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International Journal of Computer Science and Innovation
Vol. 2015, no. 1, pp. 7-18
ISSN: 2458-6528
Copyright © Infinity Sciences

Taxonomy of Automated Software Testing Tools

Kamran Shaukat, Usman Shaukat, Faran Feroz, Shahraiz Kayani, Ali Akbar
Department of Information Technology, University of the Punjab, Jhelum Campus
Email: [email protected]

Abstract- Several researches have been done already on software testing tools but there are no specific standards. It
is very important to classify these tools in order to make correct choice among them. Without classifying them the
functionality of these tools can’t be understood. So in this paper, we are proposing and doing survey of the
taxonomy of different testing tools and further more doing the comparison of these tools. Since there exists manual
testing tools also but we are focusing on the just automated testing tools that are web based as well as application
based. The comparison of various tools that are management, loading and functional have been done on the basis
of their attributes such as Operating system support, Programming language support, Browser support, License
and etc.
Keywords: Software testing tools; Taxonomy; Survey.
I. INTRODUCTION

The quality of a software product can be checked or evaluated based on the testing procedures that the product or
software undergone. Basically testing [1] is an ongoing activity that is related with any process to produce a quality or
working product. According to IEEE, Testing is the process of evaluating a system of system component by manual or
automated means to verify that it satisfies required requirements [1]. So it is used to check the status of the working product
after and during the software build. Software testing is also used to detect and identify the defects that the software may
have. It is one of the vital parts of software development life cycle (SDLC).
Software testing can be done either by using automated or manual testing. By testing software through automated
means is the best way to test the software. This testing of software is useful when repeated test scripts [1] are required or
where the test scripts subroutine are generated. The one of the most important advantage of automation testing is its
execution speed. On the other hand, manual testing requires testing manually which needs more time, more chances of
error and is no more useful. Hence all issues of manual testing can be fixed using automation testing.
This paper demonstrates the taxonomy of different automated testing tools comprising of Functional, Management and
Loading testing.

II. PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE

The purpose of our research is to conduct a survey and comparative study of the different testing tools available
in market to ensure the quality of software products which will help the professional in order to fulfill the business needs
and requirements.
Keeping in this mind, there exist many differences and similarities between these testing tools that have been
compared based on their different attributes like Operating system, Language, license supports etc. Since many
researches already have been done but we are interested to present taxonomy of different testing tools and performing
their comparison. The main objective of software testing is discussed below.

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 What are the challenges, an organization may face to use these testing tools to test the software.
 To describe the taxonomy of these tool.
 To find out defects that the software may encounter.
 To prevent these defects.
 To ensure that it meets the quality requirements.
 To ensure that it work properly.

III. LIMITATIONS

The scope of this research is to represent the taxonomy of different testing tools and then performing a
comparative study of these tools. But this research is limited to some extent. During this research interviews will not
conducted. To verify the performance of tools, test will not be conducted. Our field is restricted to software testing only.
Full details of the testing tool is not described, but is some extent that someone understand the basic functionality of tool
easily. Results are generated from the data received from different companies. Furthermore experiments results are not
doing in this research.

IV. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

This section will describe the basic and most commonly used terminology that are essential for any software
testing that how will they work, their functionality, their role and their importance in software testing such that reader
could easily understand them. The terms that are needed to discuss here before making the taxonomy and performing the
comparison of these testing tools includes Black box testing, White box testing, Gray box testing, Automated and
Manual testing, Commercial, Open source and Commercial trial.
Black box testing is the testing that has no concern with the internal details or structure of a software product.
The testing strategies not found all the errors occurred in software efficiently so this testing is used to resolve this
problem. This testing is concern with the functionality of the software product that it’s working properly or not. White
box testing is the testing strategy used to test the software and is concern with the internal structure or details of the
software product. This testing is also called “Glass Box Testing” [1]. This testing ensures that the expected results meet
with the actual results. Here the person who performing the test takes the test input from the program logic. By this
testing, one can find out the hidden errors that are encounter by the software. Gray box testing is the testing strategy that
consists of the combination of both white and black box testing. Here white box testing refers to the internal structure
and black box refers not with the internal structure of the application. It is sometime useful when little bit internal
information is available but not in detail.

Figure 1: Taxonomy of Software Testing

.
Software testing can be divided into automated and manual testing. These testing are used to find out the
defects of the software. Automated testing means to test the software product using the automation. This testing is
consider to be the vital part of testing software because of its benefits like execution speed of test cases, efficiency,
reliability etc. More over this testing is time saving and not expensive because of the repeated test cases during
development of software. In manual testing, human interaction is required to test the software. This testing is time

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consuming and much effort and expenses are required to test the test cases again and again during development cycle of
software. There are open and commercial testing tool available that we are discussed in our research. Open source tools
are those that are freely available and are easily downloadable and install on the PC to do the test of web and desktop
applications for example selenium. While Commercial source tools are those that are not available freely and require
payments in order to use them for example Quick Test Professional. There are some other tools available that are
commercial trial which mean that they are available freely to use during the trial and after completion of these tool trial,
money is required to use it.

V. EVOLUTION OF AUTOMATION TESTING TOOL

Mohd Ehmer Khan described the different strategies for software testing tools that can be used to efficiently
test the software like correctness, performance, Reliability and security testing which are classified by purpose and are
classified into [4]. Manjit Kaur performed the comparison on automated tools such as QTP and TC. QT Pro and
Automated QA Test Complete has been compared based on features including generating scripts, playing-back them,
speed and cost [8]. Test Complete is easy to use and has a good impact for those applications that requires less security
and similarly QTP has good impact for those applications where security is of more concern.
Sanjeev Dhawan performed automated testing of web based applications through QTP and FSM Professional.
Model based testing refers generating test cases automatically. It is based on test generations, test strategies and
techniques. Hewlett Packard QT Pro performs functional and regression testing. Another model based FSM technique
with nodes describing System under Test (SUT) state and arc describing SUT actions. It allows the generation of
adequate test cases.
Sanjay Tyagi performed a comparison study on the performance of various testing tools such as NeoLoad [9],
WAPT [10] and Loadster [11] and their performance results are evaluated in different browsers. Basically
performance testing [12] is a non- functional type of testing to ensure speed, reliability, stability, and
scalability of system. The same website has been used to check the performance under these performance tools and
their results has been compared to select the best tool among them.
Harpreet Kaur described the comparative study of automated testing tools like Selenium, QTP and TC and their
performed is determine based on Efficiency, Licensing Costs, Application Support, Usage, etc. TC and Selenium has
been compared with QTP [7][13] and their shortcoming are discussed in [6]. Among all QTP is the best tool among
all.

VI. TAXONOMY

Taxonomy of different testing tools described in Figure 2. It has functional, management and loading testing
tools. Some of the testing tools are open source available freely to use and some are commercially available that are not
freely to use and money is required to use them. The basic description of functional, loading and management testing is
below:

A. Functional Testing
It verifies that the application under test works expected or not. This testing can be used to record and modify the
scripts. It consists of quality assurance (QA) process [51] and is black box testing. It is different from system testing.
This testing verifies a program while system testing validates a program.

B. Management Testing
This testing is used to save the information about how the testing is done. This testing is also used in performing
different activities like plan and quality assurance activities. Test management [41] tool offer the capability for data
analysis and provide a communication among different project team members.

C. Loading Testing
Load testing is also called “Volume Testing” [1]. This testing is used to ensure that how much load on an application
or a system can bear with predefined circumstances. It based on that the response of system is checked. This testing

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simply refers to the maximum load a system can have. By using this testing, basically behavior of a system is
determined. If a load on a system increases its certain level then it is called stress testing.

Figure 2: Taxonomy of Software Testing Tools

VII. CRITERIA FOR TOOLS COMPARISON

Individual tools can be compared according to various criteria; since they are used for same purpose they will
also have similar characteristics. Basic criteria designated for comparison of the available tools are described in the
below Table.
Table 1: Criterion Description

Supported Web Does the tool support testing of web- based applications for the
Browsers most common Web browsers? Important are both desktop and
mobile web browsers.
Licensing Licensing requirements for commercial use.
Website Official address or place where all information are provide about
specific things.
Price Price of the tools for commercial use.
Supported platforms Support for most widely used operating systems and their different
versions.

Supported Support for different programming and scripting languages

programming
languages

VIII. SELECTED TOOL FOR COMPARISONS

We have selected 32 best tools for our research that are automated tools. Their description is stated below.

 Selenium:
Selenium [14] consists of four tools Selenium IDE, Selenium RC, Selenium Web Drive and Selenium Grid. Selenium
is a tool that is easy to use and freely available. It is automated tool used to test web application. This tool supports
different browsers. All components of the project are released under open source license Apache 2.0 [15]. Jason
Huggins developed this tool in 2004. Now a day’s selenium has made a huge improvement as a strong web based
automated tool [16] [17].
 Ranorex:
It is also an automated tool that tests the web applications and is not freely available. It is best tool for Easy installation
for non-programmers. This tool can be used for object identification like automatic UI object synchronization, use of
Xpath expression, robust object identification etc. while selenium does not offer these features. Moreover it provides the
features for reusability [18].
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 Test Complete:
Test Complete [8] is an automated testing tool that is used to perform management, creation related tasks. It is used to
run tests for any Windows, Web. Its purpose is to create highly qualified software tests [19].
 HP –QTP:
QTP [7] is the part of HP quality center toolsuite2. It uses functional and regression testing for most of the
applications. In 2006, it was first written by Mercury Interactive4, and then acquired by Hewlett Packard [21].
 Watir:
Watir [22] is pronounced as water. It is used to test web applications and this is freely available and mostly used these
days. This tool uses scripting language called ruby. It is light in weight and supported by multiple browsers.
 TOSCA:
Tosca [23] supports regression and functional testing for testing software test management. This tool is mostly useful
in smaller, larger and multi projects. The main advantage of using this tool that it maintains the history changed of any
working product.
 FitNesse:
Fitnesse [24] is a tool that is used to test the tables. It is a wiki wrapper which provides a web interface to the test suite.
It allows tester and developer to create tests cases on wiki. It provides communication and collaboration in developing
software. It can be used to test applications that are written in JAVA, PHP, PYTHON etc.
 LoadRunner:
LoadRunner [25] is a load testing tool so it is used to determine the performance and behavior of web application,
mobile applications that provide a correct end to end performance view. It can be used to identify errors and correct
them before deployment of any product. This tool reduces the programming skills required to test the product. It tests
the applications faster and easier.
 SilkTest:
SilkTest [26] is an automation robust tool for testing web and enterprise applications. It is functional testing tool as
well as regression testing tool which is cost effective and test the above mentioned applications efficiently and in a
well manner. This tool save the time, test the scripts effectively and test multiple platforms and browsers. It was
developed by Segue Software Inc. which was acquired by Borland in 2006 and later Borland was acquired by Micro
Focus International in 2009.
 TestNg:
TestNG [27] is the next generation testing tool which is impressed from NUnit7 and JUnit6. It is easy to use and most
perfect tool for testing.
 WinRunner:
HP WinRunner[28] software is an automation testing tool which focuses on the graphical user interface testing. Main
advantage of this tool is to recover all those operations that were deactivated due to exception or some other reason. It
was initially made by Mercury Interactive.
 Apache Jmeter:
Apache Jmeter [29] is developed by Apache Software Foundation (ASF) and is open source tool. This tool again used
as a load testing tool for determining the performance of various web applications. It also support for functional
testing. It’s features consists of HTTP, Web services and JDBC database connections etc.
 SoapUI:
SoapUI [30] is a freely available and open source testing tool for functional testing and web testing. It has a very
interactive graphical user interface and some other features so that it can be used to perform regression, load and
functional tests efficiently. It is developed by Smart Bear Software. The set of features offered by SoapUI helps in
performance evaluation of web services. Quality of application and services can be improved by performing analysis
of test results.
 Storm:

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Storm [31] is an open source and free tool for testing the services provided by web. It is coded in F# language and is
freely available under BSD license. It mostly test the services provided by the web that are mostly coded in .NET and
java. It is very easy to use because it provides an interactive graphical interface. It can be used to test multiple web
services at the same time which in turn save the time consumption and improve the efficiency.

 Visual Studio Web Tests:

[32] A product of Microsoft available since Visual Studio 2005. Web Test has been chosen for this paper because
it is famous among dot NET developers since that it is shipped freely with the Visual Studio. A test scenario is
written by the tester and recorded by him as well; the series of HTTP requests are recorded. When play back is
performed, these requests are generated in the same order as were recorded by the web test. According to [33],
working of the application as well as the stress testing is performed by the web tests.
 Sahi:
Sahi [34] another open source and free automation tool specially designed to support cross- browser testing for web
applications with lots of AJAX and dynamic content [35]. Sahi injects JavaScript into web pages with the help of
a proxy in order to automate web pages. Sahi seems to have a more reliable record/playback tool compared to Test
Complete. Also, during the comparison, Sahi appeared to have much more effectiveness when processing web page
waits (waiting for the web page to load completely). Test scripts are exported in JavaScript to enable good
programming control [35]. Test scripts were very robust during comparisons; there was no need to script statements
for page waits. Sahi supports data-driven tests, and can be easily connected to Excel, database or CSV files.
 GEB:
Geb [36] is an automated tool for web browsers solution that creates a connection between web content and web
browser. It uses the Groovy language to provide a strong content definition DSL and jQuery which is a strong content
inspection. It is easy to use and can be productive and is a developer tool.
 NeoLoad:
[37] It is a tool for web applications that can be used to check the performance of entire website by putting a heavy
load on it. It is to be analyzed that how it performs under such severe conditions.
 WAPT:
[38] It is a tool used in determining the performance of web application. It is also used to check the output of web
application or their interfaces. It is easy to use and determines the performance of a web application by putting load
beyond the certain level which would be stress testing and within the load limits would be a load testing.
 WebLOAD:
WebLOAD [39] this tool also use to determine the performance to a web based applications in term of stress and load
testing. Generally speaking, this tool provide the functionality and capacity of the web applications how much they
can bear.
 Testing Anywhere:
Testing anywhere [40] is testing tool which automatically analyze the performance of web apps, web sites and other
objects. Since this tool automatically tests any application that is under test so this tool can be used to find out any
defects and then correct them.
 Rational Performance Tester:
[41] [42] is an automated testing tool that is used to determine the performance of web or server based apps. This
testing tool is mostly used when there requires input and output.
 LoadUI:
LoadUI [43] is freely available and load testing tool which can be used to check the performance of the web based
application. When this tool is used with the SoapUI then it really works efficiently. LoadUI is the most flexible and
interactive testing tools. Its report and advance specifications allow to determine the actual performance by using the
new data as the application has been tested.
 Wizdl:

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Wizdl [44] is a .NET framework and it is made in C#. This tool is used to test web performing services using an
effective way of window forms i.e. with a graphical user interface. Complicated services provide by web which take
nested objects and arrays as a parameter can easily called. The tool provides the facility of storing data in XML file
format which can be later used for regression testing.
 SOA:
Cleaner: SOA Cleaner [45] is an open source web service tool developed by Xyrow. It is written in dot Net and
provides GUI platform to enter web service description language to test web service. SOACleaner also supports
REST testing. The main benefits of SOA Cleaner it is simple to use without the need of coding knowledge. SOA
Cleaner supports .NET and Java framework. SOA Cleaner offers more efficiency and usability.
 Wcf Storm:
Wcf Storm [31] is an open-source and freely available tool for testing web. Its source code was written in F#
language. It tests the services of web using like dot Net, Java, etc. Storm supports dynamic invocation for those
methods that has input parameters of complicated data types. Raw soap requests can be efficiently edited and
manipulated by it. Its graphical user interface is simple and easy to use.
 Xebium:
Xebium [46] is a tool for creating automated integration, acceptance and regression tests. It can be used as a testing
framework for functional testing of the user interface of web applications. Xebium is a combination of three
frameworks. These are Selenium IDE, Selenium Web Driver and Fit Nesse.
 Tellurium:
[47] It is a tool for automated testing of web applications based on the Selenium RC framework. The tool has been
developing since 2008 and it is regularly updated. It is freely available with apache 2.0 license like Selenium.
 WebTest:
WebTest [48] is a simple framework for automated testing of web applications, written in Java. Test scenarios are
executed under a virtual interpreter HtmlUnit included in the distribution. The main advantage of the Html Unit is in
speed of the test execution, because tests are not executed in the real graphical user interface of the browser. This
virtual browser simulates manner in which is JavaScript processed in the Internet Explorer and Firefox web browser.
 Janova:
[49]: This is an automated testing tool by which testing is done on the cloud. This tool uses English like tool that
fulfill software implementation task with an efficiency and effective way. There is no software to download and no
infrastructural investment required [44]. It is quick, easy setup with no installation required and is used to navigate
home page easily.
 Telerik Test Studio:
[50] It is the comprehensive commercial system based on the WebAii framework, and therefore provides support for
the same web browsers and frameworks for unit testing. However, it also comes with many features that are available
to users through a transparent GUI. It also provides support for recording test scripts as a plugin for the Internet
Explorer.
 Appvance:
Appvance [20] Performance Cloud (APC) is a nice platform for testing those applications that are developing in this
era. This testing tool uses functional and performance techniques to test these applications such as web, AJAX app
etc. Modern applications are very difficult to test but Appvance gain its popularity just because of the fact that it
solves that problem. It tests these applications with improved speed and it’s easy to use. Some advantages that it has
over others are 1) full agile support 2) Faster testing 3) Improved productivity 4) Full beginning to end testing 5)
UXAVATAR technology.

IX. COMPARISON OF TOOLS

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In this section, comparison of selected tools are performed based on their attributes such as operating
system, browser support ,license , cost and some other attributes shown in a below table.
Table 1: Comparison of Tools on various criteria
Sr. Name of tool Operating Browser supports License Application Language Cost
# system Support Supported
1 Selenium Cross All major browser Apache Software testing Java, C#, PHP, Open source
platform 2.0 framework for web Ruby, Python,
Perl
application
2 Watir Cross Internet Explorer, later BSD Software testing Java, .NET, C# Open
platform supports many browsers framework for web source
application
3 Test Complete Microsoft IE, Firefox, Google Proprietar Test Automation VBscript, Commercial
windows chrome y Tool JavaScript, C++,
Delphi Scriptc
#Script.
4 FitNesse Cross platform Platform independent CPL Test Automation C++, Python, C# Open
Tool Ruby, Delphi, source
etc.

5 HP-QTP Microsoft IE 6,7,8,10, Firefox Proprietar Test Automation VBscript Commercial

windows 3.0 y Tool
and later, chrome

6 Win Runner Windows, Internet Explorer, Proprietar Load Testing Tool Test Scripting Commercial
Linux Netscape y Language
(TSL)
7 TOSCA Microsoft IE, Firefox Proprietar Test Automation Delphi, .NET Commercial
windows y Tool , java
commerci
al
8 Silktest Windows Internet Explorer, Software
Proprietar Test Automation Java, 4Test, VB, Commercial
Firefox y Tool c#, VB.net

9 HP Load Windows, Linux Any browser Proprietar Load Testing VB, VBscript, Commercial
Runner y Tool java, C#,
JavaScript

10 TestNG Window, IE, Firefox, Google chrome Apache Testing Java, also include Open source
Linux, MAC 2.0 Framework more object
oriented feature

9 HP Load Windows, Linux Any browser Proprietar Load Testing VB, VBscript, Commercial
Runner y Tool java, C#,
JavaScript

10 TestNG Window, IE, Firefox, Google chrome Apache Testing Java, also include Open source
Linux, MAC 2.0 Framework more object
oriented feature

11 JMeter Cross Chrome Apache Web Application Java Open source

platform License
2.0
12 Storm Microsoft - New Web Application F# Open source
Windows BSD
License

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 K. Shaukat et al. / International Journal of Computer Science and Innovation

13 soapUI Cross platform - GNU Web Application Java Open Source

LGPL 2.1

14 GEB Microsoft IE, Safari, Firefox, Open source Web and desktop Groovy Open source
Windows, Chrome, Opera based on Application
Linux and DOS groovy

15 Ranorex Microsoft Opera, Firefox, Netscape, Proprietary Web and desktop C#, VB.Net, Open source
windows IE, Chrome Application Python

16 Janova Cloud IE (8+), Firefox janova web application Ruby Commercial

Chrome, Safari,

17 Tellurium Windows All major browsers, Apache 2.0 Web applications Java, Groovy Open source
, Mac Android,
OS X, IOS, Blackberry
Unix proprietary browsers.
18 WebTest windows, Mac Html Unit Apache Web applications Java, Groovy Open source
OS X, Unix 2.0

19 Wizdl MS Windows - GPLv2 Web services C#, .NET, Java Open Source

20 Wcftstorm MS Windows8/ - BSD Web services F#, .NET Commercial

7/ vista/XP/
2000/NT

21 SOA Cleanr MS Windows - Freeware Web services C#, .NET Freeware

Java,.net 2.0

22 Xebium windows, Mac All Major, Android, Apache Web applications. Java, C++, Ruby, Open source
OSX, Unix iOS, Blackberry proprietaryLicense Python, Delphi,
browsers. C#
version 2.0
23 wapt Windows IE, Chrome and Firefox Proprietar Web, mobile load Asp.net Open source
OS, unix browser y testing
application

24 WebLO AD Windows, IE, Chrome and proprietar Web, mobile load Java, .Net. php, Open source
Linux, Unix Firefox browser y testing application JavaScript

25 NeoLoad windows, (latest Chrome and proprietar Web, mobile load Javascript, .NET, Open source
Linux and Firefox browsers y testing application php
Solaris

22 Xebium windows, Mac All Major, Android, Apache Web applications. Java, C++, Ruby, Open source
OSX, Unix iOS, Blackberry proprietaryLicense Python, Delphi,
browsers. C#
version 2.0
23 wapt Windows IE, Chrome and Firefox Proprietar Web, mobile load Asp.net Open source
OS, unix browser y testing
application

24 WebLO AD Windows, IE, Chrome and proprietar Web, mobile load Java, .Net. php, Open source
Linux, Unix Firefox browser y testing application JavaScript

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 K. Shaukat et al. / International Journal of Computer Science and Innovation

25 NeoLoad windows, (latest Chrome and proprietar Web, mobile load Javascript, .NET, Open source
Linux and Firefox browsers y testing application php
Solaris

26 LoadUI Cross Chrome and EUPL Web, mobile Java, Javafx, Open source
platform Firefox browsers application groovy

27 Appvance ALL All Major, Mobile free Web, Ajax php, Perl Python, Open source
platform Web browsers automat , Message, mobile Groovy ,Ruby,
ion apps, SOA C#, Java
services, Oracle
28 Test Windows IE, Chrome and Shareware applications
web application Java, Silverlight Open
Anywhere OS Firefox , .Net, source
mainframe,
C++
29 Rational AIX, Linux, IE, Chrome and Firefox proprietary web application java Commercial
Performance Windows browsers
Tester

30 Sahi Cross IE, Firefox Apache web application Java, php, Open source
browsers 2.0 JavaScript,
Python, and

31 Visual Windows OS IE, Mozilla Firefox and proprietar web application C++, C#, .Net Commercial
studio Google Chrome, y Trial

32 Telerik Windows, iOS All Major and iOS Commerci Web applications C#, .Net Commercia
Test Studio al single l
license

X. PROS

 Fast execution of test cases.

 Test software in a less amount of time.
 All issues of manual testing are resolved by automatic testing.
 Repeated test cases are handled easily.

XI. CONS:

 Knowledge and skills are required to use these tools.

 Some automation tools are not freely available and are expensive. .
 Maintenance is a difficult task and might be expensive.
XII. CONCLUSION

In this paper, the taxonomy of different testing tool has been presented such as functional, loading, and
management test automation. Now testing through automation tool has become the necessity of today era. Because it not
only save time but also save the manual effort required to test the software for error. The selection of tool requires the
requirement gathering and to categorize them in a well manner. This will help a lot to evaluate the tool in a best manner.
As many automated software testing tools are available in market and are used to test software but we conducted a
comparative study of 32 best tools and suggests some tools that are mostly used in market for automation testing based
on the strategy discuss above. These tools include Selenium, Ranorex, Soap UI, FitNessee, Appvance, Apache J meter,
HP- QTP, Test Complete and Telerik Test Studio.

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FUTURE WORK
According to our point of view the best tool is one that is freely available, easy to use and support all the
languages. For the best results, comparison of these tools can be made using the experiments in future.

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