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I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n
ITU-T G.989.2
TELECOMMUNICATION (02/2019)
STANDARDIZATION SECTOR
OF ITU
SERIES G: TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS AND MEDIA,

DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS
Digital sections and digital line system – Optical line
systems for local and access networks
40-Gigabit-capable passive optical networks 2

(NG PON2): Physical media dependent (PMD)
layer specification
Recommendation ITU-T G.989.2

ITU-T G-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS
TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS AND MEDIA, DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS
INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE CONNECTIONS AND CIRCUITS G.100–G.199

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS COMMON TO ALL ANALOGUE CARRIER- G.200–G.299
TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS
INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNATIONAL CARRIER TELEPHONE G.300–G.399
SYSTEMS ON METALLIC LINES
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNATIONAL CARRIER TELEPHONE SYSTEMS G.400–G.449
ON RADIO-RELAY OR SATELLITE LINKS AND INTERCONNECTION WITH METALLIC
LINES
COORDINATION OF RADIOTELEPHONY AND LINE TELEPHONY G.450–G.499
TRANSMISSION MEDIA AND OPTICAL SYSTEMS CHARACTERISTICS G.600–G.699
DIGITAL TERMINAL EQUIPMENTS G.700–G.799
DIGITAL NETWORKS G.800–G.899
DIGITAL SECTIONS AND DIGITAL LINE SYSTEM G.900–G.999
General G.900–G.909
Parameters for optical fibre cable systems G.910–G.919
Digital sections at hierarchical bit rates based on a bit rate of 2048 kbit/s G.920–G.929
Digital line transmission systems on cable at non-hierarchical bit rates G.930–G.939
Digital line systems provided by FDM transmission bearers G.940–G.949
Digital line systems G.950–G.959
Digital section and digital transmission systems for customer access to ISDN G.960–G.969
Optical fibre submarine cable systems G.970–G.979
Optical line systems for local and access networks G.980–G.989
Metallic access networks G.990–G.999
MULTIMEDIA QUALITY OF SERVICE AND PERFORMANCE – GENERIC AND USER- G.1000–G.1999
RELATED ASPECTS
TRANSMISSION MEDIA CHARACTERISTICS G.6000–G.6999
DATA OVER TRANSPORT – GENERIC ASPECTS G.7000–G.7999
PACKET OVER TRANSPORT ASPECTS G.8000–G.8999
ACCESS NETWORKS G.9000–G.9999
For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations.

40-Gigabit-capable passive optical networks 2 (NG-PON2): Physical media

dependent (PMD) layer specification
Summary
Recommendation ITU-T G.989.2 specifies the physical media dependent (PMD) layer requirements
for a passive optical network (PON) system with a nominal aggregate capacity of 40 Gbit/s in the
downstream direction and 10 Gbit/s in the upstream direction, hereinafter referred to as NG-PON2.
NG-PON2 is a flexible optical fibre access network capable of supporting the bandwidth
requirements of mobile backhaul, business and residential services. Furthermore, this
Recommendation describes optional configurations, to extend beyond this nominal capacity, as the
ITU-T G.989 series of Recommendations allows for multiple upstream and downstream line rates.
The NG-PON2 wavelength plan is defined to enable the coexistence through wavelength overlay
with legacy PON systems (see ITU-T G.989.1). The transmission convergence (TC) layer is based
on Recommendation ITU-T G.987.3, with unique modifications for NG-PON2 captured in
Recommendation ITU-T G.989.3. The optical network unit (ONU) management and control
interface (OMCI) specifications are described in Recommendation ITU-T G.988 for NG-PON2
extensions.
This Recommendation specifies the characteristics of hybrid time and wavelength division
multiplexing (TWDM) channels, referred to as TWDM PON. The characteristics of optional, tunable
point-to-point wavelength overlay channels are also described, referred to as point-to-point
wavelength division multiplexing (PtP WDM) PON.
The TWDM PON described in this Recommendation represents a further development from the
systems described in the ITU-T G.984 and ITU-T G.987 series of Recommendations. To the greatest
extent possible, this Recommendation retains the requirements of ITU-T G.984.1 and ITU-T G.987.1
to ensure maximal reuse of existing technology and compatibility with deployed optical access
systems and optical fibre infrastructure.
Edition 2.0 continues the maintenance and evolution of physical media dependent (PMD) layer
specification.
History
Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID*
1.0 ITU-T G.989.2 2014-12-05 15 11.1002/1000/12097
1.1 ITU-T G.989.2 (2014) Amd. 1 2016-04-13 15 11.1002/1000/12556
1.2 ITU-T G.989.2 (2014) Amd. 2 2017-08-13 15 11.1002/1000/13292
2.0 ITU-T G.989.2 2019-02-06 15 11.1002/1000/13745
Keywords
NG-PON2, TWDM-PON, PtP WDM-PON
____________________
* To access the Recommendation, type the URL http://handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web
browser, followed by the Recommendation's unique ID. For example, http://handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/
11830-en.
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) i

FOREWORD
The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of
telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication
Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical,
operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing
telecommunications on a worldwide basis.
The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years,
establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on
these topics.
The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1.
In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-T's purview, the necessary standards are
prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC.
NOTE
In this Recommendation, the expression "Administration" is used for conciseness to indicate both a
telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency.
Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain
mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the
Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words "shall" or some
other obligatory language such as "must" and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The
use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may
involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence,
validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others
outside of the Recommendation development process.
As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property,
protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers
are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the
TSB patent database at http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/.
 ITU 2019
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the
prior written permission of ITU.
ii Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Table of Contents
Page
1 Scope............................................................................................................................. 1
2 References..................................................................................................................... 1
3 Definitions .................................................................................................................... 3
4 Abbreviations and acronyms ........................................................................................ 3
5 Conventions .................................................................................................................. 3
6 Architecture of the optical access network ................................................................... 3
6.1 Physical grouping of logical functions ........................................................... 4
6.2 ODN optical path loss (OPL) classes ............................................................. 4
6.3 Fibre distance classes ..................................................................................... 5
7 Services ......................................................................................................................... 5
8 User network interface and service node interface ....................................................... 5
9 Common optical network requirements........................................................................ 5
9.1 Layered structure of optical network .............................................................. 5
9.2 Wavelength plans for NG-PON2.................................................................... 5
9.3 Physical media dependent layer requirements ............................................... 6
10 Crosstalk-to-signal ratio tolerance for NG-PON2 ........................................................ 9
10.1 Wideband X/S tolerance mask definition ....................................................... 10
10.2 Narrowband TWDM PON X/S tolerance mask ............................................. 11
11 TWDM PON PMD layer requirements ........................................................................ 14
11.1 PMD layer requirements................................................................................. 14
11.2 Upstream physical layer overhead .................................................................. 34
Annex A – Tunable PtP WDM PON PMD layer requirements ............................................... 35
A.1 PMD layer requirements................................................................................. 36
Annex B – Auxiliary management and control channel .......................................................... 54
B.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 54
B.2 Transparent AMCC ........................................................................................ 54
Annex C – Low loss (LL) PtP WDM PON PMD layer requirements ..................................... 56
C.1 PMD layer requirements................................................................................. 56
Annex D – ONU power levelling ............................................................................................ 74
D.1 Interaction between NG-PON2 PMD layer and TC layer .............................. 74
D.2 Power levelling (PL) mechanism at ONU transmitter ................................... 74
D.3 ONU autonomous power levelling ................................................................. 74
D.4 OOC and OOB PSD relaxation ...................................................................... 76
D.5 OLT directed ONU power levelling ............................................................... 76
D.6 ONU troubleshooting considerations ............................................................. 76
Appendix I – Wavelength considerations for NG-PON2, XG-PON1, G-PON and RF
video overlay distribution services ............................................................................... 77
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) iii

Page
Appendix II – Physical layer measurements required to support optical layer supervision .... 78
Appendix III – Allocation of the physical layer overhead time ............................................... 81
Appendix IV – Jitter budget specifications for TWDM PON ................................................. 84
Appendix V – Measurement of TWDM PON burst mode acquisition time and burst node
eye opening at OLT ...................................................................................................... 85
Appendix VI – Nonlinear Raman interactions in optical fibres and mitigation
technologies for coexistence of multiple PONs............................................................ 86
Appendix VII – Cyclic AWG channel grid design examples .................................................. 91
Appendix VIII – Wavelength multiplexer, upstream inter-channel crosstalk, ONU
transmitter tuning time considerations and upstream channel grid example ................ 92
VIII.1 Wavelength multiplexer ................................................................................. 92
VIII.2 Upstream inter-channel crosstalk ................................................................... 94
VIII.3 ONU transmitter tuning time .......................................................................... 98
VIII.4 TWDM PON upstream channel grid examples .............................................. 100
VIII.5 Detail of OOC near the channel band edge .................................................... 101
Appendix IX – Alternative line code for Raman mitigation .................................................... 103
IX.1 8B10B scheme ................................................................................................ 103
IX.2 Miller and Miller squared scheme .................................................................. 105
IX.3 Raman mitigation suppression levels ............................................................. 109
Appendix X – Upstream PMD examples for TWDM PON .................................................... 111
Appendix XI – Optical parameter specification for the S/R-CP reference point..................... 113
Bibliography............................................................................................................................. 115
iv Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

40-Gigabit-capable passive optical networks 2 (NG-PON2): Physical media

dependent (PMD) layer specification
1 Scope
This Recommendation pertains to flexible access networks using optical fibre technology. It
describes a network supporting multiple services with bandwidth requirements ranging from that of
voice to data and video, running at an aggregate reference downstream rate of 40 Gbit/s.
This Recommendation specifies characteristics of the physical media dependent (PMD) layer of a
passive optical network (PON) system based on time and wavelength division multiplexing
(TWDM) and an optional point-to-point wavelength division multiplexing (PtP WDM) system that
can be used in an overlay to TWDM with the capability of bidirectional data transmission between
optical line termination (OLT) and optical network unit (ONU).
The optical access network (OAN) addressed by this Recommendation enables the network
operator to provide a flexible upgrade to meet future customer requirements, in particular, in the
area of the optical distribution network (ODN). The legacy ODN infrastructure is based on a point-
to-multipoint tree and branch option using power splitter based technology (see [ITU-T G.989.1]
for additional details). However, the use of wavelength splitters in the ODN is also allowed.
This edition includes updates from Amendment 1, Amendment 2 and relaxes certain parameter
values related to OOB/OOC/IBXT.
2 References
The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through
reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the
editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision;
users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the
most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the
currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within
this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation.
[ITU-T G.652] Recommendation ITU-T G.652 (2016), Characteristics of a single-mode
optical fibre and cable.
[ITU-T G.657] Recommendation ITU-T G.657 (2016), Characteristics of a bending-loss
insensitive single-mode optical fibre and cable.
[ITU-T G.671] Recommendation ITU-T G.671 (2012), Transmission characteristics of optical
components and subsystems.
[ITU-T G.694.1] Recommendation ITU-T G.694.1 (2012), Spectral grids for WDM
applications: DWDM frequency grid.
[ITU-T G.698.1] Recommendation ITU-T G.698.1 (2009), Multichannel DWDM applications
with single-channel optical interfaces.
[ITU-T G.698.3] Recommendation ITU-T G.698.3 (2012), Multichannel seeded DWDM
applications with single-channel optical interfaces.
[ITU-T G.707] Recommendation ITU-T G.707/Y.1322 (2007), Network node interface for the
synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH).
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 1

[ITU-T G.709] Recommendation ITU-T G.709/Y.1331 (2016), Interfaces for the optical
transport network.
[ITU-T G.783] Recommendation ITU-T G.783 (2006), Characteristics of synchronous digital
hierarchy (SDH) equipment functional blocks.
[ITU-T G.825] Recommendation ITU-T G.825 (2000), The control of jitter and wander within
digital networks which are based on the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH).
[ITU-T G.957] Recommendation ITU-T G.957 (2006), Optical interfaces for equipments and
systems relating to the synchronous digital hierarchy.
[ITU-T G.959.1] Recommendation ITU-T G.959.1 (2018), Optical transport network physical
layer interfaces.
[ITU-T G.982] Recommendation ITU-T G.982 (1996), Optical access networks to support
services up to the ISDN primary rate or equivalent bit rates.
[ITU-T G.983.1] Recommendation ITU-T G.983.1 (2005), Broadband optical access systems
based on Passive Optical Networks (PON).
[ITU-T G.984.1] Recommendation ITU-T G.984.1 (2008), Gigabit-capable passive optical
networks (GPON): General characteristics.
[ITU-T G.984.2] Recommendation ITU-T G.984.2 (2003), Gigabit-capable Passive Optical
Networks (G-PON): Physical Media Dependent (PMD) layer specification.
[ITU-T G.984.5] Recommendation ITU-T G.984.5 (2014), Gigabit-capable passive optical
networks (G-PON): Enhancement band.
[ITU-T G.987] Recommendation ITU-T G.987 (2012), 10-Gigabit-capable passive optical
network (XG-PON) systems: Definitions, abbreviations and acronyms.
[ITU-T G.987.1] Recommendation ITU-T G.987.1 (2016), 10 Gigabit-capable passive optical
networks (XG-PON): General requirements.
[ITU-T G.987.2] Recommendation ITU-T G.987.2 (2016), 10-Gigabit-capable passive optical
networks (XG-PON): Physical media dependent (PMD) layer specification.
networks (XG-PON): Transmission convergence (TC) layer specification.
[ITU-T G.988] Recommendation ITU-T G.988 (2017), ONU management and control
interface (OMCI) specification.
[ITU-T G.989] Recommendation ITU-T G.989 (2015), 40-Gigabit-capable passive optical
networks (NG-PON2): Definitions, abbreviations and acronyms.
networks (NG-PON2): General requirements.
networks (NG-PON2): Transmission convergence layer specification.
[ITU-T J.185] Recommendation ITU-T J.185 (2012), Transmission equipment for
transferring multi-channel television signals over optical access networks by
frequency modulation conversion.
[ITU-T J.186] Recommendation ITU-T J.186 (2008), Transmission equipment for
multi-channel television signals over optical access networks by sub-carrier
multiplexing (SCM).
[ITU-T L.313] Recommendation ITU-T L.313/L.66 (2007), Optical fibre cable maintenance
criteria for in-service fibre testing in access networks.
2 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

3 Definitions
See clause 3 of [ITU-T G.989] for definitions.
4 Abbreviations and acronyms

See clause 4 of [ITU-T G.989] for abbreviations and acronyms.
5 Conventions
See clause 5 of [ITU-T G.989] for conventions.
6 Architecture of the optical access network

Figure 6-1 represents the reference logical architecture for the multi-wavelength NG-PON2 system.
A multi-system OAN architecture for NG-PON2 coexistence with legacy systems is represented in
Figure 5-1 of [ITU-T G.989.1]. During coexistence, mitigation techniques may be necessary to
avoid inter-system impairments, e.g., see Appendix VI and Appendix IX for Raman crosstalk
considerations. This architecture allows both point-to-multipoint connectivity (i.e., TWDM PON)
and virtual point-to-point connectivity (i.e., PtP WDM PON).
Figure 6-1 – NG-PON2 reference logical architecture
The following reference points from Figure 6-1 are defined below:
• S: The sending interface to the network.
• R: The receiving interface from the network.
• S/R, R/S: Combination of points S and R existing simultaneously in a single fibre, when
operating in bidirectional mode. The S/R point is referenced to the OLT side, the R/S point
is referenced to the ONU side.
The two directions for optical transmission in the ODN are identified as follows:
• downstream direction for signals travelling from the OLT to the ONU(s); and
• upstream direction for signals travelling from the ONU(s) to the OLT.
Transmission in downstream and upstream directions takes place in the ODN through the same
fibre and components (duplex/diplex configuration).
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 3

The primary method of optical parameter specification is in reference to the S/R point for channel
group (S/R-CG reference point of Figure 6-1 for the individual wavelength channels). This method
is used in the PMD tables appearing in clause 11. An alternative informative optical parameter
specification method is in reference to the S/R point for channel pair (S/R-CP reference point of
Figure 6-1). The alternative method is applicable in the situations when the primary reference point,
S/R-CG, is not practical or not accessible for performing measurements or it is desirable to provide
a simple sensitivity specification to an OLT transceiver vendor. The informative optical parameters
specification referenced to S/R-CP point (which are consistent with the primary method and are
based on industry best practices with respect to the WM loss parameters) are given in Appendix XI.
Each ONU in Figure 6-1 is equipped with a tunable transmitter and a tunable receiver. The tunable
ONU transmitter must be able to adjust to the allocated upstream TWDM or PtP WDM wavelength
channels within the bands specified in Table 9-1. The tunable ONU receiver must be able to adjust
to the allocated downstream TWDM or PtP WDM wavelength channels within the bands specified
in Table 9-1.
This Recommendation specifies a minimum of four, with extension up to eight, TWDM channels.
A minimum of four PtP WDM channels is supported with a maximum not specified. The number of
wavelength channels supported by a given equipment implementation or network instance is not
specified; however the optical parameter tables should be consulted for the specific assumptions
made for the parameters given.
The architecture can be extended to support multiple OLTs on a common ODN for other purposes
such as pay-as-you-grow deployment and spectral flexibility.
6.1 Physical grouping of logical functions

The logical functions identified in Figure 6-1 for NG-PON2 could be considered to be individual
physical items, or fully integrated into a single device.
6.2 ODN optical path loss (OPL) classes

ODN optical path loss classes (ODN classes) are specified in Table 6-1.
The optical path loss for each class is specified between the S/R-CG and R/S reference points. It
takes into account a 15 dB differential optical path loss.
Table 6-1 – ODN optical path loss classes (ODN classes)

Class N1 Class N2 Class E1 Class E2
Minimum optical path loss 14 dB 16 dB 18 dB 20 dB
Maximum optical path loss 29 dB 31 dB 33 dB 35 dB
Maximum differential optical path loss 15 dB
ODNs including gain elements, wavelength couplers or low split ratio power splitters may have
optical path losses less than stated minimum loss values above. In such a case, the ODN must
contain measures (e.g., optical attenuators) to guarantee the minimum optical path loss for the given
class to prevent bit error ratio (BER) degradation and/or potential damage to receivers
4 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

6.3 Fibre distance classes
Fibre distance classes are specified in Table 6-2.
Table 6-2 – ODN fibre distance classes

Fibre distance class Minimum fibre distance (km) Maximum fibre distance (km)
DD20 0 20
DD40 0 40
The following power spectral density (PSD) values in the PMD tables in clause 11 have been
optimized for TWDM 4-channel and 20 km. Investigations for TWDM 8 channel and/or DD40
(40 km) are for further study.
7 Services
See clause 7 of [ITU-T G.989.1] for services to be carried by NG-PON2.
8 User network interface and service node interface

See clause 7 of [ITU-T G.989.1].
9 Common optical network requirements
9.1 Layered structure of optical network

The layered structure of the NG-PON2 optical network can generally be represented by a structure
in which the data plane and the auxiliary management and control plane are mounted on top of the
common physical medium, represented by the NG-PON2 ODN.
9.2 Wavelength plans for NG-PON2

Table 9-1 specifies the wavelength plans for both TWDM PON and PtP WDM PON. The
NG-PON2 wavelength plan is specified to enable the coexistence through wavelength overlay with
legacy PON systems, see [ITU-T G.989.1].
Shared spectrum allows full coexistence with G-PON, XG-PON1, radio frequency (RF) video
overlay and TWDM. The expanded spectrum option of PtP WDM PON supports spectral flexibility
as described in clause 9.2 of [ITU-T G.989.1]. Expanded spectrum can be used in the absence of
any one of these coexistence systems.
Table 9-1 – NG-PON2 wavelength bands

Wavelength TWDM PON PtP WDM PON
compatible systems Downstream Upstream Upstream/downstream
GPON, RF video, 1596-1603 nm Wideband option Expanded spectrum
XG-PON1 1524-1544 nm 1524-1625 nm
Reduced band option (Note 1)
1528-1540 nm Shared spectrum
Narrow band option 1603-1625 nm
1532-1540 nm (Note 2)
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 5

Table 9-1 – NG-PON2 wavelength bands
Wavelength TWDM PON PtP WDM PON
compatible systems Downstream Upstream Upstream/downstream
NOTE 1 – This Recommendation specifies PtP WDM PON anywhere in the spectrum identified in
Table 9-1, subject to spectrum otherwise being used. Whenever a particular subset of the spectrum in
either band is unused by TWDM PON and/or legacy systems, PtP WDM PON is permitted to make use of
that particular sub-band in upstream and/or downstream direction. However, the isolation requirements to
the TWDM PON and/or legacy systems must be considered when determining the expanded spectrum
wavelengths to be occupied by PtP WDM PON.
NOTE 2 – When TWDM PON and PtP WDM PON are both present, wavelength channels of both
technologies may occupy adjacent wavelength bands; however, TWDM and PtP WDM channels must not
be interleaved. The required guard band between TWDM PON and PtP WDM PON is a minimum of 3 nm
when using separate mux/demux devices. In the shared spectrum case, the PtP WDM PON upstream
channels use the shorter wavelengths in the shared spectrum. When a single device is used to multiplex
PtP WDM PON and TWDM PON, the required guard band is a minimum of 100 GHz.
The selection of the operating band option in the PtP WDM PON sub-bands depends on the
coexistence requirements. In the expanded spectrum case, DWDM grids as specified in
[ITU-T G.694.1] or [ITU-T G.698.3] can be used.
9.3 Physical media dependent layer requirements

This clause contains the PMD layer specifications that are common to both TWDM PON and PtP
WDM PON. Unique specifications for TWDM PON and PtP WDM PON are contained in
respective clauses and annexes of this Recommendation.
9.3.1 Physical media and transmission method
9.3.1.1 Transmission medium
This Recommendation is based on the fibre described in [ITU-T G.652]. Other fibre types
compatible with this Recommendation, e.g., [ITU-T G.657], may be used for indoor cabling and/or
drop section.
9.3.1.2 Transmission direction
Signals are transmitted both upstream and downstream through the optical transmission medium of
the ODN.
9.3.1.3 Transmission method
Bidirectional transmission is accomplished by use of a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)
technique on a single fibre.
9.3.2 Minimum extinction ratio
The minimum extinction ratio (ER) is specified in logarithmic form and is expressed in decibels as
a positive number. To satisfy the requirement, a component or device must meet or exceed the
specified ratio.
To measure signal ER at a single-channel reference point (S/R-CP or R/S) the configuration shown
in Figure B.1 of [ITU-T G.957] can be used directly. In the case of measurements at the
multichannel reference point (S/R-CG), channel isolation is performed with a reference optical
bandpass filter (as described in [ITU-T G.959.1], Annex B) before applying this filter output to the
configuration shown in Figure B.1 of [ITU-T G.957].
6 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

9.3.3 Maximum reflectance of equipment, measured at the transmitter wavelength
The maximum reflectance of equipment at S/R-CG or R/S reference point, measured at the
transmitter wavelength, specified as a ratio less than one and is expressed in decibels. To satisfy the
requirement, a component/device must not exceed the specified ratio.
9.3.4 Tolerance to reflected optical power
The tolerance to reflected optical power is specified as a ratio less than one and is expressed in
decibels. To satisfy the requirement, the transmitter must operate without performance degradation
in the presence of the optical reflections at or below the specified tolerance level.
This parameter is shown in [ITU-T G.984.2] as "Tolerance to the transmitter incident light power".
9.3.5 Optical path between S/R and R/S
9.3.5.1 Attenuation range
The optical power parameters are specified for four distinct ODN optical path loss classes in
clause 6.2. Each class is specified by its respective minimum and maximum optical path loss
between the S/R-CG and R/S reference points. The attenuation range is the difference between the
maximum and minimum optical path loss in each class.
9.3.5.2 Minimum optical return loss
The minimum optical return loss (ORL) is specified as a ratio greater than one and is expressed in
decibels. To satisfy the requirement, a component/device must meet or exceed the specified ratio.
9.3.5.3 Maximum discrete reflectance between points S and R
The maximum discrete reflectance is the maximum value of reflectance of any single discrete
element in the ODN. The value specified in this Recommendation is lower than −35 dB, also see
[ITU-T G.982].
9.3.5.4 Dispersion
Maximum values of dispersion (ps/nm) are specified in Tables 11-4 to 11-7 for TWDM PON and
Tables A.2 to A.7 for PtP WDM PON. These values are consistent with the maximum optical path
penalties (OPPs) specified. They take into account the worst-case fibre dispersion coefficient over
the operating wavelength band.
9.3.6 Receiver at reference point R
All parameters are specified as follows, in accordance with Tables 11-4 to 11-7 for TWDM PON
and Tables A.2 to A.7 for PtP WDM PON.
9.3.6.1 Receiver sensitivity
The receiver sensitivity is specified as a power level and is expressed in decibels relative to 1 mW.
To satisfy the requirement, a component or device must be qualified at or below the specified power
level.
9.3.6.2 Receiver overload
The receiver overload is specified as a power level and is expressed in decibels relative to 1 mW.
To satisfy the requirement, a component/device must be qualified at or above the specified power
level.
9.3.6.3 Maximum optical path penalty
The optical path penalty is specified as a ratio greater than one and is expressed in decibels. The
optical link budget for a particular ODN optical loss class is satisfied, only if the difference between
the minimum transmitter mean launch optical power (in decibels relative to 1 mW) and the receiver
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 7

sensitivity (in decibels relative to 1 mW) is equal to or exceeds the sum of the maximum OPP
(in decibels) and the maximum optical path loss (in decibels) specified for the given ODN optical
loss class.
9.3.6.4 Maximum reflectance measured at the receiver wavelength
The maximum reflectance of equipment at S/R-CG or R/S reference point, measured at the receiver
wavelength, is specified as a ratio less than one and is expressed in decibels. To satisfy the
requirement, a component/device must not exceed the specified ratio.
9.3.6.5 Clock extraction capability
Conventional clock extraction applies for continuous data transmission, i.e., as used for TWDM
PON downstream and PtP WDM PON in both directions.
For TDMA burst mode transmission, the clock of the upstream transmission signal is extracted
rapidly from several alternating bits in the preamble. The clock extracted from the preamble is
maintained at least during reception of the signal from the delimiter through the end of the upstream
assigned burst, or is continuously extracted from the signal after the preamble during reception of
the assigned burst.
9.3.6.6 Consecutive identical digit immunity
The consecutive identical digit (CID) immunity is specified as a bit pattern length. To satisfy the
requirement, the system must meet or exceed the specified length.
9.3.6.7 Transmission quality and error performance
The bit error ratio reference level describes the quality of the transmission system. The BER
reference level is specified for performing measurements of the receiver sensitivity and overload. A
compliant system provides BER equal to or better than the specified value.
9.3.7 Tunable characteristics for transmitter and receiver
A key feature of NG-PON2 is the ability to tune the ONU transmitter and receiver. In the OLT to
ONU downstream direction, a tunable ONU receiver is required to select the proper wavelength
channel. In the ONU to OLT upstream direction, the ONU transmitter is tuned to emit at the desired
wavelength channel. There are two characteristics of tunable transmitter/receiver; channel control
and wavelength control. For wavelength control, two types of mechanisms are allowed; one
requires OLT and ONU interaction to manage the wavelength, the other requires the ONU to be in
complete control of the wavelength.
The mechanisms of the tuning process are outside the scope of this Recommendation. Note that the
specifications in the optical interface parameter tables in clause 11 and Annex A must be met
throughout the tuning process to avoid any rogue behaviour.
The central frequency, spectral excursion, channel spacing (CS) and tuning characteristics are
specified in the respective clauses and annexes of this Recommendation. This Recommendation
classifies the wavelength channel tuning time of a receiver or transmitter into three classes. These
classes may enable different use cases, but the definition of the use cases are outside the scope of
this Recommendation.
8 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Table 9-2 – Classes of transmitter/receiver wavelength
channel tuning times
Class 1 ˂ 10 μs, any channel to any channel
Class 2 10 μs to 25 ms, any channel to any channel
Class 2R1 10 μs to 25 ms, any channel to a channel not more than 100 GHz away
Class 2R2 10 μs to 25 ms, any channel to a channel not more than 200 GHz away
Class 3 25 ms to 1 s, any channel to any channel
9.3.8 Minimum side mode suppression ratio

The minimum side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) is specified in logarithmic form and is
expressed in decibels as a positive number. To satisfy the requirement, the component/device must
meet or exceed the specified ratio.
SMSR is measured on the laser output, before any filtering. This prevents a significant mode
partition noise penalty. Other limitations on out-of-band (OOB)/out-of-channel (OOC) power still
apply to the equipment interface.
9.3.9 Out-of-channel power spectral density mask
The OOC-PSD must not exceed certain levels that depend on the optical frequency offset from the
nominal channel central frequency (f0). These limits are depicted in Figure 9-1, in terms of the
specified CS and the specified maximum spectral excursion (MSE). OOC2 is the limit within the
± MSE interval of each channel, and OOC1 is the limit in between those intervals. A transmitter
must comply with the mask when it is tuned anywhere within its MSE. The details of the mask near
the band edges are further discussed in App. VIII.5.
Figure 9-1 – OOC-PSD mask definition
10 Crosstalk-to-signal ratio tolerance for NG-PON2

In the previously specified PON systems, the crosstalk-to-signal ratio (X/S) tolerance characteristics
have applied only to the ONU. However, NG-PON2 is a multi-wavelength architecture and as such,
the NG-PON2 wavelength channels not intended for a particular receiver (either at the ONU or at
the OLT) can be considered interfering signals. This clause specifies X/S characteristics for both the
ONU and the OLT. It is anticipated that the ONU will provide X/S filtering directly at the ONU's
receiver; whereas X/S filtering at the OLT will likely be external to the OLT receiver, or
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 9

in combination with the receiver. In any case, this Recommendation specifies only the X/S filtering
needed and leaves the method of obtaining that X/S to the implementers of this Recommendation.
As NG-PON2 is a multi-wavelength system, interfering signals may derive from other NG-PON2
wavelength channels. In the case of the ONU, interfering signals may also derive from coexisting
legacy systems such as G-PON, XG-PON1, RF video overlay and maintenance wavelengths from
optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR). To minimize the effect of interfering signals,
NG-PON2 receivers need to reject them using an appropriate wavelength filtering. This
Recommendation does not specify the isolation characteristics of the wavelength filtering directly,
but specifies the X/S tolerance of the NG-PON2 receiver 1 . Here, S is the optical power of an
individual wavelength channel within an aggregate NG-PON2 signal, and X is that of the
aggregated interfering signals, consisting of legacy signals and other NG-PON2 wavelength
channels. Both are measured at the receiver reference point R, corresponding to the IF reference
points specified in Figure 6-1.
The interfering signal format for measuring X/S tolerance is a non-return to zero (NRZ) pseudo-
random code with the same line rate as the target NG-PON2 signal. In the case of both TWDM
PON and PtP WDM PON, eight channels are considered the worst-case configuration.
The wavelength filtering is divided into two parts: a wideband X/S, based on legacy system
considerations and a narrowband X/S based on the NG-PON2 wavelength channels.
10.1 Wideband X/S tolerance mask definition

This clause describes the generic X/S tolerance of NG-PON2 devices. It makes no assumption
about additional services using the wavelength band specified in this Recommendation.
10.1.1 Wideband ONU X/S tolerance
Figure 10-1 shows the generic PON X/S tolerance mask that allows the NG-PON2 ONU receiver to
meet its sensitivity requirements in the presence of legacy systems. Implementers need to specify
the isolation characteristics of the wavelength filters to obtain enough isolation of the interfering
signal(s). The wavelengths and total optical power of all additional services must fall beneath the
mask of Figure 10-1 to allow coexistence with NG-PON2 ONUs.
Figure 10-1 – X/S tolerance mask for TWDM PON ONU
____________________
1 The X/S definition is intended to capture the worst-case difference in interfering signal levels (X) relative
to the intended data signal (S). In order to derive the actual isolation value, the X/S value is added to the
required level of isolation from the interfering signal to obtain a stated degradation of "x" dB to the data
signal.
10 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

S: Received optical power for target channel in TWDM PON downstream band.
X: Maximum total power of other optical signals received in the blocking wavelength band.
X/S: The value in the mask (hatched area) allows the NG-PON2 receiver to meet its sensitivity
requirements
The wideband ONU X/S tolerance mask of PtP WDM PON can be derived by analogy with the
TWDM PON X/S tolerance mask above. The specific values are for further study (FFS).
10.1.2 Wideband OLT X/S tolerance
The separation of legacy system wavelengths from the NG-PON2 wavelengths is accomplished by
the coexistence element (CE), as defined in [ITU-T G.984.5]. This device must have sufficient
isolation to allow the OLT to operate within specifications. As the CE is not part of the OLT
equipment, there are no requirements on the OLT equipment for wideband X/S tolerance.
10.2 Narrowband TWDM PON X/S tolerance mask

The narrowband TWDM PON X/S mask is shown in Figure 10-2, using the particular value tables
as given below. The TWDM-PON self-interference configuration is common to both the ONU and
OLT. This configuration of one desired wavelength and 14 potentially interfering wavelengths is
devised to approximate the worst-case crosstalk situation. Of the 14 interference locations, only
seven contiguous points will be populated at any one time. That is to say, if the central frequency is
on channel C (C being of the value one through eight), the shortest wavelength interferer would be
at channel one and the longest wavelength interferer would be on channel eight. The receiver is
required to have its specified sensitivity for the desired signal over the wavelength band S- to S+,
despite the fact that the seven interferers are present with power level X and modulated with a
TWDM PON signal format of the same rate as the signal channel.
10.2.1 Narrowband ONU X/S tolerance mask
In addition to the TWDM interferers, there are an assumed eight PtP WDM interferers, both
downstream and upstream. The upstream interference channels (which result from the potential for
a 32 dB ORL in the ODN) have a power level Y and modulated with an NRZ signal at a similar
data rate as the signal channel. The downstream interference channels have a power level Z and are
modulated with an NRZ signal at the similar data rate as the signal channel.
The parameters of the downstream mask are given in Table 10-1.
Figure 10-2 – X/S tolerance mask for TWDM PON
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 11

Table 10-1 – TWDM PON downstream (ONU receive)
X/S parameters
Parameter Value
X-7 C + MSE – 7*CS
X-6 C + MSE – 6*CS
X-5 C + MSE – 5*CS
X-4 C + MSE – 4*CS
X-3 C + MSE – 3*CS
X-2 C + MSE – 2*CS
X-1 C + MSE – CS
S- C – MSE
C Central frequency of ONU filter
S+ C + MSE
X+1 C – MSE + CS
X+2 C – MSE + 2*CS
X+3 C – MSE + 3*CS
X+4 C – MSE + 4*CS
X+5 C – MSE + 5*CS
X+6 C – MSE + 6*CS
X+7 C – MSE + 7*CS
S Receiver sensitivity + optical path penalty
X S + 4 dB (Note 1)
Y1
Y2
Y3
Y4
Y5
Y6
Y7
Y8
Y S + 6 dB (Note 2)
Z1
Z2
Z3
Z4
Z5
Z6
Z7
Z8
12 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Table 10-1 – TWDM PON downstream (ONU receive)
X/S parameters
Parameter Value
Z 2.48832 Gbit/s: S + 7 dB (Note 3)
9.95328 Gbit/s: S + 8 dB
NOTE 1 – 4 dB is the worst-case OLT transmitter power differential.
NOTE 2 – 7 dB is the maximum PtP WDM ONU transmitter power (+9 dBm) less
the ORL (32 dB) less the TWDM OLT receiver sensitivity (–30 dBm).
NOTE 3 – The 2.48832 Gbit/s value (7 dB) is the maximum PtP WDM to TWDM
OLT transmitter power differential for a 2.5G TWDM downstream link. The 9.95328
Gbit/s value (8 dB) is the maximum PtP WDM to TWDM OLT transmitter power
differential for a 10G TWDM downstream link.
10.2.2 Narrowband OLT X/S tolerance mask

The parameters of the OLT X/S mask are given in Table 10-2. Note that for the TWDM PON
upstream, the PtP WDM channels are located so far away in wavelength that they are assumed to be
filtered effectively by the TWDM PON diplexer.
Table 10-2 – TWDM PON upstream (OLT receive) X/S parameters

Parameter Value
X-7 C + MSE – 7*CS
X-6 C + MSE – 6*CS
X-5 C + MSE – 5*CS
X-4 C + MSE – 4*CS
X-3 C + MSE – 3*CS
X-2 C + MSE – 2*CS
X-1 C + MSE – CS
S- C – MSE
C Central frequency of OLT filter
S+ C + MSE
X+1 C – MSE + CS
X+2 C – MSE + 2*CS
X+3 C – MSE + 3*CS
X+4 C – MSE + 4*CS
X+5 C – MSE + 5*CS
X+6 C – MSE + 6*CS
X+7 C – MSE + 7*CS
S Receiver sensitivity + optical path penalty
X S + 20 dB (Note)
NOTE – 20 dB is the worst-case TWDM ONU transmitter power differential (5 dB)
plus the differential optical path loss (15 dB).
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 13

The narrowband X/S tolerance of PtP WDM PON can be derived by analogy with the TWDM PON
X/S tolerance above.
11 TWDM PON PMD layer requirements
11.1 PMD layer requirements

The TWDM PON system must support a minimum of four TWDM channels. It may also support an
optional extension up to eight TWDM channels.
All parameters are specified as follows, and are in accordance with Tables 11-4 to 11-7.
All parameter values specified are met under the worst-case operating conditions such as
temperature and humidity, and include ageing effects, as specified in [ITU-T G.989.1]. The
parameters are specified relative to a BER Reference level not worse than the values specified in
Tables 11-4 to 11-7, for the worst-case optical path loss (see Table 6-1) and fibre chromatic
dispersion.
11.1.1 Nominal Line rate and clock accuracy
The transmission line rate is a multiple of 8 kHz.
Parameters to be specified are categorized by downstream and upstream nominal line rates and
downstream/upstream rate combinations as shown in Table 11-1. Each TWDM channel in the
channel group on a TWDM PON can use any of the line rate options specified in Table 11-1.
Table 11-1 – Relation between TWDM PON line rate options

and optical parameter tables
Nominal line rate, Reference table,
downstream/upstream (Gbit/s) downstream/upstream
Basic rate 9.95328/2.48832 Table 11-5/Table 11-6
Rate option 1 9.95328/9.95328 Table 11-5/Table 11-7
Rate option 2 2.48832/2.48832 Table 11-4/Table 11-6
11.1.1.1 Downstream clock accuracy

When the OLT and the end office (the facility of the OLT and synchronization source) are in their
normal operating state, the OLT is typically traceable to a Stratum-1 reference (accuracy of
1 × 10−11). When the OLT is in its free running mode, the accuracy of the downstream signal is at
least that of a Stratum-4 clock (3.2 × 10–5). OLTs intended for timing-critical applications such as
mobile backhaul may require Stratum-3 quality in free-running mode.
NOTE – The OLT may derive its timing from either a dedicated timing signal source or from a synchronous
data interface (line timing). A packet-based timing source may also be used.
11.1.1.2 Upstream clock accuracy
When in one of its operating states and granted an allocation, the ONU transmits its signal with
frequency accuracy equal to that of the received downstream signal.
11.1.2 Line code
The convention used for optical logic levels is:
• high level of light emission for a binary ONE;
• low level of light emission for a binary ZERO.
14 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

11.1.2.1 Downstream
Downstream line coding for 9.95328 Gbit/s: scrambled NRZ.
Downstream line coding for 2.48832 Gbit/s: scrambled NRZ.
In addition to the schemes described in Appendix VI, two line code schemes are described in
Appendix IX that are intended to offer mitigation of Raman crosstalk impairments on RF video
overlay.
11.1.2.2 Upstream
Upstream line coding for 2.48832 Gbit/s: scrambled NRZ.
Upstream line coding for 9.95328 Gbit/s: scrambled NRZ for 20 km reach.
Upstream line coding for 9.95328 Gbit/s: scrambled NRZ for 40 km reach. Other coding schemes
for 40 km may be considered and could result in lower OPPs with alternative transmitter
technologies. These other coding schemes are for further study.
11.1.2.3 Electronic dispersion compensation
Electronic dispersion compensation (EDC) may be used in the OLT (ONU) transmitter to achieve
the OPP specified in the optical interface parameter tables. At the ONU (OLT) receiver, EDC may
also be used. The use of EDC is outside the scope of this Recommendation.
11.1.3 Operating wavelength
The operating wavelength bands for TWDM PON are specified in clause 9.2.
The downstream frequency is described in Table 11-2.
Table 11-2 – TWDM channel downstream frequency plan

Channel Central frequency (THz) Wavelength (nm)
1 187.8 1596.34
2 187.7 1597.19
3 187.6 1598.04
4 187.5 1598.89
5 187.4 1599.75
6 187.3 1600.60
7 187.2 1601.46
8 187.1 1602.31
NOTE – Channels 1-4 are assigned to TWDM with four downstream wavelengths. Channels 5-8 are
optionally assigned to TWDM and may be used by PtP WDM or other systems if not reserved for TWDM
expansion.
The frequency values in this table are normative, while the wavelength values are for information only.
11.1.4 PMD parameters

11.1.4.1 Compatible optical distribution network
TWDM PON operates over an ODN whose parameters are described by Table 11-3.
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 15

Table 11-3 – Physical parameters of a simple ODN
Item Unit Specification
Fibre type (Note 1) – [ITU-T G.652], or compatible
Attenuation range (as defined in clause 9.3.5.1) dB See Table 6-1
Maximum fibre distance between km DD20: 20
S/R-CG and R/S points (as specified in Table 6-2) DD40: 40
(Note 2)
Minimum fibre distance between km 0
S/R-CG and R/S points (as specified in Table 6-2)
Maximum differential optical path loss dB 15
Bidirectional transmission – 1-fibre WDM
Maintenance wavelength nm See [ITU-T L.313]
NOTE 1 – See clause 9.3.1.1.
NOTE 2 – Support of 60 km fibre distance may require reach extenders (REs).
11.1.4.2 Optical interface parameters of downstream direction

The following downstream optical interface tables are applicable for 20 km and 40 km fibre length
and 1 to 8 TWDM channels.
Table 11-4 – Optical interface parameters of 2.48832 Gbit/s downstream direction

Item Unit Value
OLT transmitter (optical interface S)
Nominal line rate Gbit/s 2.48832 (Note 1)
Operating wavelength band nm 1596-1603
Operating central frequency THz Table 11-2
Operating channel spacing GHz 100 (Note 2)
Maximum spectral excursion GHz +/–20
Line code – Scrambled NRZ (Note 1)
Mask of the transmitter eye diagram – See clause 11.1.5.3
Maximum reflectance of equipment at dB NA
S/R-CG, measured at transmitter
wavelength
Minimum ORL of ODN at S/R-CG dB 32
ODN class N1 N2 E1 E2
Mean channel launch power minimum dBm +0.0 +2.0 +4.0 +6.0
(at S/R-CG)
Mean channel launch power maximum dBm +4.0 +6.0 +8.0 +10
(at S/R-CG)
Maximum downstream WNE-PSD dBm –63.5
(15 GHz)
Minimum extinction ratio (Note 3) dB 8.2
Tolerance to reflected optical power dB –15
Dispersion range ps/nm 0-420 (DD20)
0-840 (DD40)
16 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Item Unit Value
Minimum side mode suppression ratio dB 30
(at S/R-CP)
Maximum downstream per channel dBm –44.9 (4 channels)
out-of-band optical PSD (Note 4) (15 GHz) –52.1 (8 channels)
out-of-channel optical PSD (Note 5) (15 GHz) –42.4 (8 channels)
Jitter generation – See clause 11.1.5.4.3
ONU receiver (optical interface R)
Maximum OPP (Note 6) dB 1.0
Maximum reflectance of equipment at dB –20
R/S, measured at receiver wavelength
Bit error ratio reference level – 10–4 (Note 7)
Rx wavelength channel tuning time See Table 9-2
Maximum tuning granularity GHz 5
Sensitivity (at R/S) dBm –30.0 –30.0 –30.0 –30.0
Overload (at R/S) dBm –10.0 –10.0 –10.0 –10.0

In-band crosstalk tolerance dB 32.3
(15 GHz)
Consecutive identical digit immunity bit 72
Jitter tolerance – See clause 11.1.5.4.2
NOTE 1 – Two additional line codes that have been developed to facilitate support of the RF Video
Overlay are covered in Appendix IX.
NOTE 2 – Minor deviations from the nominal 100 GHz spacing are allowed in order to accommodate a
combined wavelength mux/demux device, see Table 11-2.
NOTE 3 – A lower extinction ratio is allowed but must be compensated by a larger transmitter launch
power within the limits of the "Mean launch power maximum" value. However, the impact of reduced ER
on OOB/OOC power must be considered.
NOTE 4 – This value is based on the following assumptions: OOB impact from TWDM PON on PtP
WDM PON can be controlled through appropriate filtering, 0.1 dB penalty, PtP WDM PON operates
without FEC, and 4 or 8 interfering TWDM channels, respectively.
NOTE 5 – This value is based on the following assumptions: OOC in downstream can be controlled
through filtering from WM, 0.1 dB penalty, TWDM PON operates with FEC, and 4 or 8 TWDM channels
(three or seven interferers), respectively.
NOTE 6 – The specified OPP is valid up to a 40 km optical link distance. If the actual OPP is worse than
the specified value, it must be compensated by the transmitter launch power increase up to the limits of the
Mean launch power maximum.
NOTE 7 – See clause 9.4.1 of [b-ITU-T G.Sup39] for additional details.
NOTE 8 – The definition of In-band crosstalk tolerance and its implication on receiver sensitivity is
defined in clause 3.2.2.10 of [ITU-T G.989].
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 17

Item Unit Value
Nominal line rate Gbit/s 9.95328 (Note 1)
Operating wavelength band nm 1596-1603
Operating central frequency THz Table 11-2
Operating channel spacing GHz 100 (Note 2)
Maximum spectral excursion GHz +/–20
Line code – Scrambled NRZ (Note 1)
Mask of the transmitter eye diagram – See clause 11.1.5.3
S/R-CG, measured at transmitter
wavelength
ODN Class N1 N2 E1 E2
(at S/R-CG)
Mean channel launch power maximum dBm +7.0 +9.0 +11.0 +11.0
(at S/R-CG)
(15 GHz)
Dispersion range ps/nm 0-420 (DD20)
0-840 (DD40)
(at S/R-CP)
out-of-band optical PSD (Note 4) (15 GHz) –52.1 (8 channels)
out-of-channel optical PSD (Note 5) (15 GHz) –42.4 (8 channels)
Maximum OPP (Note 6) dB 2.0
R/S, measured at receiver wavelength
Maximum tuning granularity GHz 5
Sensitivity (at R/S) dBm –28.0 –28.0 –28.0 –28.0
Overload (at R/S) dBm –7.0 –7.0 –7.0 –9.0
18 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Item Unit Value
(15 GHz)
NOTE 1 – Two additional line codes that have been developed to facilitate support of the RF video
overlay are covered in Appendix IX.
NOTE 2 – Minor deviations from the nominal 100 GHz spacing are allowed in order to accommodate a
combined wavelength mux/demux, see Table 11-2.
without FEC, and 4 or 8 interfering TWDM channels, respectively.
NOTE 5 – This value is based on the following assumptions: OOC in downstream can be controlled
through filtering from WM, 0.1 dB penalty, TWDM PON operates with FEC, and 4 or 8 TWDM channels
(three or seven interferers), respectively.
NOTE 6 – The specified OPP is valid up to a 40 km optical link distance. If the actual OPP is worse than
the specified value, it must be compensated by the transmitter launch power increase up to the limits of the
Mean launch power maximum.
NOTE 7 – See clause 9.4.1 of [b-ITU-T G.Sup39], for additional details.
11.1.4.3 Optical interface parameters of upstream direction

The following upstream optical interface parameter tables are applicable to 20 and 40 km fibre
length, and 1 to 8 TWDM channels.
Table 11-6 – Optical interface parameters of 2.48832 Gbit/s upstream direction

Item Unit Value
ONU transmitter (optical interface S)
Nominal line rate Gbit/s 2.48832
Operating wavelength band nm 1524-1544 (wide band option),
1528-1540 (reduced band option)
1532-1540 (narrow band option)
Minimum operating channel spacing GHz 50
Maximum operating channel spacing GHz 200
Maximum spectral excursion GHz +/–12.5 (for 50 GHz CS)
(over 1 OLT-ONU tuning cycle) (Note 1) +/–20 (for 100 GHz CS)
+/–25 (for 200 GHz CS)
Transmitter power wavelength dependency dB +/–0.05 dB/GHz
(Note 13)
Minimum tuning window (Note 2) GHz (N+1)*CS
When using cyclic channel grid (N-1)*CS+2*MSE
When not using cyclic channel grid
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 19

Item Unit Value
Maximum tuning granularity GHz CS/20
Tx wavelength channel tuning time See Table 9-2
Line code – Scrambled NRZ
Mask of the transmitter eye diagram – See clause 11.1.5.3.2
Maximum reflectance of equipment at R/S, dB –32
measured at transmitter wavelength
(Note 19)
Minimum ORL of ODN at R/S dB 32
Mean channel launch power minimum
(at R/S)
– Type A link (Note 3) dBm +4 +4 +4 +4
– Type B link (Note 4) dBm 0 0 0 0
Mean channel launch power maximum
(at R/S) (Note 14)
– Type A link (Note 3) dBm +9 +9 +9 +9
– Type B link (Note 4) dBm +5 +5 +5 +5
Maximum Tx enable transient time bits 320
(128.6)
Maximum Tx disable transient time bits 320
(128.6)
Dispersion range ps/nm 0 to 355 (DD20)
0 to 710 (DD40)
(Note 6)
Maximum upstream out-of-band optical dBm –57.4 (4 channels)
PSD (Note 7) (15GHz) –64.6 (8 channels)
Maximum upstream out-of-channel optical dBm –36.7 for 50GHz CS
PSD – OOC1 (Note 8) (15 GHz) –40.5 for 100 GHz CS
–44.4 for 200 GHz CS
Maximum upstream out-of-channel optical dBm –41.6 (4 channels)
PSD – OOC2 (Note 8) (15 GHz) –48.8 (8 channels)
Maximum upstream WNE-PSD (Note 9) dBm –62.6
(15 GHz)
Jitter transfer – See clause 11.1.5.4.1
20 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Item Unit Value
OLT receiver (optical interface R)
Maximum OPP (Note 10) dB
– with Raman effects (DD20, 4 channel) 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5
(Note 15)
Maximum OPP excluding Raman (Note 17) dB
– DD20 0.5
– DD40 1.0
Maximum reflectance of equipment at S/R- dB –20
CG, measured at receiver wavelength
Sensitivity (at S/R-CG, based on DD20,
4 channel) (Note 12)
– Type A link (Note 3) dBm –26 –28 –30.5 –32.5
– Type B link (Note 4) dBm –30 –32 –34.5 –36.5
Overload (at S/R-CG)
– Type A link (Note 3) dBm –5 –7 –9 –11
– Type B link (Note 4) dBm –9 –11 –13 –15
In-band crosstalk tolerance (Type A) dB 26.0 26.0 25.1 24.1
(Note 18) (Type B) (15 GHz) 22.0 22.0 21.1 20.1
NOTE 1 – MSE values of other CS can be interpolated from the three given values.
NOTE 2 – N is the channel count. When using cyclic channel grid, if CS is 100 GHz, the minimum tuning
windows are 500 GHz and 900 GHz for four and eight channel TWDM PONs, respectively. When using
cyclic channel grid, if CS is 50 GHz, the minimum tuning windows are 250 GHz and 450 GHz for four
and eight channel TWDM PONs, respectively. When not using cyclic channel grid, if CS is 100 GHz, its
minimum tuning windows are 340 GHz and 740 GHz for four and eight channel TWDM PONs,
respectively. When not using cyclic channel grid, if CS is 50 GHz, the minimum tuning windows are
175 GHz and 375 GHz for 4 and 8 channel TWDM PONs, respectively.
NOTE 3 – Type A link values assume an unamplified OLT receiver. However, an amplified OLT receiver
is not precluded.
NOTE 4 – Type B link values assume an amplified OLT receiver with the amplifier at the S/R-CG
reference point. However, other amplifier approaches, including an unamplified OLT receiver are not
precluded.
NOTE 6 – SMSR is measured on the laser output, before any filtering. This prevents a significant mode
partition noise penalty. Other limitations on OOB and OOC PSD still apply to the R/S reference point.
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 21

Item Unit Value
without FEC, and four or eight interfering TWDM channels, respectively.
NOTE 8 – See OOC-PSD mask in clause 9.3.9. These values are based on the following assumptions:
1 dB US OOC penalty, TWDM PON operates with FEC, and four or eight TWDM channels (three or
seven interferers), respectively. In some implementations, this requirement may be achieved by more
tightly regulating the Tx output power (lowering the maximum level while maintaining the minimum
level).
NOTE 9 – This value is based on the following assumptions: 0.1 dB penalty, TWDM PON operates with
FEC, and 64 TWDM PON ONUs in one channel (63 interferers).
NOTE 10 – The specified penalty takes into account the class-specific Tx power, distance, and number of
wavelengths. The maximum OPP values assume no SR-/CG located splitters and low optical fibre loss,
resulting in the worst case Raman effect. ODNs that include high loss elements near the OLT or higher
loss optical cable will exhibit lower penalties.
NOTE 12 – See clause 11.1.4.3.1 for an approach to accommodate the case of 40 km and 8 wavelengths.
NOTE 13 – This parameter is applicable for ONU transmitters that require OLT interaction to tune the
transmitting wavelength.
NOTE 14 – An optical power levelling mechanism can be applied to the ONU in order to help meet the
OOB/OOC PSD and OLT Rx overload parameters. The concept of optical power levelling is described in
Annex D.
NOTE 15 – The 4 channel, DD20 values are rounded up from those actually calculated.
NOTE 17 – If the actual OPP is worse than the specified value, it must be compensated by increasing the
transmitter mean launch power minimum specification by X dB for each X dB of extra OPP
allowance, where X < 1.5 dB, while meeting all other Tx specifications. High penalty operation poses
some risks, and PMD interoperability testing should be employed to measure the actual OPP with a
receiver subject to in-band crosstalk as specified elsewhere in this table. To avoid system operation in very
high penalty regimes, this note is only applicable to the DD20 fibre distance class.
NOTE 18 – These values vary for each budget class based on the worst case combination of PtP WDM
PON OOB, TWDM PON OOC, TWDM PON WNE-PSD and TWDM PON upstream ONU echoes
(accounting for the maximum ODN split that can be obtained in each optical path loss class).
NOTE 19 – This value is based on the following assumptions: consideration of multiple upstream ONU
echoes and penalties of 0.4 dB (for N1) up to 0.8 dB (for E2).

Item Unit Value
Nominal line rate Gbit/s 9.95328
Operating wavelength band nm 1524-1544 (wide band option),
1528-1540 (reduced band option)
1532-1540 (narrow band option)
22 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Item Unit Value
Maximum spectral excursion (Note 1) GHz +/–12.5 (for 50 GHz CS)
(over 1 OLT-ONU tuning cycle) +/–20 (for 100 GHz CS)
+/–25 (for 200 GHz CS)
Transmitter power wavelength dependency dB +/–0.02 dB/GHz
(Note 13)
Minimum tuning window (Note 2) GHz
When using cyclic channel grid (N+1)*CS
When not using cyclic channel grid (N-1)*CS+2*MSE
Tx wavelength channel tuning time See Table 9-2
Line code – Scrambled NRZ (20 km)
Scrambled NRZ (40 km) (Note 15)
Mask of the transmitter eye diagram – See clause 11.1.5.3.2
(Note 20)
(at R/S)
– Type A link (Note 3) dBm +4.0 +4.0 +4.0 NA
– Type B link (Note 4) dBm +2.0 +2.0 +2.0 +4.0
(at R/S) (Note 14)
– Type A link (Note 3) dBm +9.0 +9.0 +9.0 NA
– Type B link (Note 4) dBm +7.0 +7.0 +7.0 +9.0
Maximum Tx enable transient time Bits 1280
(ns) (128.6)
Maximum Tx disable transient time Bits 1280
(ns) (128.6)
Dispersion range ps/nm 0 to 355 (DD20)
(Note 6)
Maximum upstream out-of-band optical PSD dBm –57.4 (4 channels)
(Note 7) (15 GHz) –64.6 (8 channels)
Maximum upstream out-of-channel optical dBm –41.6 (4 channels)
PSD – OOC2 (Note 8) (15 GHz) –48.5 (8 channels)
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 23

Item Unit Value
Maximum upstream WNE-PSD (Note 9) dBm –62.6
(15 GHz)
Jitter transfer – See clause 11.1.5.4.1
Maximum OPP (Note 10, 15) dB
(Note 16)
Maximum OPP excluding Raman (Note 18) dB
– DD20 0.5
– DD40 1.5
Maximum reflectance of equipment dB Less than –20
at S/R-CG, measured at receiver wavelength
Sensitivity (at S/R-CG) , based on DD20,
4 channel)
(Note 5 and Note 12)
– Type A link (Note 3) dBm –26.0 –28.0 –30.5 NA
– Type B link (Note 4) dBm –28.0 –30.0 –32.5 –32.5
Overload (at S/R-CG)
– Type A link (Note 3) dBm –5.0 –7.0 –9.0 NA
– Type B link (Note 4) dBm –7.0 –9.0 –11.0 –11.0
In-band crosstalk tolerance (Type A) dB 26.0 26.0 25.1 24.1
(Note 19) (Type B) (15 GHz) 24.0 24.0 23.1 22.1
NOTE 1 – MSE values of other CS can be interpolated from the three given values.
NOTE 2 – N is the channel count. When using cyclic channel grid, if CS is 100 GHz, the minimum tuning
windows are 500 GHz and 900 GHz for 4 and 8 channel TWDM PONs, respectively. When using cyclic
channel grid, if CS is 50 GHz, the minimum tuning windows are 250 GHz and 450 GHz for four and eight
channel TWDM PONs, respectively. When not using cyclic channel grid, if CS is 100 GHz, its minimum
tuning windows are 340 GHz and 740 GHz for four and eight channel TWDM PONs, respectively. When
not using cyclic channel grid, if CS is 50 GHz, the minimum tuning windows are 175 GHz and 375 GHz
for 4 and 8 channel TWDM PONs, respectively.
NOTE 3 – Type A link values assume an unamplified OLT receiver. However, an amplified OLT receiver
is not precluded.
NOTE 4 – Type B link values assume an amplified OLT receiver with the amplifier at the S/R-CG
reference point. However, other amplifier approaches, including an unamplified OLT receiver are not
24 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Item Unit Value
precluded.
power within the limits of the "Mean launch power maximum" value. However the impact of reduced ER
on OOB/OOC power must be considered. A lower "Mean launch power minimum" is allowed but must be
compensated by higher extinction ratio. For quantitative treatment of these tradeoffs, see clause 11.1.4.3.2.
NOTE 6 – SMSR is measured on the laser output, before any filtering. This prevents a significant mode
partition noise penalty. Other limitations on OOB and OOC PSD still apply to the R/S reference point.
without FEC, and four or eight interfering TWDM channels, respectively.
NOTE 8 – See OOC-PSD mask in clause 9.3.9. These values are based on the following assumptions:
1 dB US OOC penalty, TWDM PON operates with FEC, and four or eight TWDM channels (three or
seven interferers), respectively. In some implementations, this requirement may be achieved by more
tightly regulating the Tx output power (lowering the maximum level while maintaining the minimum
level).
NOTE 9 – This value is based on the following assumptions: 0.1 dB penalty, TWDM PON operates with
FEC, and 64 TWDM PON ONUs in one channel (63 interferers).
NOTE 10 – The specified penalty takes into account the class-specific Tx power, distance, and number of
wavelengths. The maximum OPP values assume no SR-/CG located based splitters and low optical fibre
loss, resulting in the worst case Raman effect. ODNs that include high loss elements near the OLT or
higher loss optical cable will exhibit lower penalties.
NOTE 11 – See clause 9.4.1 [b-ITU-T G.Sup39] for additional details.
NOTE 12 – See clause 11.1.4.3.1 for an approach to accommodate the case of 40 km and eight
wavelengths.
NOTE 13 – This parameter is applicable for ONU transmitters that require OLT interaction to tune the
transmitting wavelength.
NOTE 14 – An optical power levelling mechanism can be applied to the ONU in order to help meet the
OOB/OOC PSD and OLT Rx overload parameters. The concept of optical power levelling is described in
Annex D.
NOTE 15 – Scrambled NRZ is assumed for the OPP parameter values. Other coding schemes for 40 km
may result in lower OPPs with alternative transmitter technologies. These other coding schemes are for
further study.
NOTE 16 – The 4 channel, DD20 values are rounded up from those actually calculated.
NOTE 18 – If the actual OPP is worse than the specified value, it must be compensated by increasing the
transmitter mean launch power minimum specification by X dB for each X dB of extra OPP
allowance, where X < 1.5 dB, while meeting all other Tx specifications. High penalty operation poses
some risks, and PMD interoperability testing should be employed to measure the actual OPP with a
receiver subject to in-band crosstalk as specified elsewhere in this table. To avoid system operation in very
high penalty regimes, this note is only applicable to the DD20 fibre distance class.
NOTE 19 – These values vary for each budget class based on the worst case combination of PtP WDM
PON OOB, TWDM PON OOC, TWDM PON WNE-PSD and TWDM PON upstream ONU echoes
(accounting for the maximum ODN split that can be obtained in each optical path loss class).
NOTE 20 – This value is based on the following assumptions: consideration of multiple upstream ONU
echoes and penalties of 0.4 dB (for N1) up to 0.8 dB (for E2).
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 25

11.1.4.3.1 Example of upstream OPP and receiver substitution
The upstream tables specify the OLT receiver sensitivity for the base case of 20 km and four
TWDM channels. As noted in the tables above, if a different application is used, then the OPPs will
be different and potentially impact the optical link budget. The case of the 40 km and eight
wavelengths can be accommodated by selecting the OLT receiver specified for the next available
ODN class. For example, in Table 11-6, N2 class with 40 km and eight wavelengths needs an
additional 1.5 dB of optical link budget. Selecting the E1 class OLT provides a 2.0 dB improvement
and thereby meets the budget requirement.
11.1.4.3.2 Extinction ratio and minimum mean launch optical power trade off
This clause is applicable to transmitters subject to the requirement of Table 11-7.
Figure 11-0 – ONU transmitter power and ER admissible region,

subject to Table 11-7 requirements
The parameters of the ONU transmitter jointly specified by its mean optical launch power 𝑃̅ and
extinction ratio ER shall lie within an admissible region (shown as an overall shaded area in
Figure 11-0) which is bounded in the mean launch power by the lines 𝑃̅ ≥ 𝑃̅ min = 𝑃̅1 and
𝑃̅ ≤ 𝑃̅ max = 𝑃̅5 , and in the extinction ratio, from below, by a piece-wise linear segment specified
in Table 11-7bis for Type A transmitters and Table 11-7ter for Type B transmitters.
Table 11-7bis – The lower boundary ER and mean launch power pairs of the Type A ONU
transmitter admissible region
̅ 𝟏 , 𝑬𝑹𝟏 )
(𝑷 ̅ 𝟐 , 𝑬𝑹𝟐 ) (𝑷
(𝑷 ̅ 𝟑 , 𝑬𝑹𝟑 ) (𝑷
̅ 𝟒 , 𝑬𝑹𝟒 ) (𝑷
̅ 𝟓 , 𝑬𝑹𝟓 )
Mean launch optical power, dBm 3.0 4.0 5.0 7.0 9.0
Extinction ratio, dB 8.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 4.0
Table 11-7ter – The lower boundary ER and mean launch power pairs of the Type B ONU
transmitter admissible region
̅ 𝟏 , 𝑬𝑹𝟏 )
(𝑷 ̅ 𝟐 , 𝑬𝑹𝟐 ) (𝑷
(𝑷 ̅ 𝟑 , 𝑬𝑹𝟑 ) (𝑷
̅ 𝟒 , 𝑬𝑹𝟒 ) (𝑷
̅ 𝟓 , 𝑬𝑹𝟓 )
Mean launch optical power, dBm 1.0 2.0 3.5 5.0 7.0
Extinction ratio, dB 8.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 4.0
26 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

This admissible region represents a relaxation of the transmitter parameters as compared with the
requirements of Table 11-7, where the mean launch optical power and extinction ratio were
specified independently from each other (thus limiting the admissible region to a densely shaded
rectangular area in Figure 11-0). The boundaries shown by the square with the thin black lines
represent the allowable transmit power and extinction ratio defined in Table 11-7.
11.1.5 Transmitter at reference point S
All parameters are defined as follows, and are in accordance with Table 11-4 to Table 11-7.
11.1.5.1 Source type
Considering the attenuation/dispersion characteristics of the target fibre channel, suitable
transmitter devices include only single longitudinal mode (SLM) lasers. The indication of a nominal
source type in this Recommendation is not a requirement though it is also expected that only SLM
lasers meet all the distance and line rate requirements of both the downstream and upstream links.
11.1.5.2 Spectral characteristics
For SLM lasers, the laser is specified by its fibre dispersion range, the range over which the laser
characteristics and fibre dispersion result in a defined penalty at a specified fibre distance, under
standard operating conditions. Additionally, for control of mode partition noise in SLM systems, a
minimum value for the laser SMSR is specified. The actual spectral characteristics are limited by
the maximum amount of OPP produced with the worst-case optical dispersion in the data signal.
11.1.5.2.1 Operating wavelength band
Operating wavelength band specification options are summarized in Table 9-1.
11.1.5.2.2 Nominal central frequency
The central frequencies are based on the frequency grid given in [ITU-T G.694.1]. The downstream
central frequencies are specified in Table 11-2. Examples of TWDM upstream channel grid are in
Clause VIII.4.
Note that the value of "c" (speed of light in a vacuum) that is used for converting between
frequency and wavelength is 2.99792458  108 m/s.
11.1.5.2.3 Operating channel spacing
The specified value of the operating CS is used to parameterize the spectral properties of a laser.
11.1.5.2.4 Maximum spectral excursion
The maximum spectral excursion is specified as a one-sided deviation from the nominal central
wavelength and is expressed in gigahertz. The maximum spectral excursion requirement applies to
fixed wavelength transmitters as well as tunable wavelength transmitters. For tunable wavelength
transmitters, it only applies while they are in a stationary wavelength channel state.
Among the tunable transmitters, the maximum spectral excursion requirement applies to both
tunable transmitters, which are under fine wavelength control of the OLT, and tunable transmitters,
which are not under fine wavelength control of the OLT.
In the application to NG-PON2, MSE is the total allowable excursion due to:
• spectral width, tuning granularity, short-term wavelength drift (over one OLT-ONU tuning
cycle) and tuning control errors, when tunable ONU transmitters under fine OLT control
are used;
• spectral width, tuning granularity and tuning accuracy, when tunable ONU transmitters not
under fine OLT control are used.
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 27

Figure 11-1 – Spectral excursion illustration
The NRZ 'zero' power is allowed outside of the MSE but impact on OOC power must be
considered.
11.1.5.2.5 Minimum tuning window
The minimum tuning window is specified as a positive number in gigahertz. To satisfy the
requirement, a component or device must meet or exceed the specified value.
11.1.5.2.6 Tuning granularity
The tuning granularity is specified as a positive number in gigahertz. To satisfy the requirement, a
component or device must not exceed the specified value.
11.1.5.2.7 ONU transmitter power wavelength dependency
The ONU transmitter power wavelength dependency is specified as a ratio greater than one and is
expressed in decibels. To satisfy the requirement a component or device must not exceed the
specified value.
11.1.5.2.8 Mean launch optical power
The mean launch optical power is specified as a range to allow for some cost optimization and to
cover all allowances for operation under standard operating conditions, transmitter connector
degradation, measurement tolerances and ageing effects.
In the operating state, the lower figure is the minimum power to be provided and the higher one is
the power never to be exceeded.
NOTE – Measurement of the launch power at the ONU reference point S optical interface must take into
account the bursty nature of the upstream traffic transmitted by the ONUs.
11.1.5.2.9 Upstream optical PSD when not enabled (WNE-PSD)
In the upstream direction, the ONU transmitter ideally launches no power into the fibre in all bursts
which are not assigned to that ONU. However, an optical power level less than or equal to the
upstream WNE-PSD is allowed during bursts which are not assigned to that ONU. During the
transmitter enable transient time immediately preceding the assigned burst, which may be used for
laser pre-bias, and during the transmitter disable transient time immediately following the assigned
28 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

burst, the maximum launch power level allowed is the zero level corresponding to the minimum ER
and the maximum channel launch power specified in Tables 11-6 and 11-7.
The specification of the maximum transmitter enable and transmitter disable transient times is
provided in Tables 11-6 and 11-7.
The relationship between ONU power levels and burst times is shown in Figure 11-2.
Figure 11-2 – Relationship between ONU power levels and burst times
11.1.5.3 Mask of transmitter eye diagram
This clause specifies the pulse shape characteristics for the OLT and ONU transmitters. For the
purpose of assessing the transmit signal, it is important to consider not only the eye opening, but
also the overshoot and undershoot limitations.
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 29

11.1.5.3.1 OLT transmitter
The parameters specifying the mask of the eye diagram (see Figure 11-3) for the OLT transmitter
are shown in Table 11-8. The test set-up for the measurement of the mask of the eye diagram is
shown in Figure 11-4.
Figure 11-3 – Mask of the eye diagram for OLT transmitter
Table 11-8 – Mask of the eye diagram for OLT transmitter – numeric values
2.48832 Gbit/s 9.95328 Gbit/s
x3-x2 (Note 1) 0.2 0.2
y1, y3, y4 0.25 0.25
y2 0.75 0.75
NOTE 1 – x2 and x3 of the rectangular eye mask need not be equidistant with respect to the vertical axes at
0 unit interval (UI) and 1 UI.
NOTE 2 – The values are taken from [ITU-T G.959.1], clause 7.2.2.14.
Figure 11-4 – Test set-up for measuring the mask of the eye diagram for OLT transmitter
11.1.5.3.2 ONU transmitter
11.1.5.3.2.1 ONU transmitter eye diagram
The parameters specifying the mask of the eye diagram (see Figure 11-5) for the ONU transmitter
are shown in Table 11-9. The test se-up for the measurement of the mask of the eye diagram is
shown in Figure 11-6.
The mask of the eye diagram for the upstream direction burst mode signal is applied from the first
bit of the preamble to the last bit of the burst signal, inclusive.
30 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Figure 11-5 – Mask of the eye diagram for ONU transmitter
Table 11-9 – Mask of the eye diagram for ONU transmitter – numeric values
2.48832 Gbit/s 9.95328 Gbit/s
x3-x2 (Note 1) 0.2 0.2
y1, y3, y4 0.25 0.25
y2 0.75 0.75
NOTE 1 – x2 and x3 of the rectangular eye mask need not be equidistant with respect to the vertical axes
at 0 UI and 1 UI.
NOTE 2 – The values are taken from [ITU-T G.957], clause 6.2.5.
Figure 11-6 – Test set-up for measuring the mask of the eye diagram for ONU transmitter
11.1.5.4 Jitter performance
This clause describes jitter requirements for optical interfaces of TWDM PON.
11.1.5.4.1 Jitter transfer
The jitter transfer specification applies only to the ONU.
The jitter transfer function is defined as:
 jitter on upstream signal UI down stream bit rate 
jitter transfer  20 log 10  
 jitter on downstream signal UI upstream bit rate 
The jitter transfer function of an ONU shall be under the curve given in Figure 11-7, when input
sinusoidal jitter up to the mask level in Figure 11-8 is applied, with the parameters specified in this
figure for each line rate.
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 31

Upstream line
L (kHz) C (kHz) H (kHz) P (dB)
rate (Gbit/s)
2.48832 20 2000 20 000 0.1
9.95328 10 1000 80 000 0.1
NOTE – These values are taken from [ITU-T G.783].
Figure 11-7 – Jitter transfer for ONU
Downstream line rate (Gbit/s) A3(UI) A4(UI) f2 (kHz) f3 (kHz)

2.48832 1.5 0.15 100 1000
9.95328 1.5 0.15 400 4000
NOTE – These values are taken from [ITU-T G.783].
Figure 11-8 – High-band portion of sinusoidal jitter mask for jitter transfer
32 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Line rate (Gbit/s) ft (kHz) f0 (kHz) A1 (UIp-p) A2 (UIp-p)
2.48832 1000 100 0.075 0.75
9.95328 4000 400 0.075 0.75
NOTE – These values are scaled to 9.95328 Gbit/s from the values in [ITU-T G.984.2].
Figure 11-9 – Jitter tolerance mask

11.1.5.4.2 Jitter tolerance
Jitter tolerance is defined as the peak-to-peak amplitude of sinusoidal jitter applied on the input
TWDM PON signal that causes a 1-dB optical power penalty at the optical receiver. Note that it is a
stress test to ensure that no additional penalty is incurred under operating conditions.
The ONU must tolerate, as a minimum, the input jitter applied according to the mask in
Figure 11-9, with the parameters specified in that figure for the downstream line rate. The OLT
must tolerate, as a minimum, the input jitter applied according to the mask in Figure 11-9, with the
parameters specified in that figure for the upstream line rate. The jitter tolerance specification for
the OLT is informative as it can only be measured in a setting that permits continuous operation of
the upstream.
11.1.5.4.3 Jitter generation
An ONU must not generate a peak-to-peak jitter amplitude more than shown in Table 11-10 with no
jitter applied to the downstream input and with a measurement bandwidth as specified in Table
11-10. An OLT must not generate a peak-to-peak jitter amplitude more than shown in Table 11-10
with no jitter applied to its timing reference input and with a measurement band as specified in
Table 11-10.
Table 11-10 – Jitter generation requirements for TWDM PON

Measurement band
(–3 dB frequencies) Peak-peak amplitude
Line rate (Gbit/s) (Note 1) (UI)
high-pass low-pass (MHz) (Note 2)
(kHz) –60 dB/dec
5 20 0.30
2.48832
1000 20 0.10
20 80 0.30
9.95328
4000 80 0.10
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 33

Measurement band
Line rate (Gbit/s) (Note 1) (UI)
(kHz) –60 dB/dec
NOTE 1 – The high-pass and low-pass measurement filter transfer functions are defined in clause 5 of
[ITU-T G.825].
NOTE 2 – The measurement time and pass/fail criteria are defined in clause 5 of [ITU-T G.825].
NOTE 3 – This table comes from [ITU-T G.783].
11.2 Upstream physical layer overhead

Table 11-11 shows the length of the physical layer overhead bits for the upstream line rate specified
in this Recommendation.
Table 11-11 – TWDM PON upstream physical layer overhead

Upstream line rate Overhead bits
2.48832 Gbit/s 512
9.95328 Gbit/s 2048
Moreover, Appendix III provides information on the physical processes that have to be performed
during the physical layer overhead time (Tplo) and some guidelines optimum use of Tplo.
34 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Annex A
Tunable PtP WDM PON PMD layer requirements

(This annex forms an integral part of this Recommendation.)
This annex describes a PtP WDM PON system with wavelength tunability.
The characteristic of a PtP WDM PON is that each ONU is served by one pair of upstream and
downstream wavelengths dedicated to this ONU. On the OLT side, downstream wavelengths are
multiplexed onto a shared, bidirectional fibre connecting the wavelength multiplexer (WM) to a
branching node (BN). Figure A.1 shows a logical view of a PtP WDM PON.
Figure A.1 – Logical architecture of a generic PtP WDM PON
Examples of PtP WDM PON clients include GbE, 10GbE and common public radio interface
(CPRI) [b-CPRI]. The OLT channel pair may also exist in multiple instances, particularly to support
different client types.
At a BN, the ODN branches out to drop fibres, one for each ONU. The feeder and BN may be
further divided into sub-trees, and part or all of the feeder-BN tree, and even the drop fibres, may be
duplicated for redundancy. The BN may include any combination of power splitters, bandpass or
bandstop filters, or wavelength filters (e.g., arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs)). Logically, a
wavelength selection function is required between each port of the BN and the corresponding
colourless ONU transceiver.
This wavelength selector can be located physically either within the ONU (wavelength selected
case) or at a BN (wavelength routed case), giving rise to two classes of PtP WDM PON
architecture:
Wavelength-selected: The λ selection function is built into the ONU. Part or all of the spectrum is
available to the ONU (power split with or without bandpass filter) such that it is possible for the
ONU and OLT to communicate on part or all of the spectrum. The ONU determines its wavelength
in an activation process that involves the OLT. The upstream wavelength is typically established as
a fixed function of the assigned downstream wavelength. This class of PtP WDM PON supports
power splitter ODN.
This annex focuses on the wavelength-selected class of PtP WDM PON as an overlay to TWDM
PON.
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 35

Wavelength-routed: The λ selection function is part of the BN. The ONU's wavelength is
determined by its physical connectivity to the ODN, for example by a port on an AWG. Upstream
and downstream wavelengths may be the same, or may differ by a multiple of the free spectral
range (FSR) of the AWG. This class of PtP WDM PON supports filtered ODN.
ONUs that have no wavelength selective capability, i.e., that can only support a fully wavelength
routed architecture, are out of scope of this annex.
A.1 PMD layer requirements

The PtP WDM PON system must support minimum four PtP WDM channels.
All parameters are specified as follows, and are in accordance with Table A.2 to Table A.7.
All parameter values specified are worst-case values, to be met over the range of operating
conditions such as temperature and humidity, and include ageing effects, as specified in
[ITU-T G.989.1]. The parameters are specified relative to a BER not worse than the values
specified in Table A.2 to Table A.7, for the worst-case optical path loss (see Table 6-1) and fibre
chromatic dispersion.
A.1.1 Line rate
This clause specifies the line rates required to support various PtP WDM PON clients.
Parameters to be specified are categorized by downstream and upstream, and the nominal line rates
as shown in Table A.1.
The PtP WDM PON supports three classes of line rates. Each line rate applies for a symmetric
service protocol, i.e., the downstream and the upstream line rates are identical for the respective
service protocol. The downstream and upstream PMD parameters are specified in Table A.2 to
Table A.7.
Table A.1 – Relation between PtP WDM PON line rate classes
Line rate Nominal line rate (Gbit/s) – Supported UNI Reference table
class Symmetric DS and US downstream/upstream
1 1.24416, STM-8 Table A.2/Table A.3
1.25, 1G Ethernet
1.2288 CPRI option 2
2 2.48832, OC-48, STM-16 Table A.4/Table A.5
2.4576, CPRI option 3
2.666 OTU1
3 6.144 CPRI option 6, OBSAI Table A.6/Table A.7
9.95328, OC-192, STM-64
10.709, 11.09 OTU2, OTU2e
10.3125 10G Ethernet
A.1.2 FEC code selection

The choice of FEC depends on the service protocol.
For CPRI, no FEC is used.
For 1 Gbit/s Ethernet services with 8b/10b coding, no FEC is used.
For 10GBASE-ER Ethernet with 64b/66b coding, no FEC is used.
36 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

For OC-48, OC-192, STM-8, STM-16 and STM-64, the inbuilt FEC according to [ITU-T G.707]
and [ITU-T G.709] may be used. No extra FEC overhead is applied.
For OTU1, OTU2, and OTU2e the inbuilt FEC as of [ITU-T G.709] may be applied. No extra FEC
overhead is applied.
A.1.3 Line code
Line coding for PtP WDM PON is determined by the specific application.
A.1.4 Operating wavelength
The PtP WDM PON spectrum is specified according to Table 9-1, subject to spectrum otherwise
assigned or in use.
Two wavelength bands for PtP WDM PON are specified:
1) Shared spectrum band: 1603-1625 nm
Details of the sharing between TWDM PON and PtP WDM PON bands are specified in
clause 9.2.
2) Expanded spectrum band: 1524-1625 nm
Spectral flexibility is required to allow reuse of unoccupied bands in other coexistence scenarios
where legacy bands and TWDM PON bands are available.
For the purpose of coexistence with G-PON, XG-PON1, RF video and four TWDM channels, a
minimum of four PtP WDM channels is supported.
Upstream and downstream can be in separate spectral regions or share the same spectral band.
A.1.5 PMD parameters
A.1.5.1 Compatible ODN
PtP WDM PON operates over the same ODN as TWDM PON, see clause 11.1.4.1.
A.1.5.2 Optical interface parameters for line rate class 1
The following optical interface parameter tables are applicable for up to 40 km fibre length and a
minimum of 4 PtP WDM channels.
Table A.2 – Optical interface parameters for line rate class 1

(from 1.2288 Gbit/s to 1.25 Gbit/s) downstream direction
Item Unit Value
Nominal line rate Gbit/s 1.2288 to 1.25
Operating wavelength band nm 1603-1625 (shared spectrum)
1524-1625 (expanded spectrum)
Maximum spectral excursion GHz +/–12.5 for 50GHz CS
+/–20 for 100GHz CS
+/–25 for 200GHz CS
Line code – Determined by application
(scrambled NRZ assumed
for parameter values)
Mask of the transmitter eye diagram – See clause A.1.6.2
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 37

Item Unit Value
Maximum reflectance of equipment at S/R- dB NA
CG, measured at transmitter wavelength
Mean channel launch power minimum –1 +1 +3 +5
dBm
(at S/R-CG) without FEC
Mean channel launch power minimum 0 +2 +4 +6
dBm
(at S/R-CG) with FEC
dBm +3 +5 +7 +9
dBm +4 +6 +8 +10
(15 GHz)
Dispersion range (Note 2) ps/nm 0.092×λ 1300 2
0 to 4
[1 − ( λ
) ]× 20 (DD20),
0.092×λ 1300 2
0 to 4
[1 − ( λ
) ] × 40 (DD40)

(at S/R-CP)
Maximum downstream per channel out-of- dBm –46.5
band optical PSD (Assuming eight Ch PtP (15 GHz)
WDM PON) (Note 3)
channel optical PSD (Assuming eight Ch PtP (15 GHz)
WDM PON) (Note 4)
Jitter generation – See clause A.1.6.3
Maximum OPP (Note 5) dB 1.5 (without FEC)
– with Raman effects 1.0 (with FEC ON)
measured at receiver wavelength
–12
Sensitivity (at R/S) @ BER=10 dBm –31.5 –31.5 –31.5 –31.5
–4
Sensitivity (at R/S) @ BER=10 (Note 6) dBm –30 –30 –30 –30
Overload (at R/S) @ BER=10–12 dBm –11 –11 –11 –11
Overload (at R/S) @ BER=10–4 (Note 6) dBm –10 –10 –10 –10
38 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Item Unit Value
(15 GHz)
Jitter tolerance – See clause A.1.6.3
NOTE 1 – A lower extinction ratio must be compensated by a larger transmitter launch power within the
limits of the mean launch power maximum value.
NOTE 2 – This formula (see clause 6.10 of [ITU-T G.652]) is used instead of the worst case value due to
the large variation of dispersion within the PtP WDM PON wavelength band. This allows implementers to
build devices only to the desired dispersion specification. λ is the longest possible wavelength in each
channel, in nanometre units, considering the spectral excursion.
NOTE 3 – This value is based the following assumptions: OOB impact from PtP WDM PON on TWDM
PON can be controlled through appropriate filtering, 0.1 dB penalty, TWDM PON operates with FEC, and
eight PtP WDM channels (seven interferers).
NOTE 4 – This value is based the following assumptions: OOC in downstream can be controlled through
filtering from WM, 0.1 dB penalty, PtP WDM PON operates without FEC, 8 PtP WDM channels
(seven interferers).
NOTE 5 – The specified penalty is valid up to a 40 km optical link distance. If the actual OPP is worse
than the specified value, it must be compensated by the transmitter launch power increase up to the limits
of the mean launch power maximum. Maximum OPP value assumes the use of the shared spectrum band,
OPP related to Raman impacts for the expanded spectrum are determined by application.
NOTE 6 – See clause 9.4.1of [b-ITU-T G.Sup39] for additional details.
Table A.3 – Optical interface parameters of line rate class 1

(from 1.2288 Gbit/s to 1.25 Gbit/s) upstream direction
Item Unit Value
Minimum tuning window nm Based on operating wavelength band
Maximum spectral excursion GHz +/–12.5 for 50 GHz CS
+/–20 for 100 GHz CS
Tx wavelength channel tuning time ms See Table 9-2
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 39

Item Unit Value
Mean channel launch power minimum dBm +3 +3 +3 +3
(at R/S) without FEC
Mean channel launch power minimum dBm 0 0 0 0
(at R/S) with FEC
Mean channel launch power maximum dBm +8 +8 +8 +8
(at R/S) with FEC
0 to 4
[1 − ( λ
) ]× 20 (DD20),
0.092×λ 1300 2
0 to 4
[1 − ( λ
) ] × 40 (DD40)

(Note 3)
Maximum upstream out-of-band optical PSD dBm –58.6
(Note 4) (15 GHz)
Maximum upstream out-of-channel optical dBm –33.7 for 50 GHz CS

Maximum upstream out-of-channel optical dBm –54.5
PSD – OOC2 (Note 5) (15 GHz)
Jitter transfer – See clause A.1.6.3
– with Raman effects 1.0 (with FEC on)
S/R-CG, measured at receiver wavelength
–12
Sensitivity (at S/R-CG) @ BER=10 dBm –27.5 –29.5 –31.5 –33.5
–4
Sensitivity (at S/R-CG) @ BER=10 dBm –30.0 –32.0 –34.0 –36.0
(Note 7)
Overload (at S/R-CG) @ BER=10–12 dBm –6 –8 –10 –12
–4
Overload (at S/R-CG) @ BER=10 (Note 7) dBm –9 –11 –13 –15
40 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Item Unit Value
(15GHz)
limits of the "Mean launch power maximum" value.
NOTE 3 – For upstream, SMSR is measured on the laser output, before any filtering. This prevents a
significant mode partition noise penalty. Other limitations on OOB and OOC PSD still apply to the R/S
reference point.
PON can be controlled through appropriate filtering, 0.1 dB penalty, TWDM PON operates with FEC, and
8 PtP WDM channels (seven interferers).
NOTE 5 – This value is based the following assumptions: 1.0 dB penalty, PtP WDM PON operates
without FEC, and eight PtP WDM channels (seven interferers). In some implementations, this requirement
may be achieved by more tightly regulating the Tx output power (lowering the maximum level while
maintaining the minimum level).

Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 41

Item Unit Value
Maximum reflectance of equipment dB NA
at S/R-CG, measured at transmitter
wavelength
Mean channel launch power minimum dBm +3 +5 FFS FFS
Mean channel launch power minimum 0 +2 +4 +6
Mean channel launch power maximum dBm +7 +9 FFS FFS
Mean channel launch power maximum +4 +6 +8 +10
Maximum downstream WNE-PSD dBm FFS
(15 GHz)
Dispersion Range (Note 2) ps/nm 0.092×λ 1300 2
0 to 4
[1 − ( λ
) ]× 20 (DD20),
0.092×λ 1300 2
0 to [1 − ( ) ] × 40 (DD40)
4 λ

(at S/R-CP)
band optical PSD (Note 3) (15 GHz)
channel optical PSD (Note 4) (15 GHz)
42 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Item Unit Value
– with Raman effects 1.0 (with FEC)
–12
Sensitivity (at R/S) @ BER=10 dBm –28 –28 FFS FFS
–4
Sensitivity (at R/S) @ BER=10 dBm –30 –30 –30 –30
(Note 6)
Overload (at R/S) @ BER=10–12 dBm –7 –7 FFS FFS
–4
Overload (at R/S) @ BER=10 (Note 6) dBm –10 –10 –10 –10
(15 GHz)
PON can be controlled through appropriate filtering, 0.1 dB penalty, TWDM PON operates with FEC and
8 PtP WDM channels (seven interferers).
filtering from WM, 0.1 dB penalty, PtP WDM PON operates without FEC, eight PtP WDM channels
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 43

Item Unit Value
(at R/S) with FEC
(at R/S) with FEC
0 to 4
[1 − ( λ ) ] × 20 (DD20),
0.092×λ 1300 2
0 to 4
[1 − ( λ
) ] × 40 (DD40)

(Note 3)
Maximum upstream out-of-band optical dBm –58.6
PSD (Assuming eight Ch PtP WDM PON) (15 GHz)
(Note 4)
44 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Item Unit Value
Jitter transfer See clause A.1.6.3
Maximum OPP – without FEC dB 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
Maximum OPP – with FEC ON (Note 6)
1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5
S/R-CG, measured at receiver wavelength
–12
Sensitivity (at S/R-CG) @ BER=10 dBm –28 –30 –32 –34
Sensitivity (at S/R-CG) @ BER=10–4 dBm –30 –32 –34.5 –36.5
(Note 7)
(Note 7)
(15 GHz)
NOTE 3 – For upstream, SMSR is measured on the laser output, before any filtering. This prevents a
significant mode partition noise penalty. Other limitations on OOB and OOC PSD still apply to the R/S
reference point.
without FEC, and eight PtP WDM channels (7 interferers). In some implementations, this requirement
of the Mean launch power maximum. Maximum OPP value assumes the use of the shared spectrum band,
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 45


Item Unit Value
wavelength
Mean channel launch power minimum dBm +8 FFS FFS FFS
Mean channel launch power maximum dBm +11 FFS FFS FFS
(15 GHz)
0 to [1 − ( λ ) ] × 20 (DD20),
4
0.092×λ 1300 2
0 to 4
[1 − ( λ
) ] × 40 (DD40)

(at S/R-CP)
band optical PSD (Assuming eight Ch PtP (15 GHz)
WDM PON) (Note 3)
46 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Item Unit Value
channel optical PSD (Assuming eight Ch (15 GHz)
PtP WDM PON) (Note 4)
– with Raman effects
2.0 (with FEC)
–12
Sensitivity (at R/S) @ BER=10 dBm –23.5 FFS FFS FFS
–3
Sensitivity (at R/S) @ BER=10 (Note
dBm –28 –28 –28 –28
6)
Overload (at R/S) @ BER=10–12 dBm –2 FFS FFS FFS
–3
Overload (at R/S) @ BER=10 (Note 6) dBm –7.0 –7.0 –7.0 –9.0
(15 GHz)
filtering from WM, 0.1 dB penalty, PtP WDM PON operates without FEC, eight PtP WDM channels
NOTE 5 – The specified penalty is valid up to a 40km optical link distance. If the actual OPP is worse
of the Mean launch power maximum. Maximum OPP value assumes the use of the shared spectrum band,
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 47

Item Unit Value
Mean channel launch power minimum dBm +3 +3 +3 FFS
(at R/S) with FEC
Mean channel launch power maximum dBm +8 +8 +8 FFS
(at R/S) with FEC
0 to 4
[1 − ( λ ) ] × 20 (DD20),
0.092×λ 1300 2
0 to 4
[1 − ( λ
) ] × 40 (DD40)

(Note 3)
Maximum upstream out-of-band optical dBm –58.6
PSD (Note 4) (15 GHz)
48 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Item Unit Value
Jitter transfer See clause A.1.6.3
Maximum OPP – without FEC dB 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
Maximum OPP – with FEC ON (Note 6) 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0
Maximum reflectance of equipment dB –20
at S/R-CG, measured at receiver
wavelength
–12
Sensitivity (at S/R-CG) @ BER=10 dBm –28.5 –30.5 –32.5 FFS
–3
Sensitivity (at S/R-CG) @ BER=10 –26.5 –28.5 –31.0 NA
dBm
(Note 7)
Overload (at S/R-CG) @ BER=10–12 dBm –6 –8 –10 FFS
–3
Overload (at S/R-CG) @ BER=10 –5.0 –7.0 –9.0 NA
dBm
(Note 7)
(15 GHz)
NOTE 3 – For upstream at the ONU, SMSR is measured on the laser output, before any filtering. This
prevents a significant mode partition noise penalty. Other limitations on OOB and OOC power still apply
to the R/S reference point.
without FEC, and eight PtP WDM channels (seven interferers). In some implementations, this requirement
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 49

Item Unit Value
A.1.6 Transmitter at reference point S

This clause follows clause 11.1.5 unless otherwise specified below.
A.1.6.1 Nominal central frequency
The nominal single channel frequencies on which the digital coded information of the particular
optical wavelength channels are modulated.
The central frequencies depend on the specific WM used.
A.1.6.2 Mask of transmitter eye diagram
The parameters specifying the mask of the eye diagram, illustrated in Figure A.2, for both the OLT
and ONU transmitters are shown in Table A.8.
Figure A.2 – Mask of the eye diagram for OLT and ONU transmitter
Table A.8 – Mask of the eye diagram for OLT and ONU transmitters – numeric values
Line rate class 1.25 Gbit/s 2.5 Gbit/s 10 Gbit/s
x3-x2 (Note 1) 0.2 0.2 0.2
y1, y3, y4 0.25 0.25 0.25
y2 0.75 0.75 0.75
NOTE 1 – x2 and x3 of the rectangular eye mask need not be equidistant with respect to the vertical axes at
0 UI and 1 UI.
NOTE 2 – The values for the 2.5 Gbit/s and the 10 Gbit/s class are taken from [ITU-T G.959.1],
clause 7.2.2.14.
NOTE 3 – The values for the 1.25 Gbit/s are derived from [ITU-T G.959.1], clause 7.2.2.14.
50 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

A.1.6.3 Jitter performance
Jitter performance of PtP WDM PON follows the definitions in clause 11.1.5.4 with the following
modifications. Descriptions in clause 11.1.5.4 are repeated for completeness.
Jitter transfer for ONU is shown in Figure A.3.
Line rate class L (kHz) C (kHz) H (kHz) P (dB)

1 20 2000 20 000 0.1
2 20 2000 20 000 0.1
3 10 1000 80 000 0.1
NOTE – These values are taken or derived from [ITU-T G.783].
Figure A.3 – Jitter transfer for ONU
High-band portion of sinusoidal jitter mask for jitter transfer is shown in Figure A.4.
Line rate class A3 (UI) A4 (UI) f2 (kHz) f3 (kHz)

1 1.5 0.15 50 500
2 1.5 0.15 100 1000
3 1.5 0.15 400 4000
NOTE – These values are taken from [ITU-T G.783].
Figure A.4 – High-band portion of sinusoidal jitter mask for jitter transfer
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 51

The Jitter tolerance mask is shown in Figure A.5.
Line rate class ft (kHz) f0 (kHz) A1 (UIp-p) A2 (UIp-p)

1 500 50 0.075 0.75
2 1000 100 0.075 0.75
3 4000 400 0.075 0.75
NOTE – These values are scaled to 9.95328 Gbit/s from the values in [ITU-T G.984.2].
Figure A.5 – Jitter tolerance mask
Jitter generation requirements are shown in Table A.9.
Table A.9 – Jitter generation requirements

Measurement band
Line rate class (Note 1) (UI)
(kHz) –60 dB/dec
1 2.5 10 0.30
500 10 0.10
2 5 20 0.30
1000 20 0.10
3 20 80 0.30
4000 80 0.10
NOTE 1 – The high-pass and low-pass measurement filter transfer functions are defined in clause 5 of
[ITU-T G.825].
NOTE 2 – The measurement time and pass/fail criteria are defined in clause 5 of [ITU-T G.825].
NOTE 3 – This table comes from [ITU-T G.783]
52 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Annex B
Auxiliary management and control channel

This annex describes the physical layer of the auxiliary management and control channel (AMCC)
function for NG-PON2, which is mandatory to be implemented in the PtP WDM PON overlay
channels. The AMCC must be compatible with the TWDM PON and PtP WDM PON specifications
in this Recommendation's main body and Annex A.
B.1 Introduction
In the PtP WDM PON part of NG-PON2, a so-called auxiliary management and control channel is
needed in order to convey wavelength assignment and allocation information and OAM data. The
AMCC is added to each individual wavelength in both, downstream and upstream direction. Two
different physical-layer implementations of the AMCC exist. These determine the way the AMCC
content is transported over the physical channel. The content of the AMCC is independent of the
way it is transmitted and is described in clause 6 and Annex G of [ITU-T G.989.3].
For the case that the PtP WDM PON system has to transparently transport a payload bitstream,
without terminating any part of its frame structure, the AMCC has to be added to the payload at the
same wavelength with only minor interference of the AMCC and the payload data. This case is
called transparent AMCC. The framed AMCC data is added to the payload with low-modulation-
index baseband over-modulation (i.e., a low-frequency amplitude modulation which is
superimposed to the (amplitude) modulation of the payload bitstream). Alternatively, electrical-
addition of amplitude-modulated signal with low-frequency carrier to the payload, called RF-pilot-
tone-style, can be employed for accommodating the framed AMCC data. The detection of the
baseband-overmodulation-based AMCC can (for example) be done by low-pass filtering of the
detected payload signal and passing the amplified resulting signal into a simple threshold detector.
The RF-pilot-tone-style AMCC can (for example) be detected by simple digital signal processing
offering the functions of band-pass filtering, down-conversion and symbol decision.
In the case that the PtP WDN PON system converts the payload data encoding from one to another,
the AMCC data can be transmitted by means of code transformation. This case is called transcoding
AMCC and is described in Annex G of [ITU-T G.989.3].
B.2 Transparent AMCC

B.2.1 Baseband overmodulation
The physical transport layer for the overmodulation-based AMCC is realized as a low-bitrate, low-
modulation-index baseband amplitude over-modulation over the optical PtP payload signal. The
P  Pmin
modulation index M is calculated (in percent) as M  100* max with Pmax , Pmin and Paverage
Paverage
referring to the maximum, minimum and average power values of the envelope of the over-
modulated PtP signal. The optical interface parameters for the AMCC are given in Table B.1.
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 53

Table B.1 – Optical interface parameters of transparent AMCC
Item Unit Value
Nominal line rate kb/s 115
Modulation index % 10
Pulse shape – Rectangular
B.2.2 RF-pilot-tone
The physical transport layer for the RF-pilot-tone-based AMCC is realized as a low-bitrate,
low-carrier-frequency, low-modulation-index amplitude modulation signal which is added to the
PtP payload signal in the electrical domain. The modulation index M is defined (in percent) as
V
M  100 * pp , AMCC , with V pp , AMCC and V pp , payload referring to the peak to peak voltage values of the
V pp , payload
AMCC and the PtP signal in the electrical domain. The interface parameters for the RF-pilot-tone-
style AMCC are given in Table B.2.
Table B.2 – Electrical interface parameters of transparent AMCC

Item Unit Value
Nominal line rate kb/s 128
Modulation index % 10
carrier-frequency kHz 500
54 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Annex C
Low loss (LL) PtP WDM PON PMD layer requirements

This annex describes a low loss PtP WDM PON system that caters to the wavelength routed (WR)
use cases within NG-PON2.
The characteristic of a PtP WDM PON is that each ONU is served by one pair of upstream and
downstream wavelengths dedicated to this ONU. On the OLT side, downstream wavelengths are
multiplexed onto a shared, bidirectional fibre connecting the wavelength multiplexer (WM) to a
branching node. Figure C.1 shows a logical view of a PtP WDM PON based on wavelength routed
ODN, which is one of the optional use cases of NG-PON2. The wavelength-routed PtP WDM PON
(WR PtP WDM PON) has the λ selection function as part of the branching node. The ONU's
wavelength is determined by its physical connectivity to the ODN, for example by a port on an
AWG.
Examples of PtP WDM PON clients include GbE, 10GbE and CPRI. The OLT channel pair may
also exist in multiple instances, particularly to support different client types.
At a branching node (BN), the ODN branches out to drop fibres, one for each ONU. The BN may
include any combination of power splitters, bandpass or bandstop filters, or wavelength filters
(e.g., AWGs). In the specific case of wavelength-routed PtP WDM PON, a wavelength selection
function is required in the branching node, one wavelength per direction for each drop fibre.
Figure C.1 – Logical architecture of wavelength routed PtP WDM PON

(one use case in the NG-PON2 system)
C.1 PMD layer requirements

All parameters are specified as follows, and are in accordance with Table C.3 to Table C.8.
All parameter values specified are worst-case values, to be met over the range of operating
conditions such as temperature and humidity, and include ageing effects, as specified in clause 9.9
of [ITU-T G.989.1]. The parameters are specified relative to a bit error ratio (BER) not worse than
the values specified in Table C.3 to Table C.8.
C.1.1 ODN optical path loss classes
ODN optical path loss classes (ODN classes) are specified in Table C.1.
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 55

The optical path loss for each class is specified between S/R-CG at the OLT and R/S at the ONU
side in each direction. OLT side WM is not included in ODN, but it will impact OLT launch power
and sensitivity.
Table C.1 – ODN optical path loss classes (ODN classes)

Class L1 Class L2
Minimum optical path loss 8 dB 16 dB
Maximum optical path loss 17 dB 25 dB
Maximum differential optical path loss 9 dB
C.1.2 Fibre distance classes

Fibre distance classes are specified in Table 6-2.
C.1.3 Line rate
This clause specifies the line rates required to support various LL PtP WDM PON clients.
Parameters to be defined are categorized by downstream and upstream, and the nominal line rates as
shown in Line rate class.
The LL PtP WDM PON supports three classes of line rates. Each line rate applies for a symmetric
service protocol, i.e., the downstream and the upstream line rates are identical for the respective
service protocol. The downstream and upstream PMD parameters are specified in Table C.3 to
Table C.8.
Table C.2 – Relation between LL PtP WDM PON line rate classes
Line rate Nominal line rate [Gbit/s] – Supported UNI Reference table
class Symmetric DS and US downstream/upstream
1 1.24416, STM-8 Table C.3/Table C.4
1.25, 1G Ethernet
2 2.48832, OC-48, STM-16 Table C.5/Table C.6
2.666 OTU1
3 6.144 CPRI option 6, OBSAI Table C.7/Table C.8
9.95328, OC-192, STM-64
10.709, 11.09 OTU2, OTU2e
10.3125 10G Ethernet
C.1.4 FEC code selection

The choice of FEC depends on the service protocol.
Both FEC ON and FEC OFF (or no FEC) can be supported.
C.1.5 Line code
Line coding for PtP WDM PON is determined by the specific application.
56 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

C.1.6 Operating wavelength
LL PtP WDM PON spectrum is specified according to Table 9-1, subject to spectrum otherwise
assigned or in use.
Two wavelength bands for LL PtP WDM PON are specified:
1) Shared spectrum band: 1603-1625 nm;
2) Expanded spectrum band: 1524-1625 nm.
Spectral flexibility is required to allow re-use of unoccupied bands in other coexistence scenarios
where legacy bands and TWDM PON bands are available.
Upstream and downstream can be in separate spectral regions or share the same spectral band.
C.1.7 PMD parameters
The assumptions for the physical media dependent (PMD) parameters for the low loss PtP WDM
PON in the following tables are different than those used for Annex A. This is due to the fact that
one aspect of the low loss approach is to allow wavelength routed ODNs which facilitate a larger
number of PtP channels. This affects the calculations of OOB, OOC and inter-channel cross talk, as
is noted in the particular tables.
C.1.7.1 Optical interface parameters for line rate class 1
The following optical interface parameter tables are applicable for up to 40 km fibre length.
Table C.3 – Optical interface parameters for line rate class 1

Item Unit Value
Mask of the transmitter eye diagram – See clause C.1.8.2
wavelength
ODN Class L1 L2
Mean channel launch power minimum dBm –5 +3
Mean channel launch power minimum dBm –8 0
Mean channel launch power maximum dBm –1 +7
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 57

Item Unit Value
(15 GHz)
Minimum extinction ratio (at S/R-CG) dB 8.2
(Note 1)
0 to [1 − ( λ ) ] × 20 (DD20),
4
0.092×λ 1300 2
0 to [1 − ( ) ] × 40 (DD40)
4 λ

(Note 3)
Jitter generation – See clause C.1.8.3
ODN Class L1 L2
Sensitivity (at R/S) @ BER=10 –12
dBm –24 –24
Sensitivity (at R/S) @ BER=10–4 (Note 5) dBm –26 –26

Overload (at R/S) @ BER=10–12 dBm –2 –2
–4
Overload (at R/S) @ BER=10 (Note 5) dBm –5 –5
(15 GHz)
Jitter tolerance – See clause C.1.8.3
58 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Item Unit Value
limits of the mean launch power MAX value.
the large variation of dispersion within the LL PtP WDM PON wavelength band. This allows
implementers to build devices only to the desired dispersion specification. λ is the longest possible
wavelength in each channel, in nanometre units, considering the spectral excursion.
NOTE 3 – For downstream, SMSR is measured on the laser output, before any filtering. This prevents a
significant mode partition noise penalty.
16 PtP WDM channels (15 interferers).
(15 interferers).
Table C.4 – Optical interface parameters of line rate class 1

Item Unit Value
Mask of the transmitter eye diagram – See clause C.1.823
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 59

Item Unit Value
ODN Class L1 L2
Mean channel launch power minimum dBm –1 –1
(at R/S) with FEC
Mean channel launch power maximum dBm 4 4
Mean channel launch power minimum dBm 1 1
(at R/S) with FEC
0 to [1 −( ) ]× 20 (DD20),
4 λ
0.092×λ 1300 2
0 to [1 − ( ) ] × 40 (DD40)
4 λ
Minimum side mode suppression ratio (Note dB 30

3)
(Note 6) (15 GHz)

Jitter transfer – See clause C.1.8.3
Maximum reflectance of equipment at S/R- dB –20
CG, measured at receiver wavelength
ODN Class L1 L2
–12
Sensitivity (at S/R-CG) @ BER=10 dBm –20 –28
Sensitivity (at S/R-CG) @ BER=10–4 (Note
dBm –22 –30
5)
Overload (at S/R-CG) @ BER=10–12 dBm 3 –5
–4
Overload (at S/R-CG) @ BER=10 (Note 5) dBm 1 –7
60 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Item Unit Value
In-band crosstalk tolerance dB –37.4
(15 GHz)
prevents a significant mode partition noise penalty.
OPP related to Raman impacts for the Expanded Spectrum are determined by application.
NOTE 6 – This value is based the following assumptions: remote node is 1:16 splitter limited by the 9 dB
differential loss, OOB impact from PtP WDM PON on TWDM PON can be controlled through
filtering from WM, 0.1 dB penalty, TWDM PON operates with FEC and 16 PtP WDM channels
(15 interferers).
differential loss, OOC in upstream can be controlled through filtering from WM, 0.1 dB penalty, PtP
WDM PON operates without FEC, 16 PtP WDM channels (15 interferers).

Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 61

Item Unit Value
S/R-CG, measured at transmitter wavelength
ODN Class L1 L2
Mean channel launch power minimum dBm –5 +3
Mean channel launch power minimum dBm –8 -0
(15 GHz)
Minimum extinction ratio (at S/R-CG) dB 8.2
(Note 1)
0 to 4
[1 − ( λ
) ]× 20 (DD20),
0.092×λ 1300 2
0 to [1 − ( ) ] × 40 (DD40)
4 λ

(Note 3)
62 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Item Unit Value
ODN Class L1 L2
Sensitivity (at R/S) @ BER=10 –12
dBm –24 –24
Sensitivity (at R/S) @ BER=10–4 (Note 5) dBm –26 –26

Overload (at R/S) @ BER=10–4 (Note 5) dBm –5 –5
(15 GHz)
(15 interferers).
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 63

Item Unit Value
ODN Class L1 L2
Mean channel launch power minimum (at R/S) dBm –1 –1
without FEC
Mean channel launch power minimum (at R/S) dBm –4 –4
with FEC
Mean channel launch power maximum (at dBm 4 4
R/S) without FEC
Mean channel launch power minimum (at R/S) dBm 1 1
with FEC
0 to [1 −( ) ]× 20 (DD20),
4 λ
0.092×λ 1300 2
0 to 4
[1 − ( λ
) ] × 40 (DD40)

3)
(Note 6) (15 GHz)


64 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Item Unit Value
ODN Class L1 L2
–12
Sensitivity (at S/R-CG) @ BER=10 dBm –20 –28
Sensitivity (at S/R-CG) @ BER=10–4 (Note 5) dBm –22 –30
–12
Overload (at S/R-CG) @ BER=10 dBm 3 –5
–4
(15 GHz)
(15 interferers).

Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 65

Item Unit Value
(scrambled NRZ assumed for parameter
values)
Maximum reflectance of equipment at S/R- dB NA
CG, measured at transmitter wavelength
ODN Class L1 L2
dBm –4 4
dBm –6 2
dBm 0 8
dBm –2 6
(15 GHz)
Minimum extinction ratio (Note 1) dB 6
0 to 4
[1 − ( λ ) ] × 20 (DD20),
0.092×λ 1300 2
0 to 4
[1 − ( λ
) ] × 40 (DD40)

(at S/R-CP) (Note 3)
66 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Item Unit Value
ODN Class L1 L2
Sensitivity (at R/S) @ BER=10–12 dBm –23.5 –23.5
Sensitivity (at R/S) @ BER=10–3 (Note 5) dBm –25.5 –25.5
–3
Overload (at R/S) @ BER=10 (Note 5) dBm –3 –3
(15 GHz)
(15 interferers).
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 67

Item Unit Value
ODN Class L1 L2
(at R/S) with FEC
Mean channel launch power maximum dBm 4 4
Mean channel launch power minimum dBm 3 3
(at R/S) with FEC
Minimum extinction ratio (Note 1) dB 6
0 to 4
[1 − ( λ ) ] × 20 (DD20),
0.092×λ 1300 2
0 to 4
[1 − ( λ
) ] × 40 (DD40)

3)
(Note 6) (15 GHz)

68 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Item Unit Value
ODN Class L1 L2
Sensitivity (at S/R-CG) @ BER=10–12 dBm –20.5 –28.5
–3
Sensitivity (at S/R-CG) @ BER=10 (Note 5) dBm –21.5 –29.5
–12
Overload (at S/R-CG) @ BER=10 dBm 3 –5
–3
(15 GHz)
(15 interferers).
C.1.8 Transmitter at reference point S

This clause is in accordance with clause 11.1.5, except where indicated otherwise.
C.1.8.1 Nominal central frequency
The nominal single channel frequencies on which the digital coded information of the particular
optical wavelength channels are modulated.
The central frequencies depend on the specific WM used.
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 69

C.1.8.2 Mask of transmitter eye diagram
The parameters specifying the mask of the eye diagram, illustrated in Figure C.2, for both the OLT
and ONU transmitters are shown in Table C.9.
Figure C.2 – Mask of the eye diagram for OLT and ONU transmitter
Table C.9 – Mask of the eye diagram for OLT and ONU transmitters – Numeric values
Line rate class 1.2288 to 1.25 Gbit/s 2.4576 to 6.144 to 11.09 Gbit/s
2.666 Gbit/s
x3-x2 (Note 1) 0.2 0.2 0.2
y1, y3, y4 0.25 0.25 0.25
y2 0.75 0.75 0.75
NOTE 1 – x2 and x3 of the rectangular eye mask need not be equidistant with respect to the vertical axes
at 0 UI and 1 UI.
NOTE 2 – The values for the classes 2 (~2.5Gbit/s) and 3 (~ 10 Gbit/s) are taken from clause 7.2.2.14 of
[ITU-T G.959.1].
NOTE 3 – The values for the class 1 (~1.25 Gbit/s) are derived from clause 7.2.2.14 of [ITU-T G.959.1].
C.1.8.3 Jitter performance

Jitter performance of PtP WDM PON is in accordance with the definitions in clause 11.1.5.4 with
the following modifications. Descriptions in clause 11.1.5.4 are repeated for completeness.
Jitter transfer for ONU:
70 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Figure C.3 – Jitter transfer for ONU
Table C.10 – Jitter transfer parameters for ONU
Line rate class L (kHz) C (kHz) H (kHz) P (dB)

1.2288 to 1.25 Gbit/s 10 1000 10 000 0.1
2.4576 to 2.666 Gbit/s 20 2000 20 000 0.1
6.144 to 11.09 Gbit/s 10 1000 80 000 0.1
NOTE – These values are taken or derived from clause 15 of [ITU-T G.783]
High-band portion of sinusoidal jitter mask for jitter transfer:
Figure C.4 – High-band portion of sinusoidal jitter mask for jitter transfer
Table C.11 – High-band portions of sinusoidal jitter mask parameters

Line rate class A3 (UI) A4 (UI) f2 (kHz) f3 (kHz)
1.2288 to 1.25 Gbit/s 1.5 0.15 50 500
2.4576 to 2.666 Gbit/s 1.5 0.15 100 1000
6.144 to 11.09 Gbit/s 1.5 0.15 400 4000
NOTE – These values are taken or derived from clause 15 of [ITU-T G.783].
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 71

Jitter tolerance mask:
Figure C.5 – Jitter tolerance mask
Table C.12 – Jitter tolerance mask parameters

Line rate class ft [kHz] f0 [kHz] A1 [UIp-p] A2 [UIp-p]
1.2288 to 1.25 Gbit/s 500 50 0.075 0.75
2.4576 to 2.666 Gbit/s 1000 100 0.075 0.75
6.144 to 11.09 Gbit/s 4000 400 0.075 0.75
NOTE – These values are scaled to 10 Gbit/s from the values in clause 8.2.8.9 of [ITU-T G.984.2].
72 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Annex D
ONU power levelling

D.1 Interaction between NG-PON2 PMD layer and TC layer

Power levelling is defined to allow the ONU's mean launch power level to be attenuated in order to
meet certain criteria. This levelling can be initiated by the OLT, or managed completely by the
ONU. The ONU can activate at its highest attenuation level, gradually adjusting its attenuation level
to achieve steps of higher mean launch power, until the ONU initially ranges on the PON. In this
annex, the focus is on ONU autonomous optical power levelling, providing an example of how it
can be used.
D.2 Power levelling (PL) mechanism at ONU transmitter

The introduction of multi-wavelengths in PON, in combination with the large differential optical
path loss of the ODN, results in several difficult to meet optical parameters, namely:
1) Out of band PSD
2) Out of channel PSD
3) Wavelength multiplexer isolation
4) OLT receiver overload
While a number of potential mechanisms exist to meet the various parameters, the use of PL is able
to mitigate all of these effects with a single mechanism. However, to obtain the latter two benefits
of WM isolation and OLT receiver overload relaxation all ONUs on the ODN must employ the
same PL mechanism. Described in this Annex are the details of the mechanism which shall be used
if PL is applied.
PL can be realized in at least two different ways. First, the laser current can be adjusted to achieve a
modest reduction in optical out, but only in the main mode of the laser (i.e., broadband side mode
and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) power are not impacted). As a result, this mechanism is
only useful in addressing WM isolation and OLT Rx overload. A second approach is the use of a
variable optic attenuator (VOA) function that attenuates all of the light from the ONU transmitter
which then addresses all four of the optical parameters listed above. This annex focuses on using
the VOA method to control PL.
Further, the PL mechanism can also be realized via autonomous and/or directed command
mechanisms.
D.3 ONU autonomous power levelling

It is possible for the ONU to autonomously control its output power based on the received signal
strength indication (RSSI) value, which is an approximation of the actual received downstream
power from the OLT via the ODN. Therefore the RSSI is an approximate indication of the ODN
loss. Note that the RSSI includes the variability of the OLT laser power which is 4 dB. However
autonomous PL can still be effective in reducing the impact of the ODN dynamic range as long as it
does not have to eliminate the entire dynamic range but rather reduce it. The following mechanism
for autonomous PL will take advantage of the ITU-T G.989.2 PMD requirements that define the
highest allowed optical power expected at the ONU. When the highest optical power is received the
ODN should be at minimum allowed attenuation (for a given ODN class) and the OLT Tx power
should be at the maximum allowed transmit power (for a given ODN class). If the downstream is at
the minimum allowed attenuation then the upstream must also be at the minimum allowed
attenuation, except for the difference in the optical attenuation for the upstream vs. downstream
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 73

wavelengths. The differential attenuation due to wavelength difference is well under 1 dB even for a
40 km ODN and is not considered in this annex.
The following example will examine the relationship between the downstream RSSI and the
appropriate PL setting as well as the magnitude of mitigation of the ODN dynamic range that may
be obtained autonomously by the ONU using PL.
Example:
Tables 11-5 and 11-7 for 10G downstream and upstream type A links contain the following relevant
parameters:
• OOC2 PSD = −45.7 dBm/15 GHz;
• ONU Rx Sensitivity = −28 dBm;
• ONU Rx Overload = −7 dBm;
• ONU Tx Maximum Power = +9 dBm.
Additionally, Appendix II and Table 6-1, contain, respectively, the following parameters:
• ONU RSSI accuracy = +/−3 dB;
• ODN maximum differential optical path loss = 15 dB.
If the ONU RSSI reading were considered absolutely accurate and the reading was −7 dBm this
would indicate that the ODN is at the minimum loss with the OLT Tx at maximum power. This
would allow the transmitter power to be reduced by 15 dB using PL. However due to the +/3 dB
accuracy error of the RSSI, the allowed PL is reduced by 3 dB to only 12 dB. It is assumed in this
analysis that the inaccuracy of the PL attenuation is negligible. As the downstream RSSI decreases,
the PL must eventually be reduced until the PL = 0 and the laser reaches full power to ensure
minimum upstream optical power is obtained over the entire ODN attenuation range.
While it is possible to determine the approximate laser power using optical line supervision
parameters at the ONU, the tolerance of that reading is no better than the RSSI. So the only useful
information available to the ONU is the downstream RSSI and it must be assumed that the ODN
loss is increasing rather than the OLT Tx power is decreasing as RSSI falls.
To avoid falling below the OLT minimum receive power level, the ONU must begin to reduce the
PL from 12 dB when the RSSI falls below –7 dBm.
Assuming the minimum step size is 3 dB the following rules would apply (other steps, for example
1 dB, are also possible):
1) If the ONU RSSI is greater than or equal to –7 dBm, then PL of 12 dB is applied.
2) If the ONU RSSI is less than –7 and greater than or equal to –10 dBm, then PL of 9 dB is
applied.
applied.
applied.
5) If the ONU RSSI is less than –16 then PL of 0 dB is applied.
The PL procedure reduces the apparent differential optical path loss of the ODN and, hence, the
optical dynamic range at the OLT, at least for ONUs with PL. If all ONUs implement PL then all of
the four optical parameters (OOC, OOB, isolation, overload) could be relaxed. However if there is a
mix of ONUs with and without PL, then only the PSD requirements (OOC and OOB) will be able
to be relaxed for the ONUs employing PL.
74 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

D.4 OOC and OOB PSD relaxation
The PSD requirements in Tables 11-6 and 11-7 are based on the worst case dynamic range of
upstream bursts as received at the S/R-CG point. If the apparent differential optical path loss of the
ODN can be reduced, then the PSD levels may be relaxed, for ONUs with PL.
In this example, it is possible to effectively reduce the apparent differential optical path loss of the
ODN by up to 12 dB (15 dB ideal, minus 3 dB accuracy).
Considering the maximum OOC2 PSD requirement of −45.7 dBm/15 GHz and considering that the
maximum ONU Tx power is +9 dBm then the out of channel side mode suppression ratio (SMSR)
requirement without PL is +9 dBm – (−45.7 dBm) = 54.7 dB. Therefore the 12 dB PL allows a
relaxation of SMSR to 42.7 dB. Note that OOB PSD benefits in the same way from this technique.
Upon completion of autonomous PL, the ONU should send a message to the OLT after ranging to
indicate it is operating PL mode and the level of PL it is using.
D.5 OLT directed ONU power levelling

The directed mode applies only to ONUs that are capable of PL in excess of 12 dB, or if more
precise control of PL is needed. If the PL values possible with the ONU autonomous method are
insufficient for the laser being used, then an additional 6-9 dB of mitigation is possible via control
by the OLT using the mechanisms provided in [ITU-T G.989.3].
The directed PL mechanism requires functionalities belonging to the TC layer, such as the ONU
capability to increase/reduce the transmitted power on the basis of downstream messages sent by
the OLT. Such functionalities, as well as the capability to perform PL during initialization or as well
as during operation, are for further study.
D.6 ONU troubleshooting considerations

Without power levelling it is possible to determine whether an ONU is transmitting outside of PMD
launch power requirements by locally measuring the optical power from the ONU using a PON
power meter. For ONUs with PL this becomes somewhat more complicated. Conceivably, one
might troubleshoot by measuring both the downstream and upstream powers at the ONU to
determine if the ONU is transmitting outside of the range of the PMD tables for ONUs without PL.
The downstream optical power measurement could be used to check if it is compliant with the PL
rules described above. However, due to the limitations on accuracy of the RSSI reading at the ONU,
there is scope for a significant difference in what the PON power meter will be detecting and what
the ONU determines is being received. Furthermore, it is possible that, near the cross-over points of
the ranges defined in clause D.3, that the insertion loss of the power meter could cause the ONU's
RSSI signal to drop to the next range and result in the ONU Tx level being driven 3 dB higher. The
above factors should be taken into account by network operators and system designers when
designing troubleshooting procedures.
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 75

Appendix I
Wavelength considerations for NG-PON2, XG-PON1, G-PON

and RF video overlay distribution services
(This appendix does not form an integral part of this Recommendation.)
When considering coexistence for NG-PON2, the following legacy PON systems were considered:
• G-PON;
• RF video overlay;
• XG-PON1;
• OTDR.
The mapping of these wavelength bands for each system is graphically shown in Figure I.1 to
provide an understanding of the considerations when coexisting with NG-PON2.
Figure I.1 – NG-PON2 wavelength plan – Coexistence representation
For legacy PONs, see Appendix I of [ITU-T G.984.5] for a generic consideration of wavelength
allocation for XG-PON1, G-PON and RF video overlay distribution services.
76 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Appendix II
Physical layer measurements required to support optical layer supervision

The following information was taken from Appendix IV in Amendment 2 of [ITU-T G.984.2]. Note
that in addition to some changed ranges, the method of calculating the values has also changed for
some parameters. These changes are indicated in this appendix. These functions also apply to PtP
WDM PON and further study is needed to tailor the requirements for PtP WDM PON.
Table II.1 – NG-PON2 optical digital diagnostic monitoring parameters

Typical
Typical range
Resolution Accuracy Repeatability response
(Note 1)
time
Temperature – OLT and –45 to +90 C 0.25 C ±3 C ±1 C 1s
ONT
Voltage – OLT and ONT 0 to 6.55 V 0.5% of ±3% of ±1% of 1s
(Note 4) nominal nominal nominal
Bias current – OLT and 1% of ±10% of ±5% of 1s
ONT (Note 4) 0 to 819 mA nominal nominal nominal
ONT transmit power –28 to +20 dBm 0.1 dB ±3 dB ±0.5 dB 300 ns
(Note 2)
ONT receive power –53 to –4.9 dBm 0.1 dB ±3 dB ±0.5 dB 300 ns
(Note 5) (Note 2, 6)
OLT transmit power –28 to +20 dBm 0.1 dB ±2 dB ±0.5 dB 300 ns
(Note 2)
OLT receive power –53 to –4.9 dBm 0.1 dB ±2 dB ±0.5 dB 300 ns
(Note 3) (Note 5) (Note 2, 6)
NOTE 1 – The typical range attempts to capture the most common range of parameters of an operational
optical module. If a module has a different operational range, then the measurement range follows that
range, augmented by the measurement inaccuracy on either end.
NOTE 2 – ONT and OLT optical repeatability refers to multiple measurements taken when the true values
of the ONT or OLT temperature and voltage are the same at the time of measurement. However, the
normal range of those parameters is exercised in between tests as a means to gauge their aging effects.
NOTE 3 – The OLT's measurement reflects the average power received during a burst. This requires the
OLT to perform the measurement at the proper time with respect to the incoming burst, and that the burst
is long enough to support the response time of the detector. The deviation due to non-50% duty cycle in
the upstream data pattern is not to be charged against the measurement accuracy or repeatability
specifications.
NOTE 4 – Nominal refers to the design value of the quantity being measured (i.e., voltage or bias current)
for the particular device implementation.
NOTE 5 – Absolute accuracy is 3 dB down to –35 dBm received optical power, and 5 dB beyond
–35 dBm.
NOTE 6 – Repeatability < 0.5 dB down to –35 dBm optical power over 1-10 second measurement time.
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 77

Transmitter bias current modifications
Originally, this parameter only covered laser "health" by monitoring the bias current to the laser.
However, for NG-PON2 the parameters by which transmitter "health" is monitored has to be
expanded. Currently the expectation is that some NG-PON2 solutions will encompass both EMLs
and SOAs, which need to be monitored as well. Rather than adding more registers, this standard
changes the single existing register into a multi-parameter register, by using the two most
significant bits to code 3 types of information, as shown in Table II.2.
Table II.2 – Transmitter current monitor coding

Bit 16 Bit 15 Description
0 0 Undefined
0 1 Laser bias
1 0 SOA current
1 1 Undefined
The remaining 14 bits allow for 16384 values to be defined, using 50 µA (0.050 mA) steps.
Transmitter power modifications
The modifications to this parameter are to extend the upper and lower measurement range by
adjusting the step size. By changing the step size to 1.5 µW, the ranges indicated in Table II.3 are
supported.
Table II-3 – NG-PON2 optical digital diagnostic monitoring parameters

dBm  µW  Value
–28.24 = 1.5 0x00 0x01
–25.23 = 3.0 0x00 0x02
\/ \/
0 = 1e3 0x02 0x9A
0.0065 = 1.0015e3 0x02 0x9B
\/ \/
+20 = 100e3 0xFF 0xFF
Receiver power modifications

The modifications to this parameter are also to extend the upper and lower measurement range by
adjusting step size. Much lower values are indicated on the lower end of the range to facilitate
tuning of the ONU tunable transmitter. The parameters are specified in two ranges to allow for
reasonable implementations, as indicated in Table II.1. By selecting a 0.005 µW resolution, the
ranges indicated in Table II.4 are supported.
78 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Table II.4 – NG-PON2 optical digital diagnostic monitoring parameters
with 0.005 µW resolution
dBm µW Value
–53 = 0.005 = 0x00 0x01
–50 = 0.010 = 0x00 0x02
–48.2 = 0.015 = 0x00 0x03
\/ \/
–27.972 = 1.595 = 0x01 0x3F
–27.959 = 1.600 = 0x01 0x40
–27.945 = 1.605 = 0x01 0x41
\/ \/
–4.84 = 327.7 = 0xFF 0xFF
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 79

Appendix III
Allocation of the physical layer overhead time

(This appendix reference is only applicable for TWDM PON.)
The physical layer overhead time (Tplo) is used to accommodate five physical processes in the
PON. These are: laser on/off time, timing drift tolerance, level recovery, clock recovery and start of
burst delimitation. The exact division of the physical layer time to all these functions is determined
partly by constraint equations and partly by implementation choices. This appendix reviews the
constraints that the OLT must comply with, and suggests values for the discretionary values.
The Tplo can be divided into three sections with respect to what ONU data pattern is desired. For
simplicity, these times can be referred to as the guard time (Tg), the preamble time (Tp) and the
delimiter time (Td). During Tg, the ONU will transmit no more power than the nominal zero level.
During Tp, the ONU will transmit a preamble pattern that provides the desired transition density
and signal pattern for fast level and clock recovery functions. Lastly, during Td, the ONU will
transmit a special data pattern with optimal autocorrelation properties that enable the OLT to find
the beginning of the burst. An additional parameter of the control logic on the PON is the total
peak-to-peak timing uncertainty (Tu). This uncertainty arises from variations of the time of flight
caused by the fibre and component variations with temperature and other environmental factors.
Figure III.1 shows the timing relationship between the various physical layer overhead times. Table
III.2 gives recommended values for Tg, Tp, Td and Tplo.
Figure III.1 – Timing relationship between the various physical layer overhead times
The constraint equations with which the OLT must comply are then:
Tg  Ton  Tu, and
Tg  Toff  Tu
These equations can be explained as follows. The first equation makes sure that the following
burst's laser on ramp-up does not fall on top of the last burst's data. The second equation makes sure
that the last burst's laser off tail-off does not fall on top of the following burst's preamble.
Tp must be sufficient for the physical layer to recover the signal level (essentially, setting the
decision threshold) and the signal clock phase. There are many diverse design approaches to these
two problems, each with its own benefits and costs. Some designs are very fast, but require an
external trigger signal and produce sub-optimal error performance. Other designs are slower, but do
not require a reset signal and produce bit errors that are normally distributed. In addition, each of
these designs may have special requirements on the data pattern used for the preamble. Some
designs prefer a maximum transition density pattern, while others prefer a pattern with a balance of
transitions and controlled runs of identical digits.
80 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Since the design is up to the OLT implementer, the OLT configures the details of the preamble that
is transmitted by the ONU. This is part of the burst profile discussion below.
Td must be long enough to provide a robust delimiter function in the face of bit errors. The error
resistance of the delimiter depends on the exact implementation of the pattern correlator, but a
simple approximate relationship between the number of bits in the delimiter (N) and the number of
bit errors tolerated (E) is:
E  int N / 4  1 (III-1)
Equation III-1 has been empirically verified by a numerical search of all delimiters of sizes ranging
from 8 to 32 bits. This search was performed under the assumption that the preamble pattern was a
"1010" repeating pattern, and that the delimiter had an equal number of zeroes and ones. The
Hamming distance, D, of the best delimiter from all shifted patterns of itself and the preamble was
found to be D = int(N/2) – 1; yielding the error tolerance shown.
Given a certain BER, the probability of a severely errored burst (Pseb) is given by:
 N 
Pseb    BER E 1 (III-2)
 E  1 
Substituting equation III-1 into equation III-2, the resultant Pseb is given by:
 N 
Pseb    BER int(N / 4) (III-3)
 int  N / 4  
If the BER equals 10–4, the resultant Pseb for various delimiter lengths, N, is given in Table III.1.
Inspection of this table shows that, in order to effectively suppress this kind of error, the delimiter
length must be at least 16 bits long. The choice of delimiter length and pattern is made by the OLT
as part of the burst profile.
Table III.1 – Probability of a severely errored

burst as a function of delimiter length
N Pseb
8 2.8 × 10–7
12 2.2 × 10–10
16 1.8 × 10–13
20 1.5 × 10–16
24 1.3 × 10–19
32 1.1 × 10–25
64 4.9 × 10–50
With these considerations taken into account, the worst case and objective allocations of the
physical layer overhead are given in Table III.2. This table also lists the values for the ONU
transmitter enable time and transmitter disable time, and the total physical layer overhead time for
reference. The worst-case values are intended to provide a reasonable bound for easy
implementation, and the objective values are intended to be the design target for more efficient
implementation with optimized components. These values are for a simple ODN without reach
extenders. Reach extenders may require their own guard and preamble time allowances, making the
total overhead larger.
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 81

Table III.2 – Recommended allocation of
burst mode overhead time for TWDM PON OLT functions
Transmitter Transmitter Guard time, Preamble Delimiter
Total time, Tplo
enable disable Tg time, Tp time, Td
2.48832 Gb/s
Worst case in 320 320 2048 512 1472 64
bit times (128.6) (128.6) (823.1) (205.8) (610.9) (25.7)
(ns)
2.48832 Gb/s 64 64 512 128 320 32
Objective (25.7) (25.7) (205.8) (51.4) (128.6) (12.8)
in bit time
(ns)
9.95328 Gb/s
Worst case 1280 1280 8192 2048 6080 64
in bit times (128.6) (128.6) (823.1) (205.8) (610.9) (6.4)
(ns)
9.95328 Gb/s
Objective 256 256 2048 512 1280 32
in bit times (25.7) (25.7) (205.8) (51.4) (128.6) (3.2)
(ns)
In addition to the design dependent aspects of the burst overhead, there can be operationally
dependent factors. For example, detecting an ONU's ranging burst is a more difficult problem than
receiving an ONU's regular transmission. For another example, some ONUs may have higher power
and are easier to detect, and therefore do not need FEC. For these reasons, the OLT may request
different burst parameters depending on the context.
The concept of a burst profile captures all the aspects of burst overhead control. A burst profile
specifies the preamble pattern and length, the delimiter pattern and length, and whether FEC parity
is sent. The OLT establishes one or more burst profiles, and then requests a particular burst profile
for each burst transmission.
The OLT has considerable latitude in setting up the profiles, because the OLT's burst receiver is
sensitive to the profile parameters. Therefore, the OLT uses profiles that ensure adequate response
in its burst mode receiver. However, some basic requirements from the ONU side must be met.
Namely, the preamble and delimiter patterns are balanced and they have a reasonable transition
density. If not, the ONU transmitter driver circuitry may be adversely affected. Also note that the
preamble and delimiter patterns could differ in each profile, and this difference could be used by the
OLT receiver as an in-band indication of the format of each burst (e.g., FEC active or not).
The details of distributing the burst profiles and signalling their use will be described in the
transmission convergence layer specification of the ITU-T G.989 series of Recommendations.
82 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Appendix IV
Jitter budget specifications for TWDM PON

See Appendix IV in [ITU-T G.987.2].
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 83

Appendix V
Measurement of TWDM PON burst mode acquisition time and

burst node eye opening at OLT
See Appendix V in [ITU-T G.987.2] for an example using 2.48832 Gbit/s in the upstream and
9.95328 Gbit/s in the downstream. The jitter budgets for 9.95328 Gbit/s in the upstream and
2.48832 Gbit/s in the downstream are for further study. This appendix reference is only applicable
for TWDM PON.
84 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Appendix VI
Nonlinear Raman interactions in optical fibres and mitigation

technologies for coexistence of multiple PONs
This appendix provides background information on the issues related to operating multiple PON
systems on the same fibre, specifically analysis of non-linearities and optical safety. Consideration
is given to G-PON (as defined in [ITU-T G.984.2]), XG-PON1 (as defined in [ITU-T G.987.2]) and
the NG-PON2 systems defined in this Recommendation. Additionally consideration is also given to
RF video overlay.
Nonlinear Raman interaction, i.e., stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), between optical waves
propagating in a fibre is a well-known physical phenomenon that can give rise to two major
undesirable effects: modulation crosstalk between the signals and power depletion of the signals at
shorter wavelengths. The Raman gain spectrum in silica fibre extends to about 50 THz and the
effects may be detectable between signals separated by as little as 1 THz or as much as 40 THz, as
indicated in the Raman gain curve of Figure VI.1 for [ITU-T G.652] type of fibre.
Figure VI.1 – Raman gain curve example for ITU-T G.652 type of fibre
When modulation crosstalk occurs, modulation components of one optical signal are superimposed
on another optical signal at a different wavelength, which can substantially impact the information
being transmitted. Modulation crosstalk due to Raman interactions only occur between
co-propagating optical signals.
When optical power depletion occurs, signals at shorter wavelengths act as pump sources, i.e.,
experience power depletion, that amplify signals at longer wavelengths. If the optical power
depletion is substantial, the quality of the transmitted information may suffer or the optical link
reach may be impacted. Optical power depletion can occur in either co-propagating or counter-
propagating waves in the fibre.
Mitigation techniques for nonlinear Raman interactions in optical fibres
Although SRS is an unavoidable natural phenomenon, steps can be taken to minimize its negative
impacts on a multi-wavelength optical communication system. Most obvious amongst these is the
prudent selection of system wavelengths, optical launch powers and modulation formats. However,
the choice of these parameters must be balanced so that other system performance requirements can
be achieved as well. A number of SRS mitigation schemes have been proposed to alleviate
performance impairments due to design constraints that would result in significant SRS impacts.
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 85

The suggested SRS mitigation schemes include: high pass RF filtering, zero composite degree of
polarization (DoP) interferer launch, dedicated transmitter and PSD shaping.
High pass RF filtering of data signals prior to transmission (HighPassRF). The Raman crosstalk on
a video RF optical carrier is primarily concerned with the lower frequency band of the RF spectrum
of the TV channels. It has been proposed that the high pass filtering of the data modulation will
greatly reduce the impairment caused by the SRS crosstalk while maintaining the data integrity
(e.g., for a 9.95328 Gbit/s signal, attenuating the modulation spectrum below 200 MHz) With this
technique, the significant attenuation of the low frequency components from the offending
interferers' modulation spectra, prior to optical transmission, will reduce the RF modulation
crosstalk problem and up to a 12 dB reduction in Raman crosstalk might be achievable. Figure VI.2
illustrates the HighPassRF scheme.
Figure VI.2 – HighPassRF – Raman crosstalk suppression scheme utilizing RF

high-pass filtering of the data modulation
Zero composite DoP interferer launch (DoP0): By arranging the polarization states of the SRS
interferer signals so that their weighted Stokes vectors add to zero, one creates a statistical mixture
of states (signals) whose composite DoP is also zero. This statistical mixture as a whole appears to
any other signal that interacts with it to be un-polarized. The zero composite DoP state also happens
to be the state of maximum entropy insofar as polarization is concerned. Therefore, except for some
incidental variations due to the optical fibre's polarization mode dispersion, the composite DoP of
the mixture will remain very close to zero as the mixture of interferer signals propagates through
any span of optical fibre. Hence, the length averaged polarization overlap probability between the
mixture of interferers with any other signal, such as the RF video overlay carrier, will remain very
close to 0.5 for any fibre span. This implies that, as compared to the highly unlikely case of all the
interferer signals being launched in parallel to one another (DoP = 1) and also to the RF video
overlay signal (so that the polarization overlap probability is 1.0), the level of SRS crosstalk is 6 dB
lower. Then, because of the 2:1 electrical to optical dB relationship, 3 dB more optical power could
potentially be launched into the fibre for the zero composite DoP case as compared to the parallel
launch 1.0 DoP case. Alternating the polarization states between two orthogonal states is one way
of achieving a net weighted Stokes vector of zero. Another way is to arrange the polarization states
so that the angle between consecutive Stokes vectors is 360/n, where n is the number of interferers
in the mixture (this assumes equal weights for the interferers). Figure VI.3 shows the DoP0 scheme.
86 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Figure VI.3 – DoP0 – Raman crosstalk suppression scheme utilizing alternating
orthogonal polarization states to create a mixed state with
a composite degree of polarization equal to zero
The DoP0 scheme is useful for mitigating downstream coexisting system impacts (GPON,
XG-PON1, RF video overlay, etc.). When utilized, the OLT laser and WM devices are polarization
controlled. In the non-integrated case, the laser is 0 degree aligned to the connector alignment pin
and the WM inputs are orthogonally aligned such that channel one is 0 degrees, channel two and
channel three are 90 degrees and then alternating thereafter every two channels. Additionally,
polarization maintaining fibres must be used between the OLT transmitter and WM.
Dedicated Raman crosstalk mitigation optical transmitter (DedicatedTx): The basic scheme
includes the addition to the existing system of a dedicated optical transmitter along with some
passive elements at the OLT. The modulation on this dedicated Raman crosstalk suppression
transmitter is appropriately prepared by the selection of its wavelength and launch power, and is
also electrically modulated with properly polarized composite, yet bandwidth limited (e.g.,
100 MHz for a 9.95328 Gbit/s data modulation) reproductions of the offending baseband digital
modulation signals. This greatly simplifies the design of the composite modulation conditioning
circuitry and also reduces the cost of the equalizer laser transmitter. The system utilizes destructive
interference between the individual interferer transmitters' modulations and the terms of the
composite modulation imparted upon the equalizer laser transmitter. This will effectively cancel the
deleterious Raman crosstalk noise and restore the integrity of the transmitted video information.
The proposed solution thereby allows for the coexistence of an optical carrier transporting
television channels with co-propagating optical signals that are modulated with baseband digital
traffic on the same optical distribution network. Utilizing the Raman crosstalk mitigation
technology described here, the video carrier-to-Raman crosstalk ratio (CCR) can potentially be
improved by 12 up to 14 dB at the low end of the RF frequency spectrum where the impact of this
effect is most damaging. This system is equally effective at cancelling out the Raman crosstalk
noise of incoherent or coherently related interferers. Figure VI.4 shows the DedicatedTx scheme.
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 87

Figure VI.4 – DedicatedTx – Raman crosstalk cancellation scheme utilizing
a dedicated crosstalk mitigation transmitter
Power spectral density shaping (PSD-S): The principle of this technique is to mitigate or avoid
PSD overlapping between legacy binary PON signal (scrambled NRZ coding) and RF video overlay
signal, by means of implementing flexible digital signalling processing (DSP) functions. DSP here
is understood as a general purpose mechanism for information and symbol processing designated to
perform spectrum shaping by appropriate pulse shaping, data rate [b-Kim], line code
[b-Al-Qazwini], or modulation schemes. Figure VI.5 shows the impact of these factors on the SRS
crosstalk. Figure VI.5 assumes 0 dBm at the receiver. Frequencies up to 300 MHz are the ones more
directly affecting the crosstalk in systems with 10 to 20 km reach.
The pulse repetition rate, related to the data rate, affects the PSD directly influencing the average
power and introducing a set of dips in the power spectrum. The first frequency dips usually appear
at frequencies related to the data rate. For NRZ, the dips appear at the baud rate frequency, for
example, 2.5 Gbaud/s has the first dip at 2.5 GHz. Higher data rates for the same pulse shaping will
result in lower PSDs at the lower frequencies and the appearance of the first dip at higher
frequencies.
Line coding can be also used to reshape the spectrum and further change the operational margins as
what relates RF video overlay crosstalk. However, this solution usually requires an overhead which
will result in bandwidth efficiency loss.
When designing a system where RF video overlay coexistence is required, the potential impacts of
all the above mentioned parameters need to be considered and the required margins may need to be
recalculated. With tighter spectral control (done by a window function) and up-conversion (done by
shifting the digital baseband signal to an upper spectrum location), the use of spectrum shaping
therefore would enable a clearly separated and isolated signal spectrum that does not overlap with
88 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

the spectral interference region of the RF signal, thus mitigating co-propagation Raman crosstalk
effects in coexistence scenarios.
In best practice, the DSP functions used for spectrum shaping can be integrated into current TWDM
PON architecture by merging DSP logic into the transmission convergence adaptation sublayer (as
shown in Figure VI.6). The DSP logic can be programmable and can be enabled or disabled for
backward compatibility with NRZ coding. Moreover, the optics for TWDM PON can also be reused
with proper optimization to accommodate such spectrum shaping. Since DSP functions can be
flexibly selected and software-defined, many other non-NRZ coding schemes and digital filtering
functions can also be supported in this architecture, leading to different levels of performance for
particular applications.
Figure VI.5 – Measured RF spectrum of several data rates, modulation formats and codings
Figure VI.6 – PDS shaping scheme utilizing integrated DSP logic architecture
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 89

Appendix VII
Cyclic AWG channel grid design examples

This appendix has been deprecated.
90 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Appendix VIII
Wavelength multiplexer, upstream inter-channel crosstalk, ONU transmitter

tuning time considerations and upstream channel grid example
This appendix provides example information on the WM characteristics, upstream inter-channel

crosstalk and its penalty related to the isolation specification of the WM device, along with ONU
transmitter tuning time.
VIII.1 Wavelength multiplexer

Table VIII.1 provides example values for the WM device. Isolation values may vary depending on
the number of wavelength channels considered, the example given in Table VIII.1 is for an eight
channel case. Critical to the proper definition of WM passband, consideration must be given to the
maximum tuning error (MTE) of the associated laser. MTE is the maximum spectral error allowed
due to tuning. MTE is the maximum differential spectral distance of the actual wavelength to the
nominal centre of the wavelength channel. Specifically the relationship between MTE and MSE is
shown in Figure VIII.1 and can be represented as a formula:
MTE = MSE – (minimum single-sided spectral width at –15 dB) ≈ MSE – (data rate in Hz)
Figure VIII.1 – Relationship between MTE and MSE
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 91

Table VIII.1 – WM characteristics
Specification Condition Value
Loss without connectors S/R-CPn to S/R-CG < 2.0 dB (Low)
(Note) < 4.0 dB (High)
Isolation S/R-CG to any S/R-CPn FFS
(only applies to upstream ports)
Maximum optical power Any individual port +23 dBm
Return loss Any port > 50 dB
Directivity Any S/R-CPn to any S/R-CPn > 50 dB
NOTE – This is the loss without connectors when an ONU tunes to the peak wavelength ±MTE. When an
ONU tunes around to maintain lock, it requires an amount of loss budget for the tuning process (which
depends on the RSSI).
NOTE – The optical parameter tables are specified at the S/R-CG & R/S points, as illustrated by Figure 6-1.
In order to determine optical level at the S/R-CP point, the loss of WM must be taken into account.
Table VIII.1 specifies two classes of loss for the WM, resulting in two different values. OLT transceivers
indicate the compatible WM loss class (low or high). WM loss classes are likely to be technology based
(e.g., AWG versus thin film filter).
The following requirements apply to each operating channel of the OLT receive filter (WM):
1) The (1+X) dB filter bandwidth2 must be smaller than 2·MTE, where X is the transmitter
power wavelength dependency.
2) The shape of the filter characteristic must be monotonically decreasing (apart from a
limited ripple as specified below), on each side with respect to the filter minimum loss
point, in the region delimited by the intersections with the adjacent channel filter responses
extended by twice the MTE3, as shown in Figure VIII.3.
3) The value of any residual ripple in the monotonic region specified above must be less than
the OLT receive power measurement resolution.
Requirement 1 guarantees that any unacceptable (i.e., exceeding the MTE) deviation of the ONU
transmitter wavelength, with respect to the filter minimum loss point (nominally the channel
centre), can always be revealed at the OLT receiver.
Requirement 2 guarantees that the wavelength locking and tracking mechanism operation makes the
ONU transmitter wavelength always move towards the filter minimum loss point (nominally the
channel centre).
Requirement 3 guarantees that any residual ripple on the receive filter shape causes power
variations which are practically unmeasurable at the OLT receiver, hence that it cannot adversely
affect the operation of the wavelength locking and tracking mechanism.
Note that the maximum loss due to imperfect tuning (i.e., when the ONU locks at a distance equal
to MTE away from the channel centre) coincides with the OLT receiver power measurements
repeatability (total of 1 dB, according to Table VIII.2). In practice, however, the tuning error and
tuning loss could be reduced by averaging the OLT receive power measurements.
____________________
2 Or, equivalently, the incremental loss caused by any wavelength deviation from the nominal channel
wavelength greater than MTE must be greater than the OLT receive power measurement repeatability,
which equals 0.5 dB (see Table VIII.2), plus the ONU power variation, which equals the transmitter
power wavelength dependency.
3 This would require the additional specification of the ONU laser –15 dB spectral width; alternatively,
MTE could be conservatively replaced here by MSE.
92 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Tx- transmitter
Rx-receiver
Figure VIII.2 – Requirement on filter bandwidth
Rx-receiver
Figure VIII.3 – Requirement on filter monotonicity
VIII.2 Upstream inter-channel crosstalk

Figure VIII.4 shows a simplified TWDM PON reference diagram excluding coexistence
(i.e., no coexistence element Type x (CEx) device) which is used as the baseline to calculate the
upstream inter-channel crosstalk and its penalty.
Figure VIII.4 – Reference diagram for inter-channel crosstalk calculation
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 93

Because of architectural asymmetry, ONUs can be located at different remote locations to have
large differential optical path loss in the upstream direction, whereas NG-PON2 OLT ports are
located near to each other to have no differential optical path loss in the downstream direction. The
maximum differential optical path loss (dMAX) is specified as 15 dB as in Table 11-4.
In this situation, the multichannel signal power spectrum at the S/R-CG point in front of WM
device in the central office and the multichannel signal power spectrum at R/S point in front of each
ONU can have quite different channel power differences as illustrated in Figure VIII.5.
Figure VIII.5 – Signal power spectrum (a) at S/R-CG point and (b) at R/s point
According to Table 11-4, the difference between the mean launch power maximum and the mean
launch power minimum of the OLT transmitter for the downstream direction (POLT) is 4 dB.
Considering typical 1.5 dB uniformity specification of the WM device (UniformityWM), the
maximum power difference among the downstream signals at the R/S point in front of ONU can be
as high as 5.5 dB. However, in the upstream direction, the maximum differential optical path loss
(dMAX) 15 dB can be added to the difference between the mean launch power maximum and the
mean launch power minimum of the ONU transmitter (PONU) 5 dB (per Table 11-5). And the
maximum power difference among the upstream signals at the S/R-CG point in front of WM device
can be as high as 20 dB.
Since the upstream signal power difference at S/R-CG point in front of WM device can be much
higher (14.5 dB higher) than the downstream signal power difference at R/S point in front of ONU,
care must be taken when designing the WM device regarding the isolation specification in order to
reduce the inter-channel crosstalk and its penalty.
VIII.2.1 Worst-case design approach
The upstream inter-channel crosstalk (Cc) in worst-case design approach can be calculated using
the following equation [b-ITU-T G.Sup39]:
 IA  I NA

Cc  PONU  d MAX  10 log 10  2  10 10  ( N  3)  10 10  dB , (VIII-1)
 
where IA and INA are the adjacent channel isolation and the non-adjacent channel isolation of the
WM device, respectively, N is total number of channels. And with Gaussian approximation the
inter-channel crosstalk penalty (Pc) can be calculated using the following equation
[b-ITU-T G.Sup39]:
æ 2Cc 2ö
ç 10 10 2 æ ER +1 ö ÷
Pc = -5log 1- Q ç ÷ ÷ (VIII-2)
ç N -1 è ER -1 ø ø
è
where 𝑄 = √2𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑐 −1 (2 × 𝐵𝐸𝑅).
For an upstream BER of 10–4 as specified in Table 11-6, Q = 3.72. The induced optical penalty at a
linear extinction ratio of 0.16 (8 dB) is plotted against inter-channel crosstalk for the cases of total
number of channel N = 4 and N = 8 in Figure VIII.6.
94 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Figure VIII.6 – Optical penalty against inter-channel crosstalk for N = 4 and N = 8
The calculated inter-channel crosstalk values and its penalties are summarized in Table VIII.2 for
four channel systems and eight channel systems, with WM device examples of commercially
available typical AWG, filter having tight isolation specification, and cascaded filter.
Table VIII.2 – Calculated inter-channel crosstalk and its penalty

in worst-case design approach
Typical AWG Filter with tight spec. Cascaded filter

Worst-case design
approach IA = 23 dB, IA = 26 dB, IA = 32 dB,
INA = 30 dB INA = 33 dB INA = 36 dB
4 channel Cc (dB) 0.4 –2.6 –8.2

system
Pc (dB) Infinite Infinite 0.5
8 channel Cc (dB) 1.8 –1.2 –6

system
Pc (dB) Infinite Infinite 0.6
In a worst-case design approach, a WM device with very high isolation specifications (IA = 32 dB
and INA = 36 dB) is required for the TWDM PON to be reasonably bounded with optical penalty
0.6 dB added by the inter-channel crosstalk.
VIII.2.2 Statistical design approach
For the statistical design approach, the Monte Carlo simulation method is used to calculate the inter-
channel crosstalk. The mean launch power of the ONU transmitter is assumed to have uniform
random distribution with values varying from 4 dBm to 9 dBm (as per Table 11-6). The differential
optical path loss is also assumed to have a uniform random distribution with values varying from
0 dB to 15 dB (as per Table 6-1). The inter-channel crosstalk probabilities calculated using a Monte
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 95

Carlo simulation for the same WM device examples as in clause VIII.2.1 are illustrated in
Figure VIII.7.
Figure VIII.7 – Monte Carlo simulation for the probability of inter-channel crosstalk
for the cases (a) four channel system and (b) eight channel system
The calculated inter-channel crosstalk values and its penalties in case of statistical design approach
are summarized in Table VIII.3 for four channel systems and eight channel systems, with WM
device examples of commercially available typical AWG, filter having tight isolation specification,
and cascaded filter. Here, a probability threshold for system acceptance of 0.3% is used to calculate
the inter-channel crosstalk values and equation VIII-2 is used to calculate the penalties.
Table VIII.3 – Calculated inter-channel crosstalk and its penalty in

statistical design approach
Typical AWG Filter with tight spec. Cascaded filter

Statistical design approach
IA = 23 dB, IA = 26 dB, IA = 32 dB,
INA = 30 dB INA = 33 dB INA = 36 dB
4 channel Cc (dB) –5 –8 –13.5

system
Pc (dB) 4.1 0.5 0
8 channel Cc (dB) –4 –7 –12

system
Pc (dB) 1.9 0.3 0
Even in statistical design approach, a typical arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) cannot be used
because of excessive inter-channel crosstalk. The WM device needs to be implemented using a
filter with high isolation specifications in order for the TWDM PON to have reasonably bounded
optical penalty 0.5 dB.
VIII.2.3 Method to limit the inter-channel crosstalk impairment
There could be two approaches to limit the inter-channel crosstalk impairment. One is to make the
WM isolations high enough with given received signal power dynamic range in front of the WM
device, either with worst-case design or with statistical design. The other is additionally to reduce
96 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

the received signal power dynamic range (PCG) in front of the WM device by controlling ONU
transmitter signal power depending on ODN insertion loss.
There are also two different specification methods to limit the inter-channel crosstalk impairment.
One is to specify the adjacent channel isolation (IA) and the non-adjacent channel isolation (INA) of
the WM device between S/R-CG point and S/R-CPn point. The other is to specify the inter-channel
crosstalk (Cc) at S/R-CPn point.
Based on the calculation results in the previous clause, Table VIII.4 shows example methods and
specifications to limit the inter-channel crosstalk penalty as 0.5 dB or below.
Table VIII.4 – Example methods and specifications to give 0.5 dB

inter-channel crosstalk penalty
Specifying the WM
Specifying the WM isolations and received Specifying inter-
Specification isolations only signal power dynamic channel crosstalk
method range
Worst-case Statistical Worst-case
design design design
Parameter
IA, minimum 32 26 23 NA
INA, minimum 36 33 30 NA
PCG, maximum NA NA 11 NA
Cc, maximum NA NA NA –8
VIII.3 ONU transmitter tuning time

The ONU transmitter wavelength channel tuning time may be measured using the procedure and
test set-up below. The purpose of the test set-up is to measure the tuning time unambiguously. The
tuning of the laser is illustrated below in Figure VIII.8.
Figure VIII.8 – Illustration of laser tuning across the operating band
The tuning time as shown in the illustration does not begin when the laser begins to tune but when
the laser exits the passband of the origin wavelength channel, i.e., when the optical power drops of
0.5 dB compared to the initial value, after a channel change signal in the form required by the
tunable device. The tuning time ends when the laser enters the passband of the destination
wavelength channel, i.e., when the optical power, in the destination wavelength channel, reaches
and stays within 0.5 dB of the initial (origin channel) value. The transmitter wavelength channel
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 97

tuning time is computed over all possible channel changes in the tuning range. A reference channel
demultiplexer is used in the test set-up. It is required that the laser power variation during the
channel change and the attenuation uniformity between channels of the reference channel
demultiplexer are each below 0.25 dB.
The test set-up is shown in Figure VIII.9, while Figure VIII.10 illustrates how the tuning time
parameter is measured.
Figure VIII.9 – Test set-up for tuning time of ONU transmitter
Figure VIII.10 – Optical power vs. time from summation of waveform monitors
The test set up attenuator is set such that the optical received power at the optical-to-electrical (O/E)
converters is in range that is not close to receiver overload and the signal is high enough to be
accurately measured. The laser is initially tuned to within 0.1 dB of the minimum loss point of the
filter. A threshold is set at 0.5 dB below the resulting initial power measurement. The crossing of
this threshold will be used to determine the points where the tuning time begins and when the
tuning time ends, i.e., the signal stays above the threshold.
The optical power levels are converted and measured at the output of the summation box in the
electrical domain.
Note that the same test procedure can be applied even when the transmitter module is integrated in a
system and the channel change command is issued via higher layers, e.g., common layer interface
(CLI) or element management system (EMS). However it must be understood that other effects may
influence the measurement in this case, for example, the transmitter may be switched off before
tuning initiates and switched on again when tuning finishes. Hence the test procedure can be
applied, e.g., to compare the tuning time of different ONUs, excluding command transmission and
processing delays, but the tuning time of the optical module itself is measured when the optical
98 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

module is not part of a system and the channel change is commanded via the specific signal
required by the optical module.
The reference test demultiplexer is Gaussian in shape and have a relative loss of 0.5 dB at 8 GHz
from the minimum loss point.
VIII.4 TWDM PON upstream channel grid examples

Two upstream channel grid examples are provided: an on-grid example an off-grid example. The
off-grid example supports a single bi-directional AWG at the wavelength mux, a potentially
desirable feature.
Table VIII.5 shows examples of the TWDM PON on-grid upstream channel assignments which
contain eight channels with 50 GHz, 100 GHz and 200 GHz channel spacing. The examples are
sub-wavelength bands from the ITU-T grid, which is described in clause 6 of [ITU-T G.694.1].
Table VIII.5 – TWDM PON upstream channel on-grid example

50 GHz CS 100 GHz CS 200 GHz CS
Frequency Wavelength Frequency Wavelength Frequency Wavelength
Channel
(THz) (nm) (THz) (nm) (THz) (nm)
1 195.25 1535.43 195.6 1532.68 196.1 1528.77
2 195.20 1535.82 195.5 1533.47 195.9 1530.33
3 195.15 1536.22 195.4 1534.25 195.7 1531.90
4 195.10 1536.61 195.3 1535.04 195.5 1533.47
5 195.05 1537.00 195.2 1535.82 195.3 1535.04
6 195.00 1537.40 195.1 1536.61 195.1 1536.61
7 194.95 1537.79 195.0 1537.40 194.9 1538.19
8 194.90 1538.19 194.9 1538.19 194.7 1538.77
Table VIII.6 shows examples of the TWDM PON off-grid upstream channel assignments which
contain 8 channels with 50 GHz, 100 GHz and 200 GHz channel spacing. The examples are off grid
of the sub-wavelength bands from the ITU-T grid. Note that the frequencies are exact,
wavelengths are approximate.
Table VIII.6 – TWDM PON upstream channel off-grid example

51.2 GHz CS 104.2 GHz CS 208.4 GHz CS
Frequency Wavelength Frequency Wavelength Frequency Wavelength
Channel
(THz) (nm) (THz) (nm) (THz) (nm)
1 195.226 1535.619 195.591 1532.756 196.112 1528.684
2 195.174 1536.029 195.486 1533.573 195.903 1530.310
3 195.122 1536.439 195.382 1534.391 195.695 1531.940
4 195.069 1536.849 195.278 1535.210 195.486 1533.574
5 195.017 1537.260 195.174 1536.030 195.278 1535.211
6 194.965 1537.671 195.069 1536.851 195.069 1536.852
7 194.913 1538.082 194.965 1537.672 194.861 1538.496
8 194.861 1538.494 194.861 1538.495 194.652 1540.143
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 99

VIII.5 Detail of OOC near the channel band edge
In NG-PON2, the ONU transmitter is subject to the out of channel (OOC) requirement. Namely,
there are two levels of OOC: OOC1 is determined by the incoherent crosstalk that will occur when
the interfering light is outside the victim channel bandwidth, and OOC2 is determined by the
coherent crosstalk that will occur when the interfering light is within the victim channel bandwidth.
This is shown in Figure 9-1, which is reproduced below as Figure VIII.11.
Figure VIII.11 – OOC-PSD mask definition
One will note that the edges between the OOC1 and OOC2 are perfectly sharp. The transition from
coherent to incoherent crosstalk would be sharp only with a perfectly monochromatic signal;
however, our signals are modulated which leads to their spectrum being broadened. This will have
the effect of softening the edges between the two cases.
The signal that is being interfered with is a NRZ waveform intensity modulated on an optical
carrier. The NRZ waveform classically is a sinc(f) function. However, to make the calculation
simpler, we can model the spectrum as a rect(f) function that is 15 GHz wide (for a 7.5 GHz
electrical bandwidth). Assuming a close to perfect extinction ratio, half the power goes into
modulation, and the other half is the optical carrier, which is represented by a delta(f) function. This
can be written:
PSD(f) = 1/2 (f–f0) + 1/2 1/15 GHz rect((f–f0)/15 GHz).
The worst case carrier placement is when the f0 is 7.5 GHz (or more) from the band edge. Then, the
allowed interference power at any frequency can be calculated by integrating over every part of the
PSD that is within 7.5 GHz of the interference frequency. Also keep in mind that the incoherent
crosstalk is always present also, and so much be added (linearly) to the result.
The figure below gives a representative calculation of the allowable out of channel PSD as a
function of frequency difference from the band edge. In this case, we are looking at a left edge of a
channel. This assumes that the OOC1 is –40.4 dBm and the OOC2 is –41.6 dBm. The OOC
requirement starts at the OOC1 value, and starting at 7.5 GHz from outside the band edge, the OOC
declines linearly to one quarter of the difference between the levels. Then there is a step down to
three quarters of the difference – this is due to the optical carrier coming into range. Then the
crosstalk continues its decline until it reaches the OOC2 value at 7.5 GHz inside the band. One can
see that just inside the band, the allowed power is about 0.3 dB higher (easier) than the OOC2 level.
However, just outside the band, the crosstalk is about 0.3 dB lower (harder) than the OOC1 level.
This means that the OOC1 must be tightened by that amount.
100 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Figure VIII.12 – The modulation effect on OOC band edges
As a practical matter, the difference between the two OOC values is not as high as first calculated.
Therefore, the impact of this interpolation between the two values is not big, and most likely could
be ignored to first order in any testing.
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 101

Appendix IX
Alternative line code for Raman mitigation

This appendix provides examples of NG-PON2 Raman mitigation coding schemes when using RF
video overlay. Two example schemes are provided, an 8B10B scheme and a Miller code scheme,
both defined in this appendix. These codes will have to be compatible with the optical devices
conforming to the NRZ based values shown in Table 11-4 and Table 11-5.
As described in their respective sections, each scheme uses a different approach to effect the
mitigation. The advantage of 8B10B code is that it adds functionality into the media access control
(MAC) layer, that is able to be turned on or off per the application. The advantage of Miller code is
that it is contained inside the optical modules, thereby providing a standard NRZ based signal to the
MAC. Each code provides different mitigation levels and potentially optical budget performance, so
selection of either code can be application dependent.
IX.1 8B10B scheme

For Raman mitigation, the 8B10B sublayer is introduced between the downstream NG-PON2
physical interface (PHY) adaption interface and the optical interfaces.
8B10B is a DC balanced encoding scheme introduced by Widmer-Franaszek in 1984. The
transmission codes are further specified in [b-IEEE 802.3], clause 36.2.4 and are identical to ANSI
[b-ANSI 230-1994] (FC-PH), clause 11. The NG-PON2 8B10B sublayer uses all the code-groups
of Table 36-1 of [b-IEEE 802.3] and uses only the K28.5 code-group specified in Table 36-2 of
[b-IEEE 802.3].
The 8B10B sublayer is independent of all other NG-PON2 MAC functions.
IX.1.1 Power spectral density of 8B10B code
Figure IX.1 presents simulated results of the PSD of traditional NRZ at 10 Gbit/s and the ANSI
8B10B code at 12.5 Gbit/s.
Figure IX.1 – Power spectral density of NRZ and 8B10B codes
102 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

IX.1.2 Encode and decode operations
IX.1.2.1 OLT encode
For the OLT, the 8B10B sublayer is responsible for encoding and performs the following encoding
operations
For the first octet of the downstream physical synchronization block (PSBd) physical
synchronization sequence (PSync) field (0xC5) the special code-group K28.5 is chosen from
Table 36-2 of [b-IEEE 802.3]. Once the code-group is selected, the current value of the transmitter's
running disparity is used to select the code-group from its corresponding column. For each code-
group transmitted, a new value of the running disparity is calculated. This new value is used as the
transmitter's current running disparity for the next octet to be encoded and transmitted.
With the exception of the first octet of the PSBd PSync field (0xC5), valid code-groups are selected
using the NG-PON2 PMD octets as indexes into Table 36-1 of [b-IEEE 802.3]. Once the code-
group is selected, the current value of the transmitter's running disparity is used to select the code-
group from its corresponding column. For each code-group transmitted, a new value of the running
disparity is calculated. This new value is used as the transmitter's current running disparity for the
next octet to be encoded and transmitted.
IX.1.2.2 ONU decode
For the ONU, the 8B10B sublayer is responsible for decoding and performs the following
operations
Syncs to the K28.5 character code-group: Synchronization is performed using the receiver state
description of [b-ANSI 230-1994] (FC-PH), clause 12.1.
Replace the octet associated with the K28.5 croup with the original PSync PSBd value of 0xC5,
Replace the octet associated with received the data code-group with the associated octet.
IX.1.2.3 Running disparity rules
After powering on or exiting a test mode, the transmitter assumes the negative value for its initial
running disparity. Upon transmission of any code-group, the transmitter calculates a new value for
its running disparity based on the contents of the transmitted code-group.
After powering on or exiting a test mode, the receiver assumes either the positive or negative value
for its initial running disparity. Upon the reception of any code-group, the receiver determines
whether the code-group is valid or invalid and calculates a new value for its running disparity based
on the contents of the received code-group.
The following rules for running disparity are used to calculate the new running disparity value for
code-groups that have been transmitted (transmitter's running disparity) and that have been received
(receiver's running disparity).
Running disparity for a code-group is calculated on the basis of sub-blocks, where the first six bits
(abcdei) form one sub-block (six-bit sub-block) and the second four bits (fghj) form the other
sub-block (four-bit sub- block). Running disparity at the beginning of the six-bit sub-block is the
running disparity at the end of the last code-group. Running disparity at the beginning of the four-
bit sub-block is the running disparity at the end of the six-bit sub-block. Running disparity at the
end of the code-group is the running disparity at the end of the four-bit sub-block.
Running disparity for the sub-blocks is calculated as follows:
• Running disparity at the end of any sub-block is positive if the sub-block contains more
ones than zeros. It is also positive at the end of the six-bit sub-block if the six-bit sub-block
is 000111, and it is positive at the end of the four-bit sub-block if the four-bit sub-block is
0011.
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 103

• Running disparity at the end of any sub-block is negative if the sub-block contains more
zeros than ones. It is also negative at the end of the six-bit sub-block if the six-bit sub-block
is 111000, and it is negative at the end of the four-bit sub-block if the four-bit sub-block
is 1100.
Otherwise, running disparity at the end of the sub-block is the same as at the beginning of the
sub-block.
NOTE – All sub-blocks with equal numbers of zeros and ones are disparity neutral. In order to limit the run
length of 0's or 1's between sub-blocks, the 8B/10B transmission code rules specify that sub-blocks encoded
as 000111 or 0011 are generated only when the running disparity at the beginning of the sub-block is
positive; thus, running disparity at the end of these sub-blocks is also positive. Likewise, sub-blocks
containing 111000 or 1100 are generated only when the running disparity at the beginning of the sub-block is
negative; thus, running disparity at the end of these sub-blocks is also negative.
IX.1.2.4 Checking the validity of received code-groups
The following rules are used to determine the validity of received code-groups:
The column in Tables 36-1 and 36-2 of [b-IEEE 802.3] corresponding to the current value of the
receiver's running disparity is searched for the received code-group.
If the received code-group is found in the proper column, according to the current running disparity,
then the code-group is considered valid and, for data code-groups, the associated data octet
determined (decoded).
If the received code-group is not found in that column, then the code-group is considered invalid.
Independent of the code-group's validity, the received code-group is used to calculate a new value
of running disparity. The new value is used as the receiver's current running disparity for the next
received code-group.
Detection of an invalid code-group does not necessarily indicate that the code-group in which the
invalid code-group was detected is in error. Invalid code-groups may result from a prior error which
altered the running disparity of the PHY bit stream but which did not result in a detectable error at
the code-group in which the error occurred.
The number of invalid code-groups detected is proportional to the BER of the link. Optical link
error monitoring may be performed by counting invalid code-groups.
IX.1.3 Eye mask and PMD
The eye mask of the OLT transmitter when encoded with the 8B10B code is the same as shown in
Figure 11-3. However, there are potential direct impacts to the PMD parameters of ER and receiver
sensitivity when using 8B10B at 12.5 Gbit/s with 10 Gbit/s compliant transceiver components. In
addition to direct impacts of the reduction in ER, there are indirect impacts on other parameters that
are ER dependent, e.g., in-band crosstalk penalty.
The impact on effective ONU receiver sensitivity is not specified, but must be accounted for in
equipment applying the 8B10B technique. As allowed by Note 3 in the downstream PMD
Tables 11-4 and 11-5, this impact can be compensated for with an appropriate increase in minimum
mean channel launch power of the OLT transmitter.
IX.2 Miller and Miller squared scheme

Miller code (also called delay modulation, or modified frequency modulation) is a run length
limited code where at least two and at most four consecutive like symbols may occur in the
transmitted sequence. More specifically, in Miller code, a bit 1 is represented by a transition at the
middle of the bit period and there is no transition for bit 0 unless it is followed by another bit 0, in
which case there is a transition at the end of the first bit 0. Based on Miller code, Miller squared
code (also called Miller-Miller code, or M2 code) was developed to provide DC balance. Miller
104 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

squared code adopts all the Miller code rules and adds one addition rule that when an even number
of bit 0's occurs between bit 0's, the transition for the last bit 1 is suppressed. Encoding and
decoding of Miller and Miller squared codes can be easily implemented with synchronous logic
circuit. Figure IX.2 shows an example of coding binary data into Miller code. These codes (Miller
and Miller squared) provide good timing content and reduced bandwidth compared to NRZ code. In
addition, the PSD at low frequencies is relatively low with the potential for Raman crosstalk
mitigation.
Figure IX.2 – Miller code

IX.2.1 Modified definitions for Miller code
IX.2.1.1 Minimum extinction ratio
With respect to a Miller code signal generated by an optical transmitter, the ER is defined as the
average optical power level at the centre of the high level (A) to the average optical power level at
the centre of the low level (B):
ER = 10 log10 (A/B)
Note that the high and low levels in Miller code are simply the corresponding optical signal levels,
and the Miller code specifies how to map the optical signal into its data signal.
IX.2.1.2 Launch optical power without input to the transmitter
In the upstream direction, the ONU transmitter ideally launches no power into the fibre in all bursts
which are not assigned to that ONU. However, an optical power level less than or equal to the
WNE-PSD is allowed during bursts which are not assigned to that ONU. During the transmitter
Enable bit period immediately preceding the assigned burst, which may be used for laser pre-bias,
and during the bit period immediately following the disable of the TxEnable signal, the maximum
launch power level allowed is the low level.
Figure IX.3 – Test set-up for mask of the eye diagram for ONU transmitter
IX.2.2 Power spectral density of Miller code
Miller coding scheme can be modelled as a Markov source with four states with equal stationary
state probability. Based on the state transition matrix and the autocorrelation for the Miller code, its
PSD can be found as:
2
S () 
 T [17  8 cos 4T ]
2
 [23  2 cos T 2  22 cos T  12 cos 3T 2  5 cos 2T

 12 cos 5T 2  2 cos 3T  8 cos 7T 2  2 cos 4T ],
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 105

where  is the angular frequency and T is the bit period. Figure IX.4 shows the PSDs of the NRZ
and Miller line codes. Compared to NRZ modulation, Miller code has a narrower bandwidth and
reduced energy content at low frequencies. These are the desired properties for TWDM PONs. With
reduced energy at low frequencies, Miller code can mitigate the Raman crosstalk of the TWDM
PON signals onto the RF video overlay. With narrower bandwidth, Miller code can also reduce the
fibre dispersion penalty. Hence, a DML, instead of an EML (electro-absorption modulated laser),
can be used at 9.95328 Gbit/s for TWDM PON downstream transmission in the L-band or upstream
transmission in the C band.
Figure IX.4 – Power spectral density of NRZ and Miller codes

IX.2.3 Encode and decode operations
Even though encoding and decoding of Miller and Miller squared codes can be easily implemented
with synchronous logic circuit, there exists a potential time/phase ambiguity in the reception and
decoding of Miller coded waveform. For example, as shown in Figure IX.2, with a clock phase shift
of 180 degree, consecutive 1 bits will be decoded as consecutive 0 bits, or vice versa. The only
unambiguous pattern is the 101 bit combination. Under the wrong phase shift of 180 degree, the
waveform appears to be two consecutive 0 bits without a transition between them. This is a code
violation, and it can be used to correct 180-degree phase alignment error.
Alternatively, phase alignment error can be detected by counting the number of transition edges or
using parity check. According to the coding rule, there is always a transition in the middle of 1 bit,
while at the bit boundaries, transition only happens between two consecutive 0 bits. Hence, for
random data, the transition density in the middle of the bits is twice the transition density at the bit
boundaries. In addition to looking for transition density, the parity between 0 and 1 can also be used
for phase alignment. As a transition in the middle of the bit period is decoded as 1 bit, while no
transition in the middle of the bit period is decoded as 0 bit. If the alignment is out of phase by
180 degree, the transition density in the middle of the bit period, for random data, is reduced to a
half of that with correct phase alignment. In other words, the number of decoded 1 bits will be half
of the decoded 0 bits.
In addition to look at bit pattern and transition density, fixed data pattern in the PON protocol, such
as the PSync in the downstream and the preamble in upstream, can be used for phase alignment. For
example, the downstream PSync pattern is 0xC5E5 1840 FD59 BB49 in XG-PON1. With
180-degree phase alignment error at the receiver, the 101 patterns in the PSync appear to be coding
violations, and the decoded PSync field becomes a wrong pattern. With 180 degree phase alignment
106 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

error at the receiver for upstream, code violations appear for the commonly used 1010… pattern. To
maximize the number of transitions in Miller code waveform, 0000 or 1111 preamble in upstream is
preferred. In this case, the OLT receiver with 180 degree phase alignment error will decode the
0000 preamble as 1111, and the 1111 preamble as 0000.
Figure IX.5 – Optical transceiver for NRZ and Miller codes
Since the Miller code is a binary code and its bandwidth is narrower than the NRZ code,
conventional transmitter and receiver front end circuits commonly used in NRZ transceivers can be
reused for Miller code. Therefore, it is possible to design a transceiver that can transmit and receive
both NRZ and Miller coded signals, as shown in Figure IX.5. The transceiver will use the same
analogue front end (i.e., laser driver at the transmitter side, transimpedance amplifier and limiting
amplifier at the receiver side) for both NRZ and delay modulation signals. At the transmitter side, a
line code select signal will switch the Miller encoder in and out of the signal path. The line code
select signal comes from the line card to set the line code to be used in the system. At the receiver
side, a line code detection signal will switch the received signal either to the clock and data
recovery (CDR) circuit for NRZ code or decoder for Miller code. The line code detection circuit
can be implemented in a number of approaches with the same logic function. It is up to the
implementer to choose it.
The line code detection circuit could have two filters; one lowpass filter passes frequencies from
DC to 0.2/T, and the other bandpass filter passes frequencies from 0.4/T to 0.6/T, where T is the bit
period. A comparator will compare the power measured after these two filters. If the power after the
bandpass filter is much larger than the power after the lowpass filter, Miller code is selected.
The line code detection circuit will count the maximum number of identical and consecutive
symbols. If the maximum number of identical and consecutive symbols is significantly larger than
four, the line code is determined to be NRZ.
The line code detection circuit will look at the duration between two transitions. If there exists a
large number of occurrences that the duration between two transitions is one and a half bit period,
the line code is determined to be Miller code.
The transceiver will decode the received signal as NRZ and Miller code, and then the line code
detection circuit will select the correct line code based on which code leads to correct data in the
protocol specific pattern (e.g., PSync in the downstream or the preamble in the upstream).
The transceiver will decode the received signal as NRZ and Miller code, and then send both
decoded data to FEC (feedforward correction). The line code selection circuit will select the line
code that produces the least number of error bits from FEC. This approach requires FEC block
before the line code can be selection. However, implementing a FEC circuit inside optical
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 107

transceiver is not a common practice, so this approach is less suitable for dual line code
transceivers.
Using such a transceiver with NRZ and Miller line codes, the interface between the transceiver and
TWDM PON MAC remains the conventional NRZ code. Hence, MAC layer can remain untouched
regardless of the line code used in the system, but TWDM PON system becomes adaptive to the
deployment scenarios. If the TWDM PON system coexists with RF video overlay service, Miller
code can be used to mitigate the Raman crosstalk. If there is no RF video overlay service, either
NRZ or Miller code can be used.
With Miller code, any violation in the received line code could indicate an error bit. As the
locations of the error bits are known based on line code violation, this information can be used for
error detection or correction. For example, it can improve the performance of FEC. In this case, the
transceiver can be designed to detect code violation and report the error bits to the FEC.
IX.2.4 Eye mask
Figure IX.6 presents the eye mask of the OLT transmitter when encoded with the Miller code. The
values are X = 0.15, Y = 0.25.
Figure IX.6 – Miller encoded eye mask
IX.3 Raman mitigation suppression levels

Table IX.1 provides an example of required Raman mitigation for class N2 and the specified
number of wavelengths. The numbers are based on a typical operator RF video overlay scheme,
with the following assumptions:
– a polarization overlap factor of 0.6;
– 256-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) RF video.
108 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Table IX.1 – Required mitigation
Required mitigation
Class Budget 4 Wavelength 8 Wavelength
N2 31 dB 6 dB FFS
NOTE – Required mitigation is to allow 1 dB penalty in overall CNR due to Raman cross talk
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 109

Appendix X
Upstream PMD examples for TWDM PON

This appendix provides examples of the single-rate PMD sublayer and the single data path dual-rate
coexistence PMD sublayer of NG-PON2. Note that dual rate is not explicitly mentioned in the
requirements of [ITU-T G.989.1] and are shown below as examples only.
The topology for single-rate PMD sublayer is shown in Figure X.1. Optical signals transmitted to
PMD sublayer are received by the single rate receiver, then transmitted through a single rate
transimpedance amplifier (TIA) to a single rate limiting amplifier. The output of the limiting
amplifier is then sent on to the PMA interface.
Figure X.1 – Example of single-rate PMD data path
There are two types of topologies for the reference design of dual-rate transceivers in the OLT
upstream direction. As shown in Figure X.2, from a topological point of view, optical signals
transmitted to the PMD layer are received by a dual rate receiver, then transmitted through a dual
rate TIA. For the signals which are the output of the dual rate TIA, there exist two different
processing methods as described below:
110 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Figure X.2 – Example of dual-rate coexistence PMD implementation with single data path
One processing method is shown in Figure X.2-a. The output signal from the TIA is transmitted to
the 10G LA and 2.5G LA separately, then through two different limiting amplifiers. The outputs of
the limiting amplifiers are transmitted to a high speed MUX which selects the 2.5G LA or the 10G
LA input signal by means of the RATE_SELECT signal. An additional time parameter, Multiplexer
switch time T(sm), is introduced here – it is the switching time from one input channel to the other.
This switching process could cause an additional overhead to the data transmission. However, with
an appropriate design of dynamic bandwidth assignment (DBA) grant, it would have only a slight
impact on the upstream bandwidth.
The RATE_SELECT signal could be generated by the TWDM TC sublayer. In the upstream
direction, the dual-rate OLT CT supports the coexistence of 10G ONU and 2.5G ONUs via TDMA.
OLT CT arbitrates 10G ONU and 2.5G ONU data according to the DBA grant window. It can be
known which time slice is allocated to the 2.5G or the 10G stream by the calculation of DBA on the
TWDM TC sublayer. As a result, the switching process of the MUX can start at the laser off time in
the guard time of the DBA grant window.
Another processing method is shown in Figure X.2-b. The dual rate LA device is used for
generating the output signal. The dual rate LA adapts the dual path amplification for the input
signals at the different frequencies as follows:
The dual-rate LA features a low data rate path and a high data rate path, allowing for overall
transmission optimization. Data path selection is controlled by the RATE_SELECT signal. The
processing of the RATE_SELECT signal is the same as for the design in the first example. The low
data rate path further features a low pass filter that provides optimization for high frequency noise
suppression, which could increase the optical signal receive sensitivity for the 10G stream.
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 111

Appendix XI
Optical parameter specification for the S/R-CP reference point

The primary method of optical parameter specification is in reference to the S/R point for channel
group (S/R-CG reference point of the Figure 6-1 for the individual wavelength channels). This
method is used in the PMD tables appearing in the Clause 11 of this Recommendation. An
alternative informative optical parameter specification method is in reference to the S/R point for
channel pair (S/R-CP reference point of the Figure 6-1). The alternative method is applicable in the
situations when the primary reference point, S/R-CG, is not practical or not accessible for
performing measurements or it is desirable to provide a simple sensitivity specification to an OLT
transceiver vendor. The alternative method is given in this appendix.
This appendix provides informative optical parameter specification of the OLT and ONU in
reference to the S/R-CP point of the NG-PON2 reference logical architecture (see Figure 6-1) for
the symmetric nominal line rate option (9.95328/9.95328 Gb/s in downstrea/upstream), Type A
optical link and N1/N2 ODN classes. For the N2 ODN class, an optical split ratio of 1:64 or higher
is assumed. The optical parameter specifications in reference to the S/R-CP point for the other
nominal line rate options, Type B optical link and/or other ODN classes remain for further study.
The recommended values of optical power parameters consistent with the primary specifications of
clause 11 and based on the industry best practices with respect to the WM loss and penalty
parameters (see Table XI.1) are given in Table XI.2
Table XI.1 – WM loss and penalty parameters based on the industry best practices
Parameter Notation Unit Value
ODN Class N1 N2
Minimum insertion loss WMmin dB 1.2 1.2
Maximum insertion loss WMmax dB 2.2 2.2
IBXT penalty IBXT dB 0.5 0.3
WM inter-channel cross-talk ICXT dB 0.5 0.1

penalty
Downstream WM penalty DS dB 0.0 0.0
Let Pmin, Pmax, S and L denote, respectively, the mean launch optical power minimum, the mean
launch optical power maximum, sensitivity and overload at a respective point identified by the
subscript. The optical parameters referenced to the S/R-CP point can be established using the
following equations (assuming logarithmic units):
Pmin-CP = Pmin-CG + WMmax + DS;
Pmax-CP = Pmax-CG + WMmin ;
S CP = S CG – WMmax – IBXT + ICXT;
L CP = L CG – WMmin.
112 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

The parameters listed in Table XI.2 modify the respective optical power parameter rows in Table
11-5 and Table 11-7. The rest of the parameters of those tables remain applicable.
Table XI.2 – Optical power parameters at the S/R-CP reference point

Source Item Notation Unit Value
ODN class N1 N2
Mean channel launch power minimum Pmin-CP dBm +5.2 +7.2
(at S/R-CP)
Table
11-5
Mean channel launch power maximum Pmax-CP dBm +8.2 +10.2

(at S/R-CP)
Sensitivity (at S/R-CP), based on DD20, four S CP dBm –29.2 –30.6
wavelength), Type A link (Note 1)
Table
11-7
Overload (at S/R-CP), Type A link L CP dBm –6.2 –8.2
NOTE 1 – The sensitivity values specified at the S/R-CG point (e.g., Table 11-7) are to be measured with all
4 channels operating to produce crosstalk, but with no fiber. The sensitivity values specified here at the
S/R-CP point are to be measured with no other channels operating and with no fiber.
Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 113

Bibliography
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synchronization networks.
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114 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

SERIES OF ITU-T RECOMMENDATIONS
Series A Organization of the work of ITU-T
Series D Tariff and accounting principles and international telecommunication/ICT economic and
policy issues
Series E Overall network operation, telephone service, service operation and human factors
Series F Non-telephone telecommunication services
Series G Transmission systems and media, digital systems and networks

Series H Audiovisual and multimedia systems
Series I Integrated services digital network
Series J Cable networks and transmission of television, sound programme and other multimedia
signals
Series K Protection against interference

Series L Environment and ICTs, climate change, e-waste, energy efficiency; construction, installation
and protection of cables and other elements of outside plant
Series M Telecommunication management, including TMN and network maintenance
Series N Maintenance: international sound programme and television transmission circuits
Series O Specifications of measuring equipment
Series P Telephone transmission quality, telephone installations, local line networks
Series Q Switching and signalling, and associated measurements and tests

Series R Telegraph transmission
Series S Telegraph services terminal equipment
Series T Terminals for telematic services

Series U Telegraph switching
Series V Data communication over the telephone network

Series X Data networks, open system communications and security
Series Y Global information infrastructure, Internet protocol aspects, next-generation networks,
Internet of Things and smart cities
Series Z Languages and general software aspects for telecommunication systems
Printed in Switzerland
Geneva, 2019

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I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n

SERIES G: TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS AND MEDIA,

40-Gigabit-capable passive optical networks 2

Recommendation ITU-T G.989.2

INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE CONNECTIONS AND CIRCUITS G.100–G.199

For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations.

40-Gigabit-capable passive optical networks 2 (NG-PON2): Physical media

Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) i

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

ii Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) iii

iv Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

40-Gigabit-capable passive optical networks 2 (NG-PON2): Physical media

Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 1

2 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

4 Abbreviations and acronyms

6 Architecture of the optical access network

Figure 6-1 – NG-PON2 reference logical architecture

Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 3

6.1 Physical grouping of logical functions

6.2 ODN optical path loss (OPL) classes

Table 6-1 – ODN optical path loss classes (ODN classes)

4 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Table 6-2 – ODN fibre distance classes

8 User network interface and service node interface

9 Common optical network requirements

9.1 Layered structure of optical network

9.2 Wavelength plans for NG-PON2

Table 9-1 – NG-PON2 wavelength bands

Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 5

9.3 Physical media dependent layer requirements

6 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 7

8 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

9.3.8 Minimum side mode suppression ratio

Figure 9-1 – OOC-PSD mask definition

10 Crosstalk-to-signal ratio tolerance for NG-PON2

Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 9

10.1 Wideband X/S tolerance mask definition

Figure 10-1 – X/S tolerance mask for TWDM PON ONU

10 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

10.2 Narrowband TWDM PON X/S tolerance mask

Figure 10-2 – X/S tolerance mask for TWDM PON

Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 11

12 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

10.2.2 Narrowband OLT X/S tolerance mask

Table 10-2 – TWDM PON upstream (OLT receive) X/S parameters

Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 13

11 TWDM PON PMD layer requirements

11.1 PMD layer requirements

Table 11-1 – Relation between TWDM PON line rate options

11.1.1.1 Downstream clock accuracy

14 Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019)

Table 11-2 – TWDM channel downstream frequency plan

11.1.4 PMD parameters

Rec. ITU-T G.989.2 (02/2019) 15

11.1.4.2 Optical interface parameters of downstream direction

Table 11-4 – Optical interface parameters of 2.48832 Gbit/s downstream direction