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    Salt Analysis

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    tanish jain
    This document outlines the procedures and observations for analyzing salt samples to identify their cationic and anionic components. The analysis involves treating salt solutions with reagents to observe precipitate formations or gas emissions that can indicate the presence of specific ions. Key steps include testing with sodium hydroxide to detect ammonium ions, hydrochloric acid to identify lead ions, and hydrogen sulfide gas to reveal copper, arsenic, iron, nickel, cobalt, zinc, and manganese cations. Confirmatory tests are also described to verify the presence of ions like carbonate, sulfate, phosphate, chloride, bromide, and nitrate.

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    Salt Analysis

    Uploaded by

    tanish jain
    44 views3 pages
    This document outlines the procedures and observations for analyzing salt samples to identify their cationic and anionic components. The analysis involves treating salt solutions with reagents to observe precipitate formations or gas emissions that can indicate the presence of specific ions. Key steps include testing with sodium hydroxide to detect ammonium ions, hydrochloric acid to identify lead ions, and hydrogen sulfide gas to reveal copper, arsenic, iron, nickel, cobalt, zinc, and manganese cations. Confirmatory tests are also described to verify the presence of ions like carbonate, sulfate, phosphate, chloride, bromide, and nitrate.

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    This document outlines the procedures and observations for analyzing salt samples to identify their cationic and anionic components. The analysis involves treating salt solutions with reagents to observe precipitate formations or gas emissions that can indicate the presence of specific ions. Key steps include testing with sodium hydroxide to detect ammonium ions, hydrochloric acid to identify lead ions, and hydrogen sulfide gas to reveal copper, arsenic, iron, nickel, cobalt, zinc, and manganese cations. Confirmatory tests are also described to verify the presence of ions like carbonate, sulfate, phosphate, chloride, bromide, and nitrate.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    44 views3 pages

    Salt Analysis

    Uploaded by

    tanish jain
    This document outlines the procedures and observations for analyzing salt samples to identify their cationic and anionic components. The analysis involves treating salt solutions with reagents to observe precipitate formations or gas emissions that can indicate the presence of specific ions. Key steps include testing with sodium hydroxide to detect ammonium ions, hydrochloric acid to identify lead ions, and hydrogen sulfide gas to reveal copper, arsenic, iron, nickel, cobalt, zinc, and manganese cations. Confirmatory tests are also described to verify the presence of ions like carbonate, sulfate, phosphate, chloride, bromide, and nitrate.

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    of 3

    SALT ANALYSIS

    Basic radicals
    GROUP EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

    For Salt+NaOH(pellets) smell of NH3 NH4+ May be


    Zerogp present
    For 1 gp Salt solution(O.S) + Dil HCl White Ppt First gp.
    present
    For 2 gp Above sol. +pass H2S gas Black ppt.--may be Cu+2 Second gp.
    Yellow ppt.-- As+3 present
    confirmed
    For 3 gp Salt solution(O.S) +Dil.HCl White gelatinousPPT.— Third gp.
    +NH4Cl+NH4OH (+HNO3 Al+3 present
    FOR colored salt) Green ppt which turns
    red—Fe+3
    For 4 gp Above sol. +H2S gas Black ppt –Ni+2,Co+2 IV gp. present
    Dirty White—Zn+2
    Buff colored—Mn+2
    For 5 gp. Salt solution(O.S) +Dil.HCl White ppt— V gp. present
    +NH4Cl+NH4OH+(NH4)2CO3 Ba+2,Sr+2,Ca+2
    For 6 gp. White ppt.Mg+2 VI gp. present
    Above soln + amm.
    Hydrogen phosphate

    Confirmatory test:
    1). Gp. 0- salt + NaOH + Nessler’s reagent-brown ppt. (NH4+)

    2). Gp. 1- salt+ water+ potassium chromate/KI – yellow ppt. (Pb+2)

    3). Gp.2-a) salt+ water+ acetic acid + potassium ferrocyanide – chocolate brown ppt. (Cu+2)
    (when black ppt comes)

    4). Gp.3- a) salt+ water + blue litmus sol.-blue lake (Al+3), cobalt nitrate test- blue mass

    b). ppt+HNO3+potassium ferrocyanide - deep blue (Fe+3)

    5). Gp.4-a) ppt + HCl+ potassium ferrocyanide - bluish white ppt (Zn+2),

    cobalt nitrate test- green mass

    b).ppt + NaOH-white ppt on standing brown (Mn+2)

    c). ppt+ water+ NaOH-blue color, on adding HCl-original pink (Co+2)

    d). ppt + NH4OH+ DMG-pink color (Ni+2)


    6). Gp. 5. ppt. + acetic acid, divide into three parts a) to one part add k2CrO4 yellow ppt.Ba+2

    b) Second part adds amm. Sulphate-white ppt.Sr+2 c) Third part –add amm.oxalate-white
    ppt.Ca+2 Flame test- Ba+2 apple green,Sr+2 –crimson red and Ca+2 – brick red

    7. For Mg+2 : cobalt nitrate test-pink mass.

    Acidic radicals

    Dil. H2SO4 Gp.

    1)salt + dil. H2SO4 Brisk effervescence CO3-2

    2)salt + dil. H2SO4 Smell like rotten eggs S-2

    3) Salt + dil. . . . H2SO4 Pungent and suffocating SO3-2

    Conc. . . H2SO4 Gp.

    1) Salt + conc. . H2SO4 Pungent smell Cl-

    2) Salt + conc. . H2SO4 Reddish brown gas Br-

    3) Salt + conc. . H2SO4 Violet color I-

    4) salt + conc. . H2SO4 Brown colored gas NO3-

    5) Salt + conc. . H2SO4 Vinegar smell CH3COO-

    For SO4-2

    Salt sol. + BaCl2 White ppt. SO4-2

    For PO4-3

    Salt sol. + conc. HNO3 + Canary yellow PO4-3


    Amm. molybdate
    Confirmatory test:
    For CO3-2---

    1) salt + phenolphthalein--- pink color


    2) Salt + dil. H2SO4 + lime water ----milky
    For S-2---

    1) Salt + dil. H2SO4 + lead acetate paper ---black

    2) Salt + sodiumnitroprusside ---Violet


    For SO3- ----

    1) Salt + pot. Dichromate paper turns orange to green

    For Cl- ---

    Salt sol. + AgNO3 gives white ppt., soluble in NH4OH

    For Br- ---

    Salt sol. + AgNO3 gives pale yellow ppt. ,. partially soluble in NH4OH

    For I- ---

    Salt sol. + AgNO3 gives yellow ppt. ,. Insoluble in NH4OH

    Organic layer test for confirmatory test of Br- and I-

    O.S. + CCl4 + Chlorine water Reddish brown confirms Br-

    O.S. + CCl4 + Chlorine water violet layer confirms I-

    For NO3- --

    Salt + FeSO4 + conc. H2SO4 gives black brown ring (ring test)

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