under 5s is the high cost of their salaries. I don’t want to make them
sound profit driven. They weren’t. From their responses, it was obvious that they felt disappointed
at being unable to offer wages which were comparable to those who had a graduate qualification.
As one institution pointed out, ‘the government wants to raise standards of pre-school education
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with graduate level staff, which is admirable, but I simply don’t have the funds to pay the salaries
they expect. It’s very frustrating.’ For the candidates who responded, there was a lack of interest
in completing several years of training to obtain a qualification in an area which was poorly paid
and with limited career progression, even though they understood the need to improve teaching
standards. All of which I could relate to from my own pre-journalism experiences.
I interviewed Charlotte Raymond, policy advisor at Educate the Children, and posed the question,
‘why does the government bother to encourage graduate entry when the pay simply isn’t
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available?’ She was at a loss. ‘When children attend a nursery led by an EYT, they are 10 percent line 20
more likely to reach expected levels of development at age 5. Yet, there is a continued reduction
in the numbers completing the training. I simply don’t get why graduate teachers aren’t paid what
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they are worth. It goes against everything we are all trying to achieve.’
One senior teacher explained that, although the qualification is not recognised by all elementary
schools, they were not dissatisfied with the training, as they felt they were more fully prepared to
enter the world of teaching. It gave those with the qualification the specialised knowledge to pass
on the skills they had learnt, to help both children and teachers in the classroom, which might not
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have been possible if they hadn’t attended.

Even with these benefits, however, many elementary schools felt they were prevented from giving
jobs to those holding a qualification because they couldn’t afford the cost. The majority of school
managers without qualified teachers did, though, give their support to members of staff who
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wanted to pay for the training themselves, whereby they would allow time off to be taken for work line 32
placements in which teachers could develop their skills further. Of managers who did employ fully
trained teachers, more than half employed a graduate because of their specialist knowledge in the
field of early years development.
In excess of 350 people in the field of education shared their experiences of the barriers to
university graduates entering the workforce. Clearly pre-schools and teaching staff, whether
qualified or not, want to offer the best education possible. However, although it’s been over
ten years since I was where these teachers are now, the challenges are not dissimilar from those
I faced, which sadly drove me from a career I had truly wanted to succeed in. While the sector is
passionate about having teachers with the necessary qualifications and university education,
it appears to be struggling to overcome the issues caused by lack of funding and status.
And unfortunately, I can’t see this changing any time soon.

50
© Cambridge University Press and Cambridge Assessment 2019
 EXAM FACTS EXAM TIPS
• For this task, you read a long text and choose the correct • Read the text quickly to get a better idea of what it’s about.
answer (A, B, C or D) for six questions.
• Underline the words, phrases or sentences that you think
• The questions are presented in the same order as the contain the answer to each question.
information in the text.
• The reference question may refer to a word or phrase
before or after the pronoun, so check the information
either side of it.

1 According to the first paragraph, research was carried 4 When discussing training to become an EYT, one senior
out by teacher suggests

T
A a charitable organisation. A teachers can support colleagues following training.
B organisations working together. B teachers are not happy with the training.

N
C a magazine published twice a month. C more schools should accept the certification.
D a group of Early Years Teachers. D the course is not suitable for all teachers.
2 What is the writer’s attitude towards the employers in the 5 Who does they refer to in line 32?
second paragraph? A government officials

TE
A annoyed that employers don’t pay pre-school teachers B the majority of school managers
higher wages C qualified teachers
B regretful that employers don’t offer teachers D members of staff
development opportunities 6 What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
C sympathetic to employers and the reasons they A The writer interviewed a significant number of teachers

N
underpay qualified teachers and institutions.
D respectful towards employees who want to provide B Nursery schools want to employ qualified teachers.
higher quality lessons
C The writer regrets giving up the job she loved.
3
CO
What is the purpose of the phrase at a loss in line 20?
D Nursery schools are unable to resolve the problems of
A to indicate that Charlotte doesn’t believe nursery poor pay.
schools are paying teachers enough
B to highlight that Charlotte doesn’t understand why
graduate numbers are going down
C to emphasise that Charlotte doesn’t know how to
answer the question
D to show that Charlotte doesn’t think the question needs
E

to be answered
PL
M
SA

UNIT 3 BEYOND THE CLASSROOM 51

© Cambridge University Press and Cambridge Assessment 2019
 EXAM FOCUS
LISTENING PART 1
EXAM FACTS EXAM TIPS

T
• You will listen to eight short recordings of one or two • Each question is formed of two parts. The first part tells you who
people speaking. is talking and what they are talking about. The second part asks
a question that you must answer or starts a sentence which you
• You must choose the correct answer (A, B, or C) for
have to complete. Read the question carefully before listening

N
each of the eight questions.
and underline the key words.
• You will hear each recording twice. Try to answer the question
after the first listening and then check your answer during the
second listening.

TE
025 You will hear people talking in eight different situations. For questions 1–8, choose the best answer (A, B or C).

1 You overhear two friends talking in a corridor. What did the 5 You hear two friends talking at a graduation ceremony.
man find difficult when he was studying Arabic? Why didn’t the woman want to attend?
A the grammar
B the writing
C the pronunciation
N A She didn’t enjoy her time at university.
B Her family aren’t there.
C She doesn’t enjoy parties.
CO
2 You hear a student talking about his future plans. What is he 6 You hear a woman talking on the phone to her son.
going to do when he leaves university? What does she suggest?
A get a job as a teacher A he works harder at school
B do voluntary work B he spends time with his friends
C study to become a psychologist C he starts his next assignment
3 You hear a man and a woman discussing the qualities of a 7 You hear a man talking on the radio about his job.
traditional education. What does the woman think? What disappoints him about being a lecturer?
A Learning doesn’t stop once children have left school. A the marking
E

B Children learn from a traditional education how to B the salary

become good citizens. C the long hours
C A traditional education provides more career 8
PL

You hear a teacher talking about a colleague at work.

opportunities. What does she admire most about her colleague?
4 You hear two students talking about one of their university A His lessons are interesting.
courses. What do they agree about? B He gets enjoyment from teaching.
A how boring it is C He treats students equally.
B how difficult it is
M

C how relevant it is
SA

52
© Cambridge University Press and Cambridge Assessment 2019
 SPEAKING PART 3 AND 4

EXAM FACTS EXAM TIPS

• In Part 3, you are given a discussion question with • In Part 3, it’s not necessary to cover all five prompts.
five prompts. You must talk to your partner (the other The main focus is to discuss the question with the other
candidate) and answer the question, using the prompts. candidate and keep the conversation going. Make sure
After you’ve discussed your ideas, the examiner will to listen and respond to what they say – don’t just wait to
then ask you both a question with the aim of reaching a give your own ideas.
decision.
• You will not be penalised if you fail to reach an
• In Part 4, the examiner will ask you both more general agreement with the other candidate at the end of Part 3.

T
questions about the topic presented in Part 3. The
• In Part 4, try to give full answers to the questions the
questions will focus more on giving an opinion than on
examiner asks you. You are assessed on the language you
giving personal information.
use and not on your opinions or ideas. You may be asked

N
questions individually or be asked to discuss questions
with your partner.

PART 3

TE
Class size Location

Teachers

N
Is it a good idea for students to
CO
study English in a language school
in an English-speaking country?

Curriculum
Cost
E

SPEAKING BANK / Pages 250–251

PL

PART 4
1 Would you like to study a language in another country? (Why? / Why not?)
2 Some people think that everyone should learn at least two languages. What do you think?
3 Is it better to speak one language really well or to be able to say a few things in several languages? Why?
M

4 Do you think school uniforms are a good idea? (Why / Why not?)

SPEAKING BANK / Pages 252–253

SA

UNIT 3 BEYOND THE CLASSROOM 53

© Cambridge University Press and Cambridge Assessment 2019
 EDUCATING YOURSELF IN …
TORONTO

T
N
1 What’s the most interesting course you’ve ever
taken? What did you learn?

TE
2 Read about four courses (A–D) that you can take
in Toronto. Rank them in order from 1 (the class
you’d most like to take) to 4 (the class you’d
least like to take). Then compare your ideas
with a partner.

A N
CO
E

Have you got what it takes to fly a commercial jet?

Then sign up to our flight simulator course.
Experience what it’s like to be a pilot without any of
PL

the danger that comes with it. You will master the
take-off and landing as well as learn how to deal with
difficult situations such as turbulence and poor
weather conditions.
M

B
Ever wanted to know how to prepare one of
the most famous dishes in the world? Learn to
make your own sushi with our highly-trained,
C
SA

vastly-experienced sushi chefs, who will teach

you everything you need to know about this delicate
dish. From choosing the perfect flavours to making
dishes look authentic,
you are sure to
impress your friends
with your new Using a cross between a ski boot and a mini
culinary skills. trampoline, Kangoo jumping is sure to give you
a great workout. Originally developed for
athletes, runners and joggers, it ensures a safer,
easier way of exercising, giving you a unique
feeling of walking on air while getting in shape
at the same time.

54
© Cambridge University Press and Cambridge Assessment 2019
 3 Find the words and phrases in the texts which mean 7 Sometimes people use colloquial expressions when
the following. talking about school and education. Match the
phrases people might hear (1–6) with the phrases
1 to join (a new course) (Text A)
(A–F) which have a similar meaning.
2 to learn something really well (Text A)
3 real / not fake (Text B)
PHRASES YOU MIGHT HEAR
4 to make someone admire or respect you (Text B)
1 The course is fully booked now, I’m afraid.
5 a period of physical exercise (Text C)
2 You’ll still be charged the full amount if you drop out
6 like no other (Text C)
at any point.
7 to take a picture of something (Text D)
3 If you’re into cooking, this course is for you.
8 appropriate for (Text D)
4 Just pop your name down on this list.

T
4 026 Listen to a student talking to a teacher about a 5 Bear with me one moment, I’ll check.
course. Correct the information in the brochure below. 6 Would you mind giving me a hand?

N
A You still need to pay in full if you decide to leave the
CODING FOR BEGINNERS
course early.
Start date: March 15th (4-week intensive programme)
B Please wait a minute while I find out.
Course details

TE
C Could you help me?
• Introduction to coding
D This course is ideal for people who enjoy cooking.
• Learning to build a basic app
E Write your name here.
• Introduction to Python (compulsory)
F There aren’t any places left on the course.
Location: Room 40A
Price: $315 (price includes lunch)

N
8 Watch the video about Toronto. What do you learn
Exam: Yes
about these things? Make notes.
Accredited by the school
• The city of Toronto
CO
5 026 Listen again and complete the gaps with the • Famous landmarks
words the student uses. You can use these questions • Education
to ask about a course.

PHRASES YOU MIGHT USE

1 What is the of the course? WATCH
2 What are included in the course?
E

3 Where are the classes  ?

4 How much does it cost to  ?
5 Is there an exam?
PL

6 Will I receive a at the end of the course?

6 Some people believe that coding is the most

important subject at school. Do you agree? Why? /
Why not?
M

D
Whether it’s a
delicious meal
LIFE COMPETENCIES
SA

you’ve just prepared,

a beautiful view ROLE
you’ve come across or EVALUATING IDEAS, TAKING AN ACTIVE
a family gathering 9 Read the descriptions of the two people below.
you’re enjoying, we’ll Go online and find a course you think they would
teach you the skills you be interested in. Make notes about why the course
need to capture these
you have chosen is suitable for them. Then work in
perfect moments. We’ll
groups and share your ideas.
start with the basics,
teaching you the importance of light when taking 1 Davide wants to learn how to code. He doesn’t have
photos and what to look for when buying a camera, much money and would prefer a self-study course.
before moving on to taking more dynamic, 2 Julia has just won the lottery. She has left her job
professional looking photos. Suitable for all ages and now wants to learn how to cook from a famous
and levels. chef. She is happy to travel anywhere in the world.

UNIT 3 BEYOND THE CLASSROOM 55

© Cambridge University Press and Cambridge Assessment 2019