Abhinv

Kendriya vidyalya I.M.
A
DEHRADUN
CHEMISTRY
INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
TOPIC:-Extraction of Essential Oil from
Aniseed (Saunf).
Submitted By:-Anushka BharadwaJ
Class:-XII-B
Roll No:-09
Submitted T0:-Mr. Mukul Nautiyal
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA
I.M.A DEHRADUN
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Anushka, a student of class
XII-B has successfully completed the research on
the below mentioned project under the guidance of
Mr. MUKUL during the year 2022-23 in partial
fulfilment of Chemistry pratical examination
conducted by CBSE, Dehradun.
Signature of Signature of
External Examiner Chemistry Teacher
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I hereby express my gratitude to my Chemistry
Teacher Mr. Mukul for their guidance
throughout my studies. I also thank my
parents who supported me in all my
endeavours. I also thank my classmates who
have equally worked hard to make my project
a success.
I also thank my partners for helping me during
the project. And last but not the least I thank
the almighty for whatever I have achieved till
now.
INDEX
 Certificate
 Acknowledgement
 Index
 Aim
 Introduction
 Aniseed Essential Oil
 Uses of Aniseed Essential Oil
 Requirements & Procedure
 Observations
 Experimental Setup
 Project Pictures
 Bibliography
AIM:-To extract essential oil present in
Saunf (aniseed).
INTRODUCTION:-We are all familiar
with the pleasant odours coming out from
flowers, spices and many trees. The essence or
aromas of plants are due to volatile oils present
in them. These smelling volatile oils present in
plants are called essential oils. Cinnamon,
clove, cumin, eucalyptus, garlic, jasmine,
peppermint, rose, sandalwood, spearmint,
thyme, wintergreen are a few familiar examples
of valuable essential oils. The term “essential
oils” literally means “oils derived from the
essence” of plants.
Essential oils are mainly used for their pleasant
odours and flavours in perfumes and as
flavouring agents in foods. Some are used in
medicines (e.g., camphor, wintergreen,
eucalyptus) others as insect repellents (e.g.,
citronella). Chemically essential oils are
composed of complex mixtures of ester,
alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones and
hydrocarbons. They are essentially non-polar
compounds and are thus soluble in non-polar
solvents such as petroleum ether, benzene etc.
Essential oils may occur in all parts of the plant,
but they are often concentrated in the seeds or
flowers. They are obtained from the plants by
the process of steam distillation and extraction.
The technique of steam distillation permits the
separation of volatile iCBSE.com components
from non-volatile materials without raising the
temperature of the distillation above 100° C.
Thus steam distillation reduces the risk of
decomposition of essential oils.
ANISEED ESSENTIAL OIL
Aniseed Plant
Aniseed, on steam distillation, yields an
essential oil, known as `Oil of Aniseed`,
which has now replaced the fruits for
medicinal and flavouring purposes.
Aniseed oil is a colourless or pale-yellow
liquid having the characteristic odour and
taste of the fruit. The yield of oil generally
varies from 1.9 to 3.1 per cent. Higher
values up to 6 per cent have been reported
from Syrian aniseed. Crushing of fruits
prior to distillation gives better yields of
oil. The material should be distilled soon
after the crushing to prevent any loss of oil
due to evaporation. Aniseed oil is a highly
refractive liquid, which solidifies on
cooling. The congealing point depends
much on the anethole content and is a
valuable criterion for evaluating the oil.
Exposure of the oil to air causes
polymerization, and some oxidation also
takes place with the formation of
anisaldehyde and anisic acid. The chief
constituent of aniseed oil is anethole,
which is present to the extent of 80 to 90
per cent and is mainly responsible for the
characteristic flavour of the oil. The oil also
contains methyl chavicol, pmethoxyphenyl
acetone, and small amount of terpenes and
sulphur containing compounds of
disagreeable odour.
Aniseed Essential Oil
Common Method of Extraction:-Steam Distillation
Colour:-Clear
Botanical Name: Pimpinella anisum
Aromatic Description:-Distinctive scent of licorice.
Rich and sweet.
Constituents:-A-pinene, camphene, B-pinene,
linalool, cis-anethole, trans-anethole, safrole,
anisaldehyde, acetoanisole.
Uses of Aniseed Oil
In aromatherapy, aniseed essential oil is used
to treat colds and flu.
Aniseed oil can be made into a liquid scent and
is used for both hunting and fishing. It is put
on fishing lures to attract fish.
Anethole, the principal component of anise oil,
is a precursor that can eventually produce 2,5-
dimethoxybenzaldehyde which is can be used
in the clandestine synthesis of psychedelic
drugs such as 2CB, 2C-I and DOB.
Oil of aniseed is also reported to be used as an
aromatic carminative to relieve flatulence, and
as an ingredient of cough lozenges in
combination with liquorice.
Essential oil is also used externally as an
insecticide against small insects such as head
lice, mites and vermin. It also has fungicidal
properties.
REQUIREMENTS
Steam generator (Copper Vessel), round bottom flask (500 ml),
conical flask, condenser, glass tubes, iron stand, sand bath, separator
funnel, tripod stands, burners, Ajwain(Carum), Petroleum ether(60-
80°C),Saunf(Aniseed) .
PROCEDURE:- 1. Set the apparatus as shown in the

picture of Experimental Setup. The apparatus consists of
a steam generator connected to the round bottom flask
through a glass inlet tube. The flask is connected to a
water condenser through a glass outlet tube. Condenser
is further attached to a receiver through an adaptor.
2. Take about 750 ml of water in the steam generator and
start heating to produce steam.
3. In the round bottom flask take about 75 gm of crushed
saunf.
4. A vigorous current of steam from steam generator is
passed through the round bottom flask.
5. A part of the steam condenses in the round bottom
flask. As more and more steam is passed, the steam
volatile components of saunf pass through the condenser
along with steam. These contents on condensation are
collected in the receiver.
6. The contents in the round bottom flask may be heated
by a bunsen burner to prevent excessive condensation of
steam.
7. The process of steam distillation is continued for
about half an hour.
8. Transfer the distillate to a separating funnel and
extract with 20 ml portions of petroleum ether 3 times.
9. Combine the petroleum ether extracts in a 250 ml
conical flask and dry it with the help of anhydrous
sodium sulphate.
10. Remove the solvent from the dried filtrate by careful
distillation in a water bath. The essential oil is left behind
in the distillation flask.
11. Find the weight of the extracted essential oil. Note the
colour, odour and weight of the essential oil.
OBSERVATIONS
1.) Saunf (Aniseed):-
Weight of Saunf taken = 100 gm Initial
Weight of the bottle = 10gm(x)
Weight of bottle + essential oil = 11.25
gm(y)
Weight of essential oil extracted =(y-x)
=1.25 gm
Percentage of essential oil=
(y/100)*100=1.25 %
Colour of the oil = Colourless
Odour of the oil = Saunf like smell.
2.) Ajwain (Carum):-
Weight of Saunf taken = 75 gm
Initial Weight of the bottle = 10 gm(x)
Weight of bottle + essential oil = 11 gm(y)
Weight of essential oil extracted =(y-x)
=1 gm
Percentage of essential oil =
(y/75)*100=1.33%
Colour of the oil = Colourless
Odour of the oil = Ajwain like smell.
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
Project pictures
Bibliography
 http://www.icbse.com/
 http://en.wikipedia.org/
wiki/Anise
 http://
www.essentialoils.co.za/
essenti
 Comprehensive Chemistry
Pratical Class-XIIth.

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Kendriya vidyalya I.M.

PROCEDURE:- 1. Set the apparatus as shown in the

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