WHITE METAL BLAST CLEANING.

When viewed without magnification the surface shall be free from

visible oil, grease, dust dirt, mill shcale, rust , coating, oxides, corrosion products and other foreign
matter.

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Perron

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NACE #1/SSPC-SP5

WHITE METAL BLAST CLEANING. When viewed without magnification the surface shall be free from
visible oil, grease, dust dirt, mill shcale, rust , coating, oxides, corrosion products and other foreign
matter.

NACE #2/SSPC-SP 10

NEAR WHITE METAL BLAST CLEANING. When viewed without magnification the surface shall be free
from visible oil, grease, dust, dirt, mill scale, rust, coating, oxides, corrosion products, and other
foreign matter. Random staining shall be limited to no more than 5% of each unit area of surface and
may consist of lighshadows, slight streaks, or minor discolorations caused by stains of rust, stains of
mill scale or stains of previously applied coatings.
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NACE #3/SSPC-SP-6

COMMERCIAL BLAST CLEANING. When viewed without magnification the surface shall be free from
visible oil, grease, dust, dirt, mill scale, rust, coating, oxides, corrosion products, and other foreign
matter. Random staining shall be limited to no more than 33% of each unit area of surface and may
consist of light shadows, slight streaks, or minor discolorations caused by stains of rust, stains of mill
scale or stains of previously applied coatings.

NACE #8/SSPC-SP14

INDUSTRIAL BLAST CLEANING. When viewed without magnification the surface shall be free from
visible oil, grease, dust, and dirt. Traces of light adherent mill scale, rust, and coating residues are
allowed to remain on 10% of each unit area of the surface if the are randomly distributed. The traces
of mill scale, rust and coating are considered tightly adherent if they cannot be removed by lifting
with a dull putty knife. Shadows, streaks and discolorations caused by stains of rust, stains of mill
scale, or stains of previously applied coatings may be present on the remainder of the surface.

NACE #4/SSPC-SP-7

BRUSH-OFF BLAST CLEANING. When viewed without magnification the surface shall be free from
visible oil, grease, dust, dirt, loose mill scale, loose rust, and loose coating. Tightly adherent mill
scale, rust and coating may remain on the surface. Mill scale, rust and coating are considered tightly
adherent if they cannot be removed by lifting a dull putty knife.

SA 3

BLAST CLEANING TO VISUALLY CLEAN STEEL. When viewed without magnification the surface shall
be free from visible oil, grease, dust dirt, mill scale, rust , coating, oxides, corrosion products and
other foreign matter. It shall have a uniform metallic color

SA 2 1/2

VERY THOROUGH BLAST CLEANING. When viewed without magnification the surface shall be free
from visible oil, grease, dust dirt, mill scale, rust , coating, oxides, corrosion products and other
foreign matter. Any remaining traces of contamination will show only as slight stains in the form of
spots or stripes.

SA 2

THOROUGH BLAST CLEANING. When viewed without magnification the surface shall be free from
visible oil, grease, dust dirt, mill scale, rust , coating, oxides, corrosion products and other foreign
matter. Any residual contamination shall be firmly adhering
SA 1

LIGHT BLAST CLEANING. When viewed without magnification the surface shall be free from visible
oil, grease, dust, dirt, mill scale, rust , paint coatings, and foreign matter.

ST 2

THOROUGH HAND AND POWER TOOL CLEANING. When viewed without magnification the surface
shall be free from visible oil, grease, dust, dirt, and from poorly adhering mill scale, rust , paint
coatings, and foreign matter

ST 3

VERY THOROUGH HAND AND POWER TOOL CLEANING. Same as ST 2, but the surface shall be
treated much more thoroughly to give a metallic sheen arising from the the metallic substrate.
When viewed without magnification the surface shall be free from visible oil, grease, dust, dirt, and
from poorly adhering mill scale, rust , paint coatings, and foreign matter

SSPC-SP 2

HAND TOOL CLEANING. Hand tool cleaning removes all loose mill scale, rest, paint, and other
detrimental foreign matter. It is not intended that adherent mill scale, rust and paint be removed by
this process. Mill scale, rust, and paint are considered adherent if they cannot be removed with a
dull putty knife.

SSOC-SP 3

POWER TOOL CLEANING. Power tool cleaning removes all loose mill scale, rest, paint, and other
detrimental foreign matter. It is not intended that adherent mill scale, rust and paint be removed by
this process. Mill scale, rust, and paint are considered adherent if they cannot be removed with a
dull putty knife

SSPC-SP 15

COMMERCIAL GRADE POWER TOOL CLEANING. A commercial grade power tool cleaned surface
when viewed without magnification the surface shall be free from visible oil, grease, dust dirt, mill
scale, rust , coating, oxides, corrosion products and other foreign material, except as noted in
Section 2.2 of the standard. Random staining shall be limited to no more than 33% of each unit area
of surface. Staining may consist of light shadows, slight streaks, or minor discolorations caused by
rust, mill scale, or previously applied coatings. Slight residues of rest and paint may also be left in the
bottom of the pits if the original surface is pitted.

SSPC-SP 11

POWER TOOL CLEANING TO BARE METAL. A steel surface cleaned with power tools to bare metal
when viewed without magnification the surface shall be free from visible oil, grease, dust dirt, mill
scale, rust , coating, oxides, corrosion products and other foreign matter. Slight residues of rust and
paint may also be left in the bottom of the pits if the original surface is pitted. The surface profile
roughness shall be a minimum of 1.o mil as measured in accordance with Method C of ASTM D4417
or other mutually agreed upon method. The peaks and valleys on the surface shall form a continuous
pattern with no smooth, unprofiled spots in between.

Cathode

More noble region where electrons are consumed. Reduction occurs at the cathode

Anode

Part of the metal that corrodes. Oxidation occurs at the anode

Return Path (Metallic Pathway)

Connects cathode and anode and allows passage of electrons generated at the anode to the cathode

Electrolyte

Medium that conducts ionic (rather than electronic) current

Negative Electrode

Zinc case which corresponds to the anode in a corrosion cell

High Voltage Detection Types

1. Rolling Spring 2. Smooth Neoprene Flaps 3. Bristle Brush

Low Voltage Detectors Battery Range is:

5-120V DC

General Types of Holiday Detectors

1. Low voltage DC 2. High voltage DC 3. High voltage pulsed DC 4. High voltage AC

Adhesion Failures May be Caused by:

1. Contaminated surface 2. Wrong surface prep. 3. Insufficient profile 4. Exceeding topcoat window

Checking can be Described as:

Line cracks in the coating surface

Causes of Cracking

1. Stress from movement 2. Internal stress as coating ages

Common Cause of Blistering

Surface contaminants: oil, moisture, and/or grease

Pinholes are:

Small holes in the coating

Vacoules or voids are typically caused by:

Air trapped in coating during mixing

Cratering may be caused by:

Air trapped in coating

A powdery, friable layer on the surface of a coating common with epoxy coatings is: (caused by UV
reaction)

Chalking

Runs, sags and wrinkles are caused by:

1. Coating applied too thickly 2. Too much thinner 3. Surface too hot 4. Improper spray technique

Problems caused by amine blush

1. Surface tackiness 2. Incomplete cure 3. Poor adhesion

Non drying films may be caused by:

1. Environmental issues 2. Wrong/contaminated thinner 3. Manufacturer coating issues

MSDS contains following

1. Stability and reactivity 2. Handling and storage 3. PPE 4. Physical and chemical properties

Coating product data sheets contain

1. Generic type 2. Description 3. Features

4. Color 5. Finish 6. Proper use 7. Performance data 8. VOC values 9. Application methods

3 ways coating is applied

1. Brush 2. Roller 3. Spray

High temp concerns

1. Slow solvent evaporation 2. leaves moisture on coating surface

Low temp concerns

1. Slow cure times 2. Increased viscosity

Guide to enclosures

SSPC Technical Update #6

Project inspection documentation provides

1. QC records 2. Management Information 3. Verification of work 4. Details of non-conformance

work
Good records allow management to:

1. Detect design defects 2. Evacuate coating performance 3. Develop ongoing maintenance program
4. Determine annual cost data

Inspection records show:

1. Environmental conditions 2. pretreatment details 3. Cleaning details 4. Materials information 5.

Coating applications 6. Tests results

Documentation may include

1. Dail reports 2. Inspection logs 3. Routine reports 4. Monthly/quarterly reports

People who may be required to attend a pre-inspection meeting-

1. Owner 2. Engineer 3. Ops personnel 4. Specifier 5. Purchase agent 6. Coating manufacturer 7.

Coating inspector 8. Project safety 9. Coating applicator

Goals of a pre-job conference

1. HSE discussion 2. Adress/clarify emergency procedures 3. Review SOW 4. Review logistical support
5. Discuss/clarify inspector responsibilities 6. Clarify chain of command

Common errors using replica tape

1. Variation in point to point profile 2. Dirt on tape/guage 3. Guage accuracy 4. Rubbing technique

Standards for replica tape

1. RP-0287-95-Accuracy 2. ASTM 4417-93-Reproducibility

2 types of replica tape

Coarse and extra coarse

Iso comparator grades may by recorded as:

1. Finer than fine 2. Fine 3. Medium 4. Coarse 5. Coarser than coarse

Depth of profile can be evaluated by:

1. Iso comparators 2. Replica tape 3. Digital profile guage

Tests for soluble salts include:

1. Potassium Ferricynide 2. Bresle patch 3. Sleeve test 4. Conductivity 5. Soluble salt meters

Effective inspection spec. for soluble salts should include:

1. Limits of salts acceptable 2. Specific salts limited 3. Test method 4. Frequency of testing 5. Where
to administer tests
3 types of soluble salt contamination are:

1. Chlorides 2. Sulphates 3. Nitrates

3 surface profile test methods

1. Comparator and coupons 2. Replica tape 3. Profilometer

NACE SSPC Waterjetting Standard

NACE 5/SSPC-SP12

3 types of water blasting

1. Grit blasting w/shroud 2. Sand injected water blast 3. Slurry blast w/grit & water mix

Ulta high pressure water jetting range

30K to 50K PSI

High pressure water jetting range

10K to 30K PSI

High pressure water cleaning range

5K-10K PSI

Low pressure water cleaning range

Below 5K PSI

Recyclable grit types

1. Steel grit 2. Cast iron 3. Plastic beads

4. Sponge particles

Abrasive media types

1. Shot grit 2. Crushed slag 3. Ceramic grit 4. Silica sand

Checklist items for surface prep.

1. Ambient conditions 2. Substrate conditions 3.Pre-blast surface cleanliness 4. Shot/grit size 5.

Shot/grit cleanliness 6. Surface profile 7. Operator qualification

Describe low voltage holiday detectors

Sensitive electronic devices powered by batteries ranging from 5-120V DC

4 Typical SSPC-SP1 pre-cleaning methods

1. Solvent spray 2. Steam cleaning 3. Emulsion cleaning 4. Alkaline cleaners

Common fabrication defects

1. Laminations 2. Gouges 3. Rough welds 4. Corners

Common design defects

1. Inaccessible areas 2. Welds 3. Gaps 4. Dissimilar metals 5. Overlapping surfaces

Factors that may affect surface prep.

1. Residues-oils, grease, soil 2. Chemical salts residue 3. Rust on surface 4. Mill scale 5. Anchor
pattern issues

Surface prep should be inspected a minimum of what 3 times?

1. Before surface prep. 2. After prep, before coating 3. Between coating applications (multiple coats)

Inspectors responsibilities as they relate to spec.

Observe and report all technical aspects of a coating project

5 Formal specification sections

1. Scope of work 2. Terms and Definitions 3. Reference standards and codes 4. Safety 5. Surface
preparation

Oil based coatings applied over alkaline surfaces may result in:

Saponification: High Ph forms a soap like material which reacts between the two coatings

Industrial and marine coatings are commonly referred to by:

Generic resin type- binder

Main ingredients for hydration coating to cure

Same level of humidity as surrounding air moisture

Definition of induction time:

Period of time after mixing but before application

3 Polymerization coating cure types

1. Epoxies 2. Polyurethanes 3. Polyureas

2 Characteristics of oxidation cure coatings

1. Cure by reaction w/atmospheric oxygen 2. Main ingredient is a drying oil modified w/synthetic
molecules

3 convertible coating curing mechanisms

1. Oxidation 2. Hydration 3. Fusion

2 classifications for curing mechanisms

1. Convertible 2. Non-convertible

2 Non-convertible coating types

1. Evaporation cure 2. Coalescence cure

Define corrosion:

Deterioration of a substance, usually a metal, or its properties because of a reaction with the
environment

What is passivation?

A reduction of the anodic reaction rate of an electrode involved in corrosion

What are the elements of a corrosion cell?

1. Anode 2. Cathode 3. Metallic pathway 4. Electrolyte

Describe what happens at the anode.

Metal deterioration: Metal is transformed into positively charged ions. Metallica iron is first
converted into another substance.

Function of electrolyte?

Medium that conducts ionic current

Function of metallic pathway?

Connects anode and cathode allows passage of electrons from where they are generated at the
anode to the cathode

What is the galvanic series?

List of materials in order of corrosion potential most to least easily corroded

General rules of galvanic corrosion

1. When dissimilar metals are connected the most active (anodic) metal corrodes more rapidly.
More noble (cathodic) is protected and corrodes less. 2. As potential difference increases the rate of
corrosion increases 3. Corrosion rates increase as potential differences between metals increase.

Factors that affect corrosion rates

1. Oxygen 2. Temperature 3. Chemical salts 4. Humidity 5. Pollutants and acid gases

General Corrosion

Uniform loss of material over an entire surface and general thinning of affected surface
SSPC-SP5/NACE 1 limits staining to _________per each unit area

0%

Describe high voltage detectors

Sensitive electronic devices powered by batteries with output voltages from 800-60,000 V

Localized corrosion

Occurs at discrete sites and often in areas that are difficult to inspect

Tools/methods for corrosion control

1. Design 2. Inhibitors 3. Material selection 4. Cathodic protection 5. Protective coatings 6. Alteration

of environment

Define NACE inspectors role

Observe and report quality of work performed noting conformance or deviation

Inspectors responsibility when it comes to safety

Knowledgeable enough to recognize and report violations that will affect the project

Surface prep tests and coating tests

1. Wet film thickness 2. Dry film thickness 3. Holiday detection 4. Holiday detection 5. Psychrometer
6. Testex tape

Documentation types

1. Daily reports 2. Inspection log 3. Routine reports

Characteristics of a good report

Accurate statements of fact that are complete, clear and concise

Inspectors responsibility pertaining to project specifications

Perform as part of an effective team to ensure spec. is followed as written or formally amended to
document the results

Info on product data sheet

1. Technical characteristics 2. Product performance

Type of info on MSDS

1. Toxicity 2. PPE 3. Reactivity 4. Storage 5. Disposal 6. Spill handling

SSPC-SP6/NACE 3 limits staining to _______per each unit area

No more than 33%