Catholic Theology

Church and the New Testament
Sacred tradition comes before sacred scripture
The gospels
 No non-canonical gospels are earlier, none use word Gospel

 Q and Synoptic Gospel
 Q source you can find in Matthew in Luke but cannot find in Mark
Triple tradition are things you can find between Mark, Luke and Matthew Books
Double tradition are the things you can find int Luke and Matthew
4 Gospels, Matthew, Mark, Luke and John
3 Synoptic Gospels
Gospels written in ancient Greek, Jesus spoke Aramaic
Gospel means “good news”
3 Distinct Portraits
 The Actual Jesus-birth, death, family, personal and social life

 Historical Jesus-constructed based on reading beneath the gospel surface and stripping off all
interpretations (Raymond Brown)
 The Gospel Jesus- refers to the portrait painted by the evangelists to promote and strengthens
the faith of the people.
Christ Resurrection, “is a historical even that nevertheless bursts open dimensions of history and
transcends it” (Ratzinger-Jesus of Nazareth).
What do we know about luke?
 Mentioned 3 times Pauline letters
Luke a disciple of Paul
 Syrian, Antioch
 Never married
 Died at Boeotia
 He wrote for gentile Christians
 Wrote his gospel in the region of Achaia
 Presents an exact account to salvation economy to pagan converts
 He had not seen the Lord
 Wrote Luke Gospel between (64-65) and Acts of the Apostles
Avoids sentiments “my God my God”

Gospel of Luke
 The loveliest book, the gospel of gentiles, gospel of praise
Gospel of John
Prologue
Book for Signs
Book for Glory
Who was John?
 An apostle
 Disciple Jesus Loved
 Wrote the gospel of John (90 AD from Ephesus)
 Offers an eyewitness report
 Audience, Jews, Hellenists, Samaritans
He was present at the passion of Christ
He saw the risen Christ
 Unanimous tradition: our is John the son of Zebedee
Aim
 John presents Jesus as the Logos (The Word)

 Jesus purpose is to save but his coming provokes judgment
 People condemn themselves by turning from the light
 Judgment is not only future but is partially realized here and now
 “Believed” mentioned 99 times
Formation of the gospel ccc 124
 The life and teaching of Jesus

 Oral tradition
 The written gospels
Definitions and terms
 Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist

 Epiklesis-The words of invocation of the Holy Spirit
 Transubstantiation-the belief that the bread and win are changed in substance into the flesh
and blood of Christ, even though the elements appear to remain the same
 Consubstantiation-the idea is that the communion the body and blood of Christ and the
bread and wine coexists in union with each other
 Words of Consecration- “this is my body, which will be given up to you. Take this, all of you,
and drink from it
 Liturgy-the public official service of the church.
Why did he write the acts of the apostles?
 To show-that the gentiles can be accepted into the community without being Jewish
 To show-the growth of the church from Jerusalem to Rome
Acts of the Apostles
 Thesis-Jesus is alive in His church
Construction of Acts
1. Use of the Old Testament

-Luke treats the OT as prophecy, not as guidelines or rules for daily living
2. Speeches and letters
-Missionary speeches to convert Jews and gentiles
-defend speeches in the trials of Paul
-Farewell speeches in Acts 2
3. Repetitions in the story
-Paul’s call
-Conversion of the gentile Cornelius three times
4. Parallelism between Jesus and Christians
-raising the dead, healing the sick, suffering and rejection
Pentecost
 A feast that commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the apostles
 50 days after easter
Theological Importance of Pentecost
 It is the birth of the church

 God revealed the church and her mission to the world (ad Gentes, 4)
 It reveals a church which speaks every language
 We see a church of the New Alliance
-A church that embraces all tongues, is universal and for all people
 A church that overcomes the dispersion of Babel
 Babel (Genesis 11 read) and Pentecost (Acts 2 read)
Roles of the Holy Spirit
 Jesus was conceived in the virgin Mary by the power of the Holy Spirit
 Jesus received the Holy Spirit before he began his ministry
 The church receives the Holy Spirit at Pentecost before she began her ministry
 Throughout the ages the Holy Spirit makes the entire church “One in communion and Ministry”
Pentecost (Shavuot)
 Jewish feast of first fruits, and the law
Stephen and Paul
 Stephen’s speech
 First Martyr Dec 26
 Paul joined the prosecutors until his conversion
Theological Themes
 Triumph of Christianity despite all obstacles

-The word of God continued to spread Act 6:7
 The fulfillment of God’s saving plan
-The spirit is the ultimate realization of the promises to Abraham
 Continuity
-The continuity between the teachings of Jesus and the teachings of the church
 Papal Primacy
Who was Paul
 Paul was a Jew from the tribe of Benjamin

 Studied in Jerusalem under the Pharisee Gamaliel
 Roman citizen who new Greek well
 Persecuted Christians
Pauls Letters
 13 Letters
 Letters to Churches-9
 Letters to Individuals 4
Structure
 Greetings
 Prayer
 Thankgiving
 Content-main body of the letter
 Special salutations
 Kerygma-Proclamation
 Kenosis-Self emptying of Jesus own will and being totally accepted of Gods divine will
 Divine election-being chosen
Revalation
 Surface meaning
Babylon is rome, Rome is the beast and enemy of Christ Emperor worship=Satan-worshi
 Deeper meaning
God s promise to accompany the church, Do not fear the victory sone of the persecuted church
Vision of Christ
 Christ as “Son of Man”
The Seals
 Scrolls and seals

 Four seals with disaster and then a break, comfort to the martyrs
 Sky like scoll
 Heavenly and earthly realms joined
 Notion of Parousia
The woman and the dragon
 The woman the church or Mary?
Definitions
 Melkite- 2 natures one person

 Piety-pious the practice of devotion
 Heresey-the adherence to religious teaching that is contrary to the dogma of the church
 Theology-faith seeking understanding
 Christology-Study of christ
First Council of Nicaea
 Convened in Bithynian city of Nicaea by Emperor Constantine

 300bishops
 Homoousios and homoiousios
Christology controversy
 Theotokos-mother of God
 Nestorius-rejects the title Theotokos
 Proposes-anthropotokos
 Nestorianism-two separate natures, two persons
 Monophysites-only one nature, the divinity of Christ
 Monothelitism-Christ has two nature but one will
 Apollinarism-Christ had a human body and a human sensitive soul but no human rational
mind, the divine taking the place of this last
Catholicism
 Hypostatic union-this union of the two natures in one, a union in the divine hypostasis
Council of Chalcedon
 The 4th ecumenical council

 Convoked by Emperor Marcian
 Chalcedon Bithynia 451
 Attendance 520 bishops
 Condemn Nestorianism

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Church and the New Testament

Sacred tradition comes before sacred scripture

 No non-canonical gospels are earlier, none use word Gospel

4 Gospels, Matthew, Mark, Luke and John

Gospels written in ancient Greek, Jesus spoke Aramaic

Gospel means “good news”

 The Actual Jesus-birth, death, family, personal and social life

What do we know about luke?

 Mentioned 3 times Pauline letters

Luke a disciple of Paul

Avoids sentiments “my God my God”

 The loveliest book, the gospel of gentiles, gospel of praise

Book for Signs

Book for Glory

Who was John?

He was present at the passion of Christ

He saw the risen Christ

 Unanimous tradition: our is John the son of Zebedee

 John presents Jesus as the Logos (The Word)

Formation of the gospel ccc 124

 The life and teaching of Jesus

Definitions and terms

 Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist

Why did he write the acts of the apostles?

Acts of the Apostles

 Thesis-Jesus is alive in His church

1. Use of the Old Testament

Theological Importance of Pentecost

 It is the birth of the church

Roles of the Holy Spirit

 Jewish feast of first fruits, and the law

Stephen and Paul

 Triumph of Christianity despite all obstacles

Who was Paul

 Paul was a Jew from the tribe of Benjamin

 Christ as “Son of Man”

 Scrolls and seals

The woman and the dragon

 The woman the church or Mary?

 Melkite- 2 natures one person

First Council of Nicaea

 Convened in Bithynian city of Nicaea by Emperor Constantine

 The 4th ecumenical council

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