RUEGO,

KHYNELOURI
CEB.

XI
I
-AMBER

Ge
ner
alBi
ol
ogy

1
.Chr
omat
in-i
sac
ompl
exofDNAandpr
ote
inst
hatf
ormsc
hromosome
swi
thi
nthenuc
leus
ofe
ukar
yot
icc
ell
s.

2.
Nuc
leol
us-i
sinf
aci
l
itat
ingr
ibosomebi
oge
nesi
s,t
hrought
hepr
oce
ssi
ngandasse
mbl
yof
r
RNAi
ntopr
eri
bosomalpar
tic
les.

3.
Nuc
learEnv
elope
-isahi
ghl
yre
gul
ate
dme
mbr
anebar
rie
rthatse
par
ate
sthenuc
leus
f
rom t
hec
ytopl
asm i
neukar
yot
icc
ell
s.

4.
Nuc
leus-c
ont
rol
sandr
egul
ate
stheac
tiv
iti
esoft
hec
ell(
e.
g.
,gr
owt
handme
tabol
i
sm)and
c
arr
iest
hege
nes,
str
uct
ure
sthatc
ont
aint
hehe
redi
tar
yinf
ormat
ion.

5.
PlasmaMe
mbr
ane
-ort
hec
ellme
mbr
ane
,pr
ovi
despr
ote
cti
onf
orac
ell
.I
tal
sopr
ovi
desa
f
ixe
denv
ironme
nti
nsi
det
hec
ell
.

6.
Smoot
hEndopl
asmi
cRe
tic
ulum-synt
hesi
zesl
i
pids,
phosphol
i
pidsasi
npl
asma
me
mbr
ane
s,andst
eroi
ds.
7
.Cyt
osol
-hasnosi
ngl
efunc
tionandi
sinst
eadt
hesi
teofmul
ti
plec
ellpr
oce
sse
s.Ex
ampl
es
oft
hesepr
oce
sse
sinc
ludesi
gnalt
ransduc
tionf
rom t
hec
ellme
mbr
anet
osi
teswi
thi
nthe
c
ell
,suc
hast
hec
ellnuc
leus,
oror
gane
ll
es.

8.
Lysosome
-ar
eme
mbr
ane
-boundor
gane
ll
eswi
thr
ole
sinpr
oce
sse
sinv
olv
edi
nde
gradi
ng
andr
ecyc
li
ngc
ell
ularwast
e,c
ell
ularsi
gnal
l
ingande
ner
gyme
tabol
i
sm.

9.
Mit
ochondr
ia-(
singul
ar:
Mit
ochondr
ion)ar
eme
mbr
ane
-boundc
ellor
gane
ll
est
hat
ge
ner
atemostoft
hec
hemi
cale
ner
gyne
ede
dtopowe
rthec
ell
'
sbi
oche
mic
alr
eac
tions.

1
0.Ce
ntr
iol
es-pl
ayar
olei
nor
gani
zi
ngmi
crot
ubul
est
hatse
rveast
hec
ell
'
sske
let
alsyst
em.

1
1.Mi
crov
il
li
-func
tionst
oinc
reaset
hec
ellsur
fac
ear
eaandt
hee
ffi
ci
enc
yofabsor
pti
on.

1
2.Mi
crof
il
ame
nt-assi
stwi
thc
ellmov
eme
ntandar
emadeofapr
ote
inc
all
edac
tin.
Act
in
wor
kswi
thanot
herpr
ote
inc
all
edmyosi
ntopr
oduc
emusc
lemov
eme
nts,
cel
ldi
vi
si
on,
and
c
ytopl
asmi
cst
reami
ng.

1
3.Mi
crot
ubul
e-pr
ovi
det
her
igi
d,or
gani
zedc
ompone
ntsoft
hec
ytoske
let
ont
hatgi
veshape
t
omanyc
ell
s,andt
heyar
emaj
orc
ompone
ntsofc
il
iaandf
lage
ll
a.

1
4.I
nte
rme
diat
eFi
l
ame
nts-pr
ovi
desme
chani
calsuppor
tfort
hepl
asmame
mbr
anewhe
rei
t
c
ome
sint
ocont
actwi
thot
herc
ell
sorwi
tht
hee
xtr
ace
ll
ularmat
rix
.

1
5.Pe
rox
isome
-pl
aysi
mpor
tantr
olei
nme
tabol
i
sm,
reac
tiv
eox
yge
nspe
cie
sde
tox
ifi
cat
ion,
andsi
gnal
i
ng.

1
6.Gol
giAppar
atus-he
lpspr
oce
ssandpac
kagepr
ote
insandl
i
pidmol
ecul
es,
espe
cial
l
y
pr
ote
insde
sti
nedt
obee
xpor
tedf
rom t
hec
ell
.

1
7.Ri
bosome
s-hav
etwomai
nfunc
tions:
dec
odi
ngt
heme
ssageandt
hef
ormat
ionofpe
pti
de
bonds.

1
8.RoughEndopl
asmi
cRe
tic
ulum-i
tsf
unc
tioni
stopr
oduc
epr
ote
insf
ort
her
estoft
hec
ell
t
ofunc
tion.