BRIEF 008 • OCTOBER 2019 SCIENCE DIVISION

Sustainable Closing data gaps is essential to achieving the

Development environmental dimension of the Agenda 2030 for
Goals Policy Brief
Sustainable Development

About
The Sustainable Development Goals Policy Briefs
highlight a hotspot of environmental change. Harnessing the ongoing data
The evidence provided builds on the scientific data and knowledge revolution and
and information hosted on Environment Live ensuring the authenticity and
and is complemented by stories from the regions. validity of those data to support
sustainable development,
A significant lack of data has corresponded to a lack combined with international
of investment toward achieving the environmental cooperation, could transform
dimension of the SDGs. Currently, 68% of the capacities to address challenges
environment-related SDGs do not have sufficient data and accelerate progress towards
at the global level to assess progress. If current trends sustainable development.
continue, the world is on track to meet only 17% of the
environment-related SDGs. Science
and Data
UNEP has identified 93 environment related SDG for People
Indicators. Of these 93, UNEP is the custodian agency
for 26 SDG Indicators. 16 Sustainable Development Goals “Data is the lifeblood of planning. Only with accurate, timely,
Of the 93 environment-related SDGs indicators, 38% are Tier I (A are related to the environment and representative, inclusive and disaggregated data can we
methodology exists and data is available for more than half of directly contribute to monitoring the comprehensively assess the challenges we face, measure progress
countries), 37% Tier II (A methodology exists, but data are available for environmental dimension of the SDGs: we make and identify the most appropriate solutions.”
less than half of countries) and 25% Tier III (No methodology exists). Amina J. Mohammed, Deputy Secretary-General of the United
The 93 SDG Indicators related to the environment are: Nations.
Positive Little change Negative Some data is available No data
1.4.2 1.5.1 1.5.2 1.5.3 1.5.4 2.4.1 2.5.1 2.5.2 3.9.1 “We will promote the use of data analysis models to develop
3.9.2
6.5.1
3.9.3 4.7.1 5.a.1 6.1.1 6.3.1 6.3.2
6.5.2 6.6.1 6.a.1 6.b.1 7.1.2 7.2.1
6.4.1 6.4.2
7.3.1 7.a.1
environment foresights, support evidence-based decision making
7.b.1 8.4.1 8.4.2 8.9.2 9.4.1 11.2.1 11.3.1 11.3.2 11.4.1 and improve national and local preparedness and responses to
11.5.1 11.5.2 11.6.1 11.6.2 11.7.1 11.b.1 11.b.2 11.c.1 12.1.1
12.2.1 12.2.2 12.3.1 12.4.1 12.4.2 12.5.1 12.6.1 12.7.1 12.8.1 mitigate environmental degradation and risks from disasters and
12.a.1 12.b.1 12.c.1 13.1.1 13.1.2 13.1.3 13.2.1 13.3.1 13.3.2
13.a.1 13.b.1 14.1.1 14.2.1 14.3.1 14.4.1 14.5.1 14.6.1 14.7.1 conflicts in line with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development“
14.a.1 14.c.1 15.1.1 15.1.2 15.2.1 15.3.1 15.4.1 15.4.2 15.5.1
15.6.1 15.7.1 15.8.1 15.9.1 15.a.1 15.b.1 15.c.1 16.8.1 17.6.1
Ministerial Declaration of the 2019 United Nations Environment
17.7.1 17.9.1 17.14.1 Assembly
More information on data availability is available in the Measuring Progress: Towards Achieving
the Environmental Dimension of the SDGs

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Sustainable Development Goals | Policy Brief SCIENCE DIVISION

Facts and figures Partnerships and Action

Percentage of Percentage of
Environment- Environment- There is about 32%
related SDG
Indicators (2016)
related SDG
Indicators (2019)
Only
tier I and II have country-level data availability Towards solutions . . .
existing methodologies by indicator type for the 93
for data collection. As of May environment-related indicators:
Many countries
currently do not have Over Stakeholders involved in The UN Science-Policy
Business Forum working group on “Data,
26% 25% 2019, 25% of the environment- • 59% data availability on the state of
50% 38% related SDG indicators were Tier III the environment (11 indicators),
national systems in place for
monitoring environmental 100 Analytics and AI”
24% compared to 7% of the other • 45% on environmental pressures SCIENCE
37% indicators and thus there is a risk POLICY
indicators. More progress has been and drivers, including SCP that much of the environmental BUSINESS
made in the economic and social (18 indicators), dimension of development
FORUM
pillars of the SDGs as opposed • 46% on interactions between cannot be captured by using
to the environmental World Environment Situation Room is working to
people and the environment reporting mechanisms which
All other All other dimension of build up SDGs data and uses innovative
(14 indicators), and only include national
SDG indicators SDG indicators approaches for the availability and access of data
the SDGs. • 32% data availability on the national official statistics WORLD ENVIRONMENT
(2016) (2019) SITUATION ROOM and information.
environmental policy mechanisms
(50 indicators).
7%
Although 75% of
Over 7 Digital technologies from a variety of public and
private sector actors currently building and testing
28% environment related the Digital Ecosystem For the Planet, which
53% 42% 51% SDG Indicators are Tier I integrates data, infrastructure, algorithms and
19% and II, only 32% have insights to achieve different sustainability
enough data to track the outcomes
progress towards
Tier I Tier II Tier III achieving the Agenda
2030
44 Members to the UN Global Working Group on Big
Data for Official Statistics.

Big Positive 700+ Members of the One Planet network systemati-

cally collect and share data on the progress
data is one of
the world’s Future Data Needs Little Change towards sustainable consumption and production,
Negative SDG 12, identifying best practices and solutions
emerging valuable that can be replicated to achieve scale.
No Data
resources changing
environmental Citizen Partners to the Global Partnership for Sustainable
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
250
assessment Traditional Science is engaging Development Data from the Government, Civil
More inclusive Number of indicators
processes knowledge, which the public in collecting Society, Academia and Private Sector.
and open access to Building the
has been passed down and analysing bif data will assist in
from one generation to amounts of capacity of countries to
achieving equity, collect the underlying basic
another, complements environmental transparency and best
science-based data data and better utilizing existing
use of data for data – including from non-
knowledge sustainablility and traditional data sources such
development New as satellites, drones and citizen . . . for achieving the
data sources science – are at the crux of
Innovative
beyond national being able to monitor the
methods of data
As women statistical data sets have yet SDGs and develop
collection are required
and men in today’s to be fully exploited for the SDG integrated analyses or
to transform the
society often enjoy reporting process. In addition to indices Big Data for Development - Harnessing Big Data For
More provisioning of
different and unequal non-traditional data streams such Real-Time Awareness
environmental data environmental data
rights over the as Earth Observation and big
are needed, focused and statistics Mobilizing the Data Revolution for sustainable Development
environment, measuring data analytics, citizen science
mostly on the linkages
the gender-environment also has the potential to be Big Data for Development: Opportunities & Challenges
between environment,
nexes is a high used for SDG
society and Current State of priority monitoring.
A Guide to Data Innovation for Development - From idea to
economy proof-of-concept
Data and Knowledge

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Sustainable Development Goals | Policy Brief SCIENCE DIVISION

Initiatives on the ground

Using Green Economy to achieve the Monitoring SDGs Progress in West Asia and North Africa Statistical availability and capacity in the
2030 Agenda in Europe There has been significant evidence in West Asia and North Africa of regional support for
Asia-Pacific Region
the attainment of SDGs and the gathering of data in order to monitor their progress. Regional
While challenges remain in tracking the environmental dimension organizations have made significant progress in developing frameworks and tools that support The largest data gaps in the Asia-Pacific region in terms of statistical
of the SDGs, the pan-European region has many strengths and countries and enhance their capacities to achieve the environmental dimension of the SDGs. A availability and capacity exist in SDG 11 (Cities and Communities),
is driving forward the transition to a low carbon, green, and regional reporting platform called The Arab Working Group on Sustainable Development Indicators SDG 12 (Sustainable Consumption and Production), SDG 13 (Climate
resource efficient/circular economy, evidenced by the current has been established. It is chaired by the League of Arab States and is therefore representative of Action), SDG 14 (Oceans), and SDG 17 (Partnerships and Means of
trends in decoupling economic output from environmental all states in the West Asia and North Africa region. Through this initiative, a core set of 83 indicators Implementation) where majority of data are still not available or not
impacts. There is a strong policy framework being implemented aimed at monitoring the progress of the agreed regional strategic framework for sustainable sufficient to analyze changes over time. The two areas that require
in the EU and, notably, at the Eighth Environment for Europe development were agreed upon and adopted. However, many members of the initiative encountered most urgent and significant attention in the Asia-Pacific region are
Conference in Batumi in 2016, Ministers endorsed the Pan- difficulty in reporting on the agreed indicators. As a result, the number of indicators was reduced to disaster risk reduction and resource efficiency. Indicators in these two
European Green Economy Strategic Framework and launched 44. However a differentiation in capabilities between nations limits gathering statistical data. Lack areas are related to multiple SDGs and have showed setback during
the Batumi Initiative on Green Economy. In addition, UNECE, of data which is exuberated by unavailability of qualified researchers and environmental experts the past 15 years. Based on this strong commitment and actions
OECD, UN Environment, and UNIDO implemented the EU-funded to collect, collate, and analyze data and lack of processes for sharing data at the national level. by the Asia-Pacific countries, more targeted support is needed for
programme “Greening Economies in the Eastern Neighbourhood” The forward-looking focus for the West Asia and North Africa region should be to provide support, nations and indicators identified as being farthest behind, including
(EaP GREEN) in 2013-2017 to assist six countries of the particularly regarding capacity development of national bodies, wherever possible. the need to continue to support efforts towards building integrated
Caucasus and Eastern Europe in their transition to green Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers that include reporting on
economies. The Batumi Action for Cleaner Air is a regional energy and water consumption and pollutant releases from production
initiative supporting countries’ efforts in improving air quality and and consumption of products as a tool to efficiently address gaps in
protecting public health and ecosystems, promoted under the monitoring as well as facilitated, informed decision-making processes
UNECE Air Convention. by the government and other stakeholders.

North America commitment to achieving SDGs Implementation in Sub-Saharan Africa

the SDGs Countries are at different stages of SDGs implementation in Sub-
Saharan Africa. In particular environmental data relating to key natural
Canada and the U.S. were supporters of the adoption of the resources sectors like agriculture and fisheries is lacking that demon-
SDGs in 2015 and recognised the need to invest in sustainability. strates the links between the three dimensions of sustainable develop-
Although there has been progress towards achieving the ment is lacking. This makes it more challenging to persuade such sec-
environmental dimension of development, the withdrawal of tors to take sufficient action to improve sustainability. Support is vital to
the U.S. from the Paris Agreement and the rollbacks of many assess efforts underway and to speed up progress. There is a need for
environmental regulations and policies by the current U.S. Latin America and the Caribbean’s Escazú Agreement additional support for capacity development through national bodies
administration have caused uncertainty about the country’s in charge of statistics as this is the most relevant way of identifying,
progress towards environmental SDGs. In the case of Canada, The Latin America and the Caribbean region is advancing in the implementation of the 2030 assessing, measuring, and monitoring progress as well as making
British Columbia Council for International Cooperation estimates Agenda by establishing interinstitutional coordination mechanisms and aligning the National decisions to advance the SDGs. The UNDP-UNEP Poverty-Environment
that Canada is currently not on track to implement the 2030 Development Plans with the SDGs. During the last decades, committed and innovative social Action for the SDGs (PEA) has been working with UNEP-WCMC and
Agenda and noted some particular pitfalls in the environmental actors from civil society, communities, governments, and the private sector have successfully put the universities of Cambridge and Southampton to support countries,
dimension of development. Although, Canada and the U.S. have sustainable development initiatives into practice at different scales. These initiatives are related particularly statistics agencies, to integrate environment and natural
made progress on goals related to water (SDG 6), oceans (SDG to food insecurity, resilience to climate change, and access to water. However, data indicate that resources into multi-dimensional poverty measurement. This work will
14) and life on land (SDG 15), there remain challenges in terms although the rate of conversion of natural systems has begun to slow, the overall rate of loss help measure how ENR management is linked to poverty and further
of achieving these goals. North America is facing additional of ecosystems remains high. Signed by 16 Latin America and Caribbean nations, the Escazú how implementation of environment focused SDGs could contribute
challenges in terms of SCP (SDG 12), particularly with respect Agreement could be a crucial tool for climate and environmental protection in the years to come. to achievement of SDG 1 and the umbrella Agenda 2030 objective of
to addressing the high per capita material footprint; tackling There is a need to continue to support efforts towards its entering into force and implementation eradicating poverty. The work has demonstrated significant data gaps
inequality in terms of access and use of natural resources and at the national level, including the development and availability of environmental information at the country level relevant to measuring progress in implementation
addressing climate change (SDG 13). Achieving the SDGs in the (e.g. integrated Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers that include reporting on energy and of SDGs. On a more positive note, the work has developed practical
North American context will require deliberate and collaborative water consumption and pollutant releases from production and consumption of products), guidelines on how household survey based poverty data can be com-
effort (in the U.S. and Canada) to match the shared goals with ensuring mechanisms for public participation in decision making, and strengthening the access bined with ENR data from other sources (e.g. GIS) to measure and track
solutions that work at scale. to environmental justice. ENR linked multi-dimensional poverty.

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