Cells

St udy Guide Answer Key

1. The cell part that controls most of the cell's activities and contains the cell’s DNA is the .
a. nucleus
b. vacuole
c. cytoplasm
d. centriole

2. Which of the following cell parts have similar or related jobs?

a. mitochondria and cell wall
b. ribosomes and cell membrane
c. mitochondria and chloroplasts
d. nucleus and vacuole

3. Which of the following cell parts have similar or related jobs?

a. cell wall and centriole
b. chloroplasts and vacuoles
c. cell membrane and nuclear membrane
d. chloroplasts and nucleolus

4. The main function of the cell wall is to

a. direct the activities of the cell.
b. store DNA.
c. support and protect the cell.
d. help the cell move.

5. Which of the following is a function of the nucleus?

a. stores DNA
b. controls most of the cell’s processes
c. contains the information needed to make proteins
d. all of the above

6. Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?

a. helps a cell keep its shape
b. contains DNA
c. surrounds the cell
d. helps make proteins

7. Which organelle makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus?
a. Golgi apparatus
b. mitochondrion
c. vacuole
d. ribosome

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8. Which organelles help provide cells with energy?
a. mitochondria and chloroplasts
b. rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosome
c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum
d. Golgi apparatus and ribosomes

9. i. Jelly-like material found in the cell. Contains organelles & where most cell processes
take place.

ii. Acts as cell’s clean up crew by digesting worn out organelles & viruses.

iii. Stores water, food, & other molecules. Oversized in plants to enable them to
support flowers & leaves.

iv. Acts like transportation system by modifying & exporting materials. Has 2 forms,
smooth & rough.

v. Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins.

a. Golgi apparatus
b. Endoplasmic reticulum
c. Lysosomes
d. Vacuole
e. Cytoplasm

10. Which of the following structures serves as the cell’s outer boundary and regulates what goes in & out
of the cell?
a. mitochondrion
b. cell membrane
c. chloroplast
d. nuclear membrane

11. What is diffusion?

a. the diffusion of water molecules through a selectivly permeable membrane
b. the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
c. when molecules move from an area with high concentration to an area with low
concentration.
d. made up of different kinds of tissues that function together.

12. There are red blood cells filled with oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body. There is a lot of
oxygen in other red blood cells and very little in other body cells. There is more carbon dioxide in the
body cells than in the blood cells. How does the carbon dioxide and oxygen move to where they need
to go?
a. Osmosis
b. Diffusion

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13. What is osmosis?
a. water movement
b. molecules move from high concentration, to low
c. a cell
d. the diffusion of water molecules

14. Movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to region of low concentration is called
.
a. osmosis
b. diffusion

15. This is reached when there is no longer an area of high concentration or low concentration, and
molecules flow equally in both directions across the semipermeable membrane.
a. equilibrium
b. homeostasis
c. tonicity
d. cytolysis

16. made it possible for people to discover and learn about cells.
a. Cells
b. Microscopes
c. Cell theories

17. Rudolph Virchow discovered which part of the Cell Theory?

a. The cell is the basic unit of life
b. The atom is the basic unit of life
c. All cells come from pre-existing, living cells
d. All living things are made of cells

18. What are the parts of the Cell Theory?

a. All living things are made of cells, Cells are the basic unit of life, Cells pop out of thin air
b. All living things are made of cells, Cells are the basic unit of life, Cells arise from pre-
existing cells.
c. Some living things are made of cells, Cells are the basic unit of life, Cells arise from pre-existing
cells.

19. Which of the following is not part of cell theory?

a. All organisms are made of cells
b. The cell is the smallest unit of life
c. All cells are visible under a microscope
d. All new cells come from preexisting cells

20. Who was the first person to see cells under the microscope and give them a name?
a. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
b. Robert Hooke
c. Theodor Schwann
d. Matthias Schleiden

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21. He discovered that all plants were made of cells, which contributed to the development of the cell
theory:
a. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
b. Robert Hooke
c. Theodor Schwann
d. Matthias Schleiden

22. He advanced the cell theory with his conclusion that cells could only come from other cells:
a. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
b. Rudolph Virchow
c. Theodor Schwann
d. Robert Hooke

23. Unlike eukaryotes, prokaryotes do not have:

a. DNA
b. cytoplasm
c. cell walls
d. a membrane bound nucleus

24. Which of the following is NOT one of the main components of the cell theory?
a. cells must contain DNA
b. all living things are made of cells
c. cells can only come from other cells
d. cells are the basic unit of life

25. Rudolph Virchow's observations helped to disprove was commonly held belief of the time?
a. evolution
b. the existence of molecules
c. spontaneous generation
d. atomic models

26. Tiny structures that carry out cell functions are collectively called:
a. animalcules
b. organelles
c. tissues
d. ribosomes

27. What kingdoms are made up of prokaryotic cells?

a. Protists & Plants
b. Bacteria & Fungi
c. Bacteria & Archeabacteria
d. Animals & Plants

28. Which term describes bacteria?

a. eukaryote
b. prokaryote

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29. Which of these describes unicellular organisms, such as bacteria?
a. DNA
b. Eukaryote
c. Prokaryote
d. Lysosome

30. Osmosis is the movement of into and out of cells.

a. chemicals
b. oxygen
c. water
d. cytoplasm

31. An organism's tendency to maintain a stable internal environment is called .

a. control
b. homeostasis
c. organization
d. filtration
e. osmosis

32. What cell parts are only located in the plant cell?
a. Cell Wall and Cell Membrane
b. Nucleus and Mitochondria
c. Nucleus and Cytoplasm
d. Chloroplast and Cell Wall

33. What does unicellular mean?

a. Many Cells
b. One Cell

34. A freshwater fish is put in a tank with some saltwater fish that have lived there for several years.
What will happen to the freshwater fish?
(the freshwater fish's cell membranes are impervious to salt)
a. It will become a saltwater fish
b. It will shrivel up and die
c. It will become bloated and die
d. it will remain the same, and keep living

35. If a cell is placed in an isotonic solution what will most likely happen?
a. The cell will shrink due to osmosis
b. The cell will swell and grow due to osmosis
c. The cell will stay the same with the same amount of water entering and exiting the cell
d. The cell will start dividing.
e. The cell will become a protein

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36. A student views cells from several different prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms under a high-
powered microscope. Which of the following statements describes how the prokaryotic cells appear
different from the eukaryotic cells?
a. The prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus
b. The prokaryotic cell are much larger
c. The prokaryotic cells have mitochondria
d. The prokaryotic cells have a less distinct shape

37. Relative to prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells are usually .

a. smaller and equally complex
b. larger and more complex
c. larger and equally complex
d. smaller and more complex
e. smaller and simpler

38. Plants, animals, protozoa, and fungi all contain .

a. prokaryotic cells
b. eukaryotic cells

39. Suppose a blood cell has a much larger concentration of water inside the cell than the environment it's
in. What happens to the blood cell and why?
a. The blood shell will expand and possibly pop because the water inside the cell will wish to join
the water-rich environment outside of the cell, pushing outwards against the impermiable cell
walls.
b. The blood cell will remain unchanged because the water will pass in and out of the cell's semi-
permeable membrane without hindrance.
c. The cell will shrivel because water inside of the highly concentrated cell will rush out to
balance out the concentrations.
d. The cell will shrivel because the water outside the cell will attempt to flow into the water-rich
center of the blood cell, compressing the cell's wall from the outside.

40. Jennifer looked at a cell under the microscope. What observation would tell her the cell was from a
plant?
a. cytoplasm
b. a power plant
c. a nucleus
d. a chloroplast

41. What is the term for when the concentrations of solutes are the same inside and outside of the cell?
a. Isotonic
b. Hypotonic
c. Hypertonic
d. Concentration gradient

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42. What is it called when the concentration of solute is higher outside the cell than inside?
a. Isotonic
b. Hypotonic
c. Hypertonic
d. Equilibrium

43. When the concentration of solute is less outside of the cell than inside the cell is said to be in a
solution.
a. Isotonic
b. Hypotonic
c. Hypertonic
d. Equilibrium

44. What is the reaction of a cell placed into a hypertonic solution?

a. Grow larger and possibly burstd (cytolysis)
b. Shrinks and shrivels (crenate)
c. Stays the same
d. Mitosis

45. Toothless and Stormfly are always trying to outdo each other and both usually end up with minor
injuries that require their skin cells to export a lot of proteins to make more of the natural dragon
armor. Which of the following organelles would be found in great abundance in Toothless and
Stormfly’s skin cells.
a. Rough ER, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, and vesicles.
b. Smooth ER, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, and vacuoles
c. Ribosomes, nucleus, cytoplasm, and lysosomes
d. Golgi apparatus, vesicles, cytoskeleton, and mitochondria

46. i. came up with the name cells (looked at cork)

ii. all animals are made of cells

iii. looked at pond water, father of microbiology

iv. all plants are made of cells

v. cells come from other cells

a. Robert Hooke
b. Mathias Schlieden
c. Rudolph Virchow
d. Anton Van Leeuwenhook
e. Theodor Scwann

47. Which organisms are unicellular?

a. tree, amoeba, yeast
b. bacteria, ameoba, mushroom
c. bacteria, yeast, amoeba
d. amoeba, bacteria, fly

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48. Which organisms are multicellular?
a. tree, amoeba, yeast
b. fly, tree, bacteria
c. tree, fly, mushroom
d. yeast, mushroom, tree

49. Which of the following organisms is NOT heterotrophic?

a. amoeba
b. yeast
c. mushroom
d. fly
e. tree

50. What is the organelle where ribosomes are made, synthesized and partially assembled and is located
in the nucleus?
a. cell membrane
b. nuclear membrane
c. nucleolus
d. lysosomes

51. Group of cells similar in structure and function are .

a. abular
b. secous
c. organelles
d. tissue

52. Eukaryotic cells contain .

a. A nucleus
b. Cell membranes
c. Organelles
d. All of these answers are true

53. The levels of organization is which of the following?

a. Atoms > Cells > Tissue > Organism
b. Atoms > Cells > Tissue > Tissue System
c. Cells > Cell System > Tissue > Organism
d. Cells > Tissue > Organ > Organ System

54. Choose the lowest level of organization.

a. system
b. tissue
c. cell
d. organism
e. organs

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55. Choose the highest level of organization.
a. system
b. tissue
c. cell
d. organism
e. organs

56. A substance has to pass through various parts of a plant cell before reaching the nucleus. Which of the
following shows the correct order of these parts?
a. cell wall, cytoplasm, cell membrane
b. cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm
c. cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm
d. cell membrane, cytoplasm, cell wall

57. Which best describes the image below?

a. organism
b. plant cell
c. animal cell
d. organ system

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58. What is the function of the structure labeled "N"?

a. control all activities of the cell

b. package and sort proteins
c. destroy wastes
d. give the cell structural support

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59. Which structure shown on the diagram aids with cell movement?

a. A
b. B
c. F
d. G

60. Which of the following would have a prokaryotic cell?

a. a monkey
b. bacteria
c. mosquito
d. fern
e. tree

61. Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane?

a. enables cell to move
b. manufactures food
c. processes energy
d. regulates the interaction of the cell with its environment

62. Which of the following cell organelles makes ribosomes?

a. nucleus
b. nucleolus
c. Golgi body
d. centriole

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63. Between the 1650's and the 1860's several scientists studied cells. They repeatedly tested their ideas
and, eventually, a summary of what they learned was developed. We call this summary of what is
known about cells
a. the cell history.
b. the cell theory.
c. the cell mystery.
d. the development of cells.

64. What is the primary structural difference between rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth
endoplasmic reticulum?
a. The letter "S" and the letter "R"
b. Well done dermabrasion (a way to smooth skin)
c. The presence or absence of DNA
d. The presence or absence of ribosomes

65. Synthesis of lipids occurs in which major organelle?

a. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
c. Chloroplasts
d. Mitochondria

66. The transports materials inside an animal cell.

a. rough endoplasmic reticulum
b. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
c. cell wall
d. cytoskeleton

67. What happens to a cell when floating in water that contains plenty of salt?
a. The cell stays the same.
b. The cell gets bigger.
c. The cell shrinks.

68. Which organelle protects the DNA from damage?

a. Nucleolus
b. Nucleus
c. Cell Wall
d. Cell Membrane

69. Many bacteria live in fresh water. Which of these statements best describes what will happen when
freshwater bacterial cells are placed in salt water?
a. Water leaves the cell, causing the cell to expand
b. Water leaves the cell, causing the cell to shrink
c. Water enters the cell, causing the cell to expand
d. Water enters the cell, causing the cell to shrink

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70. Which organelle of a plant cell is going to be most affected by direct sunlight?
a. the cell wall
b. the chloroplasts
c. the cell membrane
d. the vacuoles

71. Organs that work together to perform a life function make up a(n .
a. Cell Tower
b. Organ system
c. Tissue
d. Cells

72. What is the result of homeostasis at the cellular level?

a. The cell dies.
b. The environment within the cell is stable.

73. Into what are organs organized?

a. system
b. tissue
c. cell
d. organism

74. A is a group of similar cells that work together at the same job.
a. organ
b. cell
c. tissue

75. Several tissues grouped together and working as a unit form a .

a. organ
b. system
c. cells
d. organism

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