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    The Surface Station Model

    Uploaded by

    Nelum Perera
    The Surface station model provides key weather observation data in a standardized format including: 1) Temperature and dew point expressed in degrees Fahrenheit or Celsius, 2) Cloud cover reported as a percentage of sky covered, 3) Visibility reported in miles, 4) Wind direction as the direction winds are blowing from, 5) Wind speed reported in knots using barbs and triangles, 6) Present weather conditions using symbolic codes, 7) Sea-level pressure reported in millibars with leading digits omitted, 8) Pressure change over the last 3 hours reported in tenths of millibars and through a symbol indicating the direction of change.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    The Surface Station Model

    Uploaded by

    Nelum Perera
    22 views2 pages
    The Surface station model provides key weather observation data in a standardized format including: 1) Temperature and dew point expressed in degrees Fahrenheit or Celsius, 2) Cloud cover reported as a percentage of sky covered, 3) Visibility reported in miles, 4) Wind direction as the direction winds are blowing from, 5) Wind speed reported in knots using barbs and triangles, 6) Present weather conditions using symbolic codes, 7) Sea-level pressure reported in millibars with leading digits omitted, 8) Pressure change over the last 3 hours reported in tenths of millibars and through a symbol indicating the direction of change.

    Original Description:

    Meteorology for seafarers

    Original Title

    The Surface station model

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    The Surface station model provides key weather observation data in a standardized format including: 1) Temperature and dew point expressed in degrees Fahrenheit or Celsius, 2) Cloud cover reported as a percentage of sky covered, 3) Visibility reported in miles, 4) Wind direction as the direction winds are blowing from, 5) Wind speed reported in knots using barbs and triangles, 6) Present weather conditions using symbolic codes, 7) Sea-level pressure reported in millibars with leading digits omitted, 8) Pressure change over the last 3 hours reported in tenths of millibars and through a symbol indicating the direction of change.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    22 views2 pages

    The Surface Station Model

    Uploaded by

    Nelum Perera
    The Surface station model provides key weather observation data in a standardized format including: 1) Temperature and dew point expressed in degrees Fahrenheit or Celsius, 2) Cloud cover reported as a percentage of sky covered, 3) Visibility reported in miles, 4) Wind direction as the direction winds are blowing from, 5) Wind speed reported in knots using barbs and triangles, 6) Present weather conditions using symbolic codes, 7) Sea-level pressure reported in millibars with leading digits omitted, 8) Pressure change over the last 3 hours reported in tenths of millibars and through a symbol indicating the direction of change.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    The Surface station model

    • The circle in the station model is centered on the latitude and longitude of the city where the
    weather observations are made.

    • TT - Temperature: In the United States surface temperature is expressed in units of degrees


    Fahrenheit. In most other countries of the world it is expressed in degrees Celsius.

    • TdTd Dew point temperature: Expressed in the same units as temperature.

    • N - Cloud cover: Total cloud amount represents the fraction of sky covered by cloud.

    • VV - Visibility: Howfar we can see, expressed in units of miles.

    • dd - Wind direction: The line drawn represents the direction from which the wind is blowing.
    The pole points to the direction from which the wind is coming. You can tell which direction
    the pole is pointing by the end that has the flags or barbs.

    • ff - Wind speed: The barbs on the lines representing wind direction give us information on the
    wind speed. Wind speed is measured in knots (1 knot =1.15 miles per hour). One long barb
    equals 10 knots, a short barb 5 knots and a triangle represents a wind speed of 50 knots.

    • ww - present weather conditions: Symbols are used to convey information on the type of
    weather that was observed when the observations were made. Your book lists some of these
    symbols. A more extensive list does exist.

    • PPP - Surface Pressure adjusted to sea level. The units are coded in mb. The leading 9 or 10 are
    dropped as is the decimal. So 234 represents a pressure of 1023.4 mb while 834 represents a
    pressure of 983.4 mb.

    • pp - Change in surface pressure over the last three hours. The change in pressure is represented
    by a value and a line that tells us how the pressure was changing.
    PRESSURE

    Sea-level pressure is plotted in tenths of millibars (mb), with the leading 10 or 9 omitted. For
    reference, 1013 mb is equivalent to 29.92 inches of mercury. Below are some sample conversions
    between plotted and complete sea-level pressure values:

    410: 1041.0 mb
    103: 1010.3 mb
    987: 998.7 mb
    872: 987.2 mb

    PRESSURE TREND

    The pressure trend has two components, a number and symbol, to indicate how the sea-level
    pressure has changed during the past three hours. The number provides the 3-hour change in tenths
    of millibars, while the symbol provides a graphic illustration of how this change occurred. Below are
    the meanings of the pressure trend symbols:

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