Calculation in Chemistry

CALCULATION IN CHEMISTRY
Things to remember !!
§
× Molar volume
Mass of × Molar mass
substances Mole Volume
: Molar volume of gas
: Molar mass
× NA : NA
Number of
particles
1. 2Mg + O2  2MgO
A strip of magnesium has a weight of 1.2 g are being burn with oxygen to produced magnesium oxide.
Find the mass magnesium oxide being produced.
[Relative atomic mass: Mg, 24; O, 16]
2. 4K + O2  2K2O
11.7 g of potassium was burnt in sample of oxygen to produce potassium oxide. Calculate:
Volume of oxygen reacts at room temperature
[Relative atomic mass: K, 39; O, 16; Molar Volume is 24 dm3 at room temperature]
3. C3H8 + 5O2  3CO2 + 4H2O
Propane gas was burned in oxygen follow as equation above. If 3.36 dm3 of carbon dioxide gas are
produced in this reaction at s.t.p, find
(a) the mass of propane burned
[Relative atomic mass: H, 1; C, 12; Molar Volume is 22.4 dm3 at s.t.p]
4. When 10 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 sodium sulphate solution is added to excess lead (II) nitrate solution, a
white precipitate is formed.
Calculate the mass of precipitate formed. [Relative atomic mass: O=16, S=32, Pb=207]
Calculation on Empirical Formula

1. In an experiment, 4.53 g of oxide hot metal X are reduce by hydrogen gas. At the end of the experiment,
3.57 g of metal X is produced. What are the empirical formulae for metal oxide X? [Relative atomic mass:
O , 16; X = 119]
2. A white powder consist of an element below according to it’s mass:

Na, 36.5%; S , 25.4%; O, 38.1%
Calculate empirical formulae for this compound.

[Relative atomic mass: O , 16; Na , 23; S , 32 ]
3. 5.8 g of a hydrocarbon consist of 4.8 g carbon. Molecular mass for hydrocarbon is 58. Calculate
(a) Empirical formula
(b) Molecular formula, of the hydrocarbon
[Relative atomic mass: H , 1; C , 12]
CONCENTRATION AND MOLARITY

1. 250 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution is prepared from 5 g sodium hydroxide pellets. Calculate the concentration of
the solution in
(a) g dm-3
(b) mol dm-3 Ans: (a) 20 g dm-3, (b) 0.5 mol dm-3
2. The concentration of a sodium hydroxide solution is 0.02 mol dm -3. Calculate the volume of the solution that
contains 0.01 mole of sodium hydroxide. Ans: 0.5 dm3 or 500 cm3
3. Calculate the mass of potassium hydroxide in 50 cm 3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 potassium hydroxide solution. .
Ans: 1.4 g
+ 3 -3
4. Calculate the number of moles of H ions in 50 cm of 2 mol dm sulphuric acid.
Ans: 0.2 mol
NEUTRALISATION
1. 50 cm3 of 2 mol dm-3 calcium hydroxide is neutralised completely by 0.2 mol dm-3 nitric acid. Calculate the volume of
nitric acid that has reacted.
Ans: 1000 cm3
2. 20 cm3 KOH solution is neutralised completely by 10 cm3 HCl of concentration 3.65 g dm-3. Calculate the
concentration of KOH IN g dm-3.
(Relative atomic mass of Cl = 35.5; K = 39; H = 1; O = 16)
Ans: 2.8 g dm-3
3. 30 cm3 of distilled water is added to 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid. Calculate the molarity of the resulting
solution.
Ans: 0.625 mol dm-3
DILUTION
1. 400 cm3 magnesium chloride solutions are diluted with 100 cm3 distilled water to produce a solution with a
concentration of 0.2 mol dm-3. Calculate the concentration of the original solution used.
0.25 mol dm-3
2. Lead (II) nitrate solution 0.5 mol dm-3 is diluted with 100 cm3 distilled water to produce a solution with the
concentration of 0.1 mol dm-3. Calculate the volume of solution used in the dilution.
25 cm3
3. Copper (II) sulfate solution 0.35M is diluted with 50 cm 3 of distilled water to produce a solution with the
concentration of 0.1M. Calculate the volume of solution used in the dilution.
20 cm3
TERMOCHEMISTRY
Specific heat capacity of solution = 4.2 J g -1 oC-1;
Density of solution = 1.0 g dm-3
Heat of Precipitation
1. 60 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid is mixed with 60 cm 3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 lead(II) nitrate solution . The increase in
temperature is 8 oC. Calculate the heat of precipitation of lead(II) sulphate and draw an energy level diagram for
thereaction.
Ans: -67.2 kJ mol-1
2. Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq) → AgCl(s) ∆H = -58.8 kJ mol-1
Calculate the change in temperature if 50 cm 3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 silver nitrate is mixed with 50 cm 3 of 0.1 mol dm-3
hydrochloric acid.
Ans: 294 J, 0.7 oC
Heat of Displacement
1. In an experiment, 40 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 copper(II) sulphate solution is poured into a polystyrene cup and the initial
temperature is recorded. Excess zinc powder is added to the solution and the mixture is stirred continuously. The
maximum temperature is recorded.Results:
Initial temperature of the solution = 30 oC

Maximum temperature of the solution = 71 oC
(a) Calculate the heat of displacement of copper from copper(II) sulphate by zinc
(b) Draw an energy level diagram for the reaction.
Ans: -172 kJ mol-1
2. In an experiment, excess zinc powder is added to 50 cm 3 of 0.4 mol dm-3 copper(II) sulphate solution in a plastic cup.
Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s) ∆H = -210 kJ mol-1

Calculate the maximum increase in temperature of the mixture.
Ans: 20oC
Heat of Neutralisation
1. When 250 cm3 of asid 2.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid is mixed with 250 cm 3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide, the
temperature increase is 13.6 oC.
(a) Write the chemical equation for the reaction.
(b) Calculate the heat released in the reaction.
Ans: 28.56 kJ
(c) Calculate the heat of neutralisation for the reaction (the heat released when 1 mol of H + ions react with 1 mol
of OH- ions).
Ans: -57.12 kJ mol-1
(d) How much is the heat released when 1 mol of H 2SO4 is neutralised completely by sodium hydroxide?
2. 20 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 ammonia solution is used to neutralise 20 cm 3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid . The
temperature increase is 5oC.
[ Muatan haba tentu larutan = 4.2 J g -1 oC-1]
(a) Calculate the heat of neutralisation for the reaction.

Ans: -42.0 kJ mol-1
(b) Draw an energy level diagram for the reaction.
HEAT OF COMBUSTION
1. Heat from combustion of 0.28 g oktane, C8H18 increasing temperature of 200 cm3 water from 30 oC to
46 oC. Based on this information,
[ Ar: H, 1; C, 12; O, 16; 1 mole gas is occupy 24 dm3]
i. calculate the heat of combustion for octane
ii. value of fuel for octane
2. Following equation show heat of combustion for ethanol, C2H5OH

C2H5OH (ce) + 3O2 (g) → 2CO2 (g) + 3H2O (ce)
∆H = -1400 kJmol-1
Heat combustion for 0.46 g etanol, is use to heat 200 cm 3 of water, calculate the temperature rise of
water .
3. Complete heat combustion for 1 mol butanol, C4H9OH release 2600 kJ of heat. Calculate the mass for
butanol that need to burnt completely so heat release can increase the temperature for 500 cm3 of water
to 36 oC. [J.A.R: C, 12; O, 16; H, 1]

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CALCULATION IN CHEMISTRY

Calculation on Empirical Formula

2. A white powder consist of an element below according to it’s mass:

Calculate empirical formulae for this compound.

CONCENTRATION AND MOLARITY

Ans: -67.2 kJ mol-1

2. Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq) → AgCl(s) ∆H = -58.8 kJ mol-1

Ans: 294 J, 0.7 oC

Initial temperature of the solution = 30 oC

Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s) ∆H = -210 kJ mol-1

(a) Calculate the heat of neutralisation for the reaction.

2. Following equation show heat of combustion for ethanol, C2H5OH

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