Readings in the Philippine History

MODULE 6
LESSON 1: Biography of a prominent Filipino

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

Identify the different Filipino heroines who changed and contribute to the
Philippine History
Able to research a biography of different prominent Filipino and analyze their
contributions in the Philippine history

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DISCUSSION

Of course Jose Rizal is a given as the national hero. And then there’s
Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Aguinaldo, and Emilio Jacinto. Perhaps even throw in
Antonio Luna thanks to successful historical film “Heneral Luna” (2015).

The Philippines does not have an official list of national heroes. While there has
been an attempt to come up with one, legislators deferred finalizing a list to
avoid a deluge of proclamations and debates “involving historical controversies
about heroes.” Still, textbooks and flashcards don’t hesitate to ingrain their
names in our minds. It’s interesting how these historical figures all breed the
same familiarity as superheroes, with students already knowing their names
and achievements by heart by the time they reach high school.

Pre - Activity

Aside from Rizal, the National Hero of the Philippines, enumerate at

least 2 of your favorite Prominent People in our country and identify
their greatest contributions that makes History in the Philippines.

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_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
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Thinking about the personalities, you can’t help but notice a pattern: they’re
mostly men who fit into the typical hero mold of machismo and valor. While
history books often devote entire chapters to the adventures and achievements

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of male heroes, our female heroines are often bunched into one section, treated
as footnotes or afterthoughts despite also fighting for the nation’s freedom.

In time for Independence Day, CNN Philippines Life lists five brave Filipino
heroines whose actions deserve to be remembered. These women are more than
just tokens for female representation. Remember their names and their
achievements, so that the next time someone asks, you’ll be ready.

5 Filipino heroines who changed Philippine history

https://cnnphilippines.com/life/culture/2017/06/07/5-filipino-heroines.html
Written by Gaby Gloria

Gabriela Silang (1731-1763)

Gabriela Silang is perhaps the most well-known among all the Filipino heroines,
but she is almost always mentioned in tandem with her husband, Diego. Since
their achievements are usually written about together, many forget that she had
her own fair share of heroic acts as “the first Filipina to lead an uprising against
a foreign power.” Silang was a fearless Ilocaña warrior who assumed her
husband’s role as commander of rebel troops after his assassination in 1763.
She rallied fighting forces (including the native Itneg people) to carry on the war
against Spain in their home province of Ilocos, launching guerrilla attacks
against Spanish garrisons — attacks that caused Spanish soldiers to fear her
name.

For her final battles at the liberation of Vigan, she led over 2,000 men to go
against an army of over 6,000 Spanish soldiers backed by a powerful artillery.
The battle proved unsuccessful for the General, so she and 80 remaining troops
retreated to unexplored regions of Abra, where they were eventually captured.
The Spanish made her witness the public executions of her men before publicly
hanging the General herself in September 1763. Despite the loss, Gabriela
Silang is still recognized for her immense courage in fighting for the
independence of Ilocos.

Trivia: Gabriela Silang was widowed twice in her lifetime. At 20, she was forced
to marry a wealthy old man who passed away after three years. It was after his
death that she met Diego Silang, who was a mail carrier at the time.

Tandang Sora (1812-1919)

More than just a road in Quezon City, Tandang Sora, whose real name is
Melchora Aquino, was fondly called the Mother of the Revolution. She was a

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single mother who managed the farm left by her deceased husband while
raising her six children. Tandang Sora earned her nickname after taking care of
Andres Bonifacio and other Katipuneros in 1896, risking her life as she
provided them with food and nursed the wounded. Her bravery was best
displayed after she was arrested by Spanish authorities, who subjected her to
grueling interrogations in hopes that she would reveal the location of the
Katipunan hideout. She refused to give in and was deported to Guam under the
decree of Governor General Ramon Blanco.

Trivia: Tandang Sora was the first Filipina to be featured on the Philippine

peso. Her portrait graced the ₱100 bill from the English series from 1951 to
1966.

Teresa Magbanua (1868-1947)

Known as the Visayan Joan of Arc, Teresa Magbanua was originally a teacher
who received a degree in education from a school in Manila. She married a
wealthy businessman who owned large plots of land, which she helped
cultivate. During this time, she developed her skills in horseback riding and
marksmanship.

Upon learning that her brothers joined the uprising against the Spaniards, she
persuaded her uncle, General Perfecto Poblador, to let her join the Katipunan’s
women’s chapter in Panay as an experienced horse rider and marksman. The
General agreed, making Magbanua the first and only woman to lead troops in
the Visayas during the revolution. Her patriotic spirit helped her successfully
lead a group of bolo troops during the Battle of Barrio Yoting and the Battle of
Sapong Hills, which were instrumental to the liberation of IloIlo City. Later on,
she joined the guerrilla forces in fighting against the Americans in Jaro, IloIlo.
She continued to fight for the country’s independence until the Japanese
occupation, when she sold all her belongings to help fund the guerilla
movement.

Trivia: Magbanua is one of the few who fought for the Philippines against all of
the country’s main aggressors: Spain, the United States, and Japan.

Josefa Llanes Escoda (1898-1945)

Pictured as a smiling face clad in a Filipiniana outfit, Escoda is one of the two
women to appear on the current series of Philippine peso notes. This honor
does not go without merit, as she was a certified social worker, suffragette, civic
leader, and war heroine. As the eldest of seven children, she had to help her

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mother take care of her siblings after the death of her father in 1918, all while
studying to obtain a high school teacher’s certificate from the University of the
Philippines.

Escoda went to the United States several times to further help with her social
work. After graduating, she trained in social welfare at the New York School of
Social Work. During that stay, she also represented the Philippines in speaking
engagements in the International House and the Women’s International League
for Peace. Her second visit to the U.S., which was meant for Boy Scout training,
she used to train young women teachers from the public and private sector to
become Girl Scout leaders.
When World War II broke out, Escoda’s involvement in aiding prisoners of war
and stranded women and children led to her arrest, torture, and eventual
execution at the hands of the Japanese.

Trivia: As an active member of the suffrage movement of the Philippines, Josefa

Llanes Escoda was quoted as saying that “The modern woman is no longer the
wife that clings; she now helps the husband. The women’s demand for
independence is motivated by their desire to help their husbands in
governmental affairs which always required the moderation and wisdom of
women.”

Magdalena Leones (1921-2016)

Having passed away only last year, Cpl. Magdalena Leones remains to be one of
the lesser-known World War II veterans, even though she is the only Asian
woman to have been awarded the Silver Star in World War II by the United
States. Born in the mountains of Kalinga, Leones was the daughter of an
evangelical missionary. Since she refused to surrender after the Fall of Bataan,
she was imprisoned for five months. During this time, she taught herself how to
speak Niponggo, a skill she utilized to help save the lives of other Filipinos
captured by the Japanese.

After encountering Colonel Russel Volckman of the United States Armed Forces
in the Philippines-North Luzon (USAFIP-NL), she agreed to serve as a special
agent. Using her church connections and her Niponggo-speaking skills, she was
able to carry “important intelligence data, vital radio parts, and medical
supplies” through Japanese-held territory. Though she knew that capture could
result in torture and execution, she powered through and continued to serve
her country, earning her the monicker of “the lioness of Filipino guerilla
agents.”

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Trivia: Magdalena Leones was caught several times, but was able to escape
each time due to her wits and sweet talk.

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SELF CHECK Direction: Identify the given statement, Chose among

the given choices below.

Gabriela Silang Josefa Llanes Escoda Teresa

Magbanua

Magdalena Leones Tandang Sora

_______________1. Her real name is Melchora Aquino, was fondly called the Mother of
the evolution.

_______________2. One of the lesser-known World War II veterans, even though she is
the only Asian woman to have been awarded the Silver Star
in World War II by the United States.

_______________3. She is one of the two women to appear on the current series of
Philippine peso notes.

_______________4. She is the first and only woman to lead troops in the Visayas
during the revolution

_______________5. The most well-known among all the Filipino heroines, but she is
almost always mentioned in tandem with her husband.

_______________6. She taught herself how to speak Niponggo, a skill she utilized to
help save the lives of other Filipinos captured by the
Japanese.

_______________7. She used to train young women teachers from the public and
private sector to become Girl Scout leaders.

_______________8. Earned her nickname after taking care of Andres Bonifacio and
other Katipuneros in 1896, risking her life as she provided
them with food and nursed the wounded.

_______________9. She rallied fighting forces to carry on the war against Spain in their
home province of Ilocos, launching guerrilla attacks against
Spanish garrisons.

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______________10. She continued to fight for the country’s independence until the
Japanese occupation, when she sold all her belongings to
help fund the guerilla movement.

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ENRICHMENT
ACTIVITIES

Activity 1: Aside from the given Biography information of the 5

women heroines, Chose prominent Filipino personalities that
gives an impact and contributes to the History of our Country,
then research about them and create a simple and short
biography. Either men or women, and at least (5) personalities.

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SUGGESTD READINGS AND REFERENCES:

https://www.esquiremag.ph/the-good-life/what-she-wants/filipino-heroines-
to-know-a1868-20190826-lfrm2

https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/810356/inquirerseven-lesser-known-filipino-
heroines

http://affinitymagazine.us/2017/03/10/forgotten-filipino-heroines-that-
shaped-history/

https://www.buzzfeed.com/mattortile/27-filipinos-that-make-you-proud-to-be-
pinoy

https://www.m2social.net/blog/25-world-class-filipinos-who-took-over-the-
globe-in-the-21st-century/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Filipino_Americans

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MODULE 6
LESSON 2: Institutional History

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

Able to locate and connect the institutional history of the following; schools
and corporations.
Develop and formulate output regarding different institutional histories, with
the used of identifying historical text, primary and secondary sources,
content and contextual analysis, and internal and external criticism

____________________________________________________________________________________

Institutional History

The Institutional History of School

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Institutional History of Corporation

ABS-CBN CORPORATION
Mario Alvaro Limos

ABS-CBN's history left indelible marks in Philippine culture and society.

ABS-CBN is one of the few extant postwar organizations that helped revive and
rebuild what was left of the tattered Philippine economy after World War II. It
traces its roots to 1946 when James Lindenberg founded Bolinao Electronics
Corporation or BEC, which became a radio broadcasting company in 1949.

In 1952, Lindenberg partnered with Antonio Quirino, brother of then President

Elpidio Quirino, to venture into television broadcasting. They changed BEC’s
name to Alto Broadcasting Corporation or ABS, with “Alto” being a contraction
of Antonio Quirino's and his wife, Aleli's, names.

In 1957, Eugenio Lopez Sr., owner of Chronicle Broadcasting Network, acquired

ABS and merged the two companies as ABS-CBN. Through the years, the
network has made indelible marks in Philippine history with the following
milestones.

1953
ABS aired a party after setting up a transmitter tower in San Juan and
importing 300 TV sets on October 23. Co-owner Antonio Quirino hosted the
party at his home in Sitio Alto, San Juan. It was the first television broadcast of
the company.

1957
Eugenio H. Lopez Sr., owner of Chronicle Broadcasting Network (CBN), acquires
ABS on February 24. He renames the network ABS-CBN.

1961
Eugenio “Geny” Lopez, Jr. (ELJ) links the Visayas to the network with his
dream of “Bridges on the Air.” ABS-CBN aired its initial telecast of DYCB-TV
Channel 3 Cebu on June 14.

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1966
ABS-CBN brought color to Philippine television after ELJ forged an agreement
between Radio Corporation of America and ABS-CBN to establish the first color
TV broadcast in the country.

1967
ABS-CBN became the first network to do comprehensive coverage of the
national elections. It aired the first marathon election coverage on November 14.
“Halalan ’67” aired poll results and updates for 36 hours straight.

1968
For the first time, the network used live satellite transmissions from abroad,
giving the Philippines access to international news and current events as they
happened around the world. Through satellite transmissions, it was able to
broadcast the funeral of Robert Kennedy in June and the U.S. presidential
elections.

1969
Thanks to ABS-CBN, Filipinos were able to watch the live transmission of the
first Moon landing straight from the NASA headquarters. It delivered its “Man
on the Moon” coverage, the country’s first live telecast of an event via satellite.

1970
The network wanted to bring more color to television, so it expanded color
programming to eight hours a week. It became the most “colorful” television
station in the Philippines. Until the mid-1970s, it was the only network
broadcasting in color.

1972
ABS-CBN and its affiliate stations were shut down and its owners forcibly
ejected by dictator Ferdinand Marcos after he placed the country under martial
law.

1986
On September 16, ABS-CBN resumed broadcasting.

1987
Five months after resuming operations, ABS-CBN quickly became the number
one network in the Philippines after remaining at the bottom of ratings during
the forcible takeover of the network by Marcos’ cronies during martial law.

TV Patrol also aired its first broadcast.

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1988
ABS-CBN started its first broadcast through a domestic satellite system, the
first in the Philippines. 

1991
The Talent Center is established to develop a stable of new stars for the
network.
1992
Regional stations begin producing programs anchored on localized news
delivered in the local language in various regions. The strategy paid off, with
ABS-CBN solidifying its viewership in the provinces.

1994
Eugenio Lopez III was named ABS-CBN president, while Eugenio Lopez Jr.
became chairman. The Filipino Channel (TFC) was launched in April.

1996
In May, ABS-CBN launched the Sarimanok News Network, later renamed ABS-
CBN News Channel (ANC).

1997
Eugenio Lopez III became chairman and CEO of ABS-CBN. The network also
put up Bantay Bata 163, which continues to make significant strides in the
fight against child abuse.

1998
ABS-CBN penetrates nearly all Filipino households, reaching 97 percent of the
country’s homes that have television.

1999
The network maintained a 93-percent penetration rate of TV households
through a network of 35 TV stations and 2,000 affiliates. In the same year, the
network embarked on digitalization, which was masterfully spearheaded by
then head of digital transformation, Carlo Katigbak.

2002
In June, the ABS-CBN International division became a wholly-owned subsidiary
as ABS-CBN Global Limited. This made the network the Philippines' leading
international broadcasting company. It helped cement its reputation abroad as
among the most visible and respected stations in the Philippines. 

 2006

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ABS-CBN ended the year with a 42.7 percent audience share nationwide,
making it the leading network in the country.

2007
ABS-CBN merged its radio and television media when it launched the DZMM
TeleRadyo cable TV channel.

2008
In 2008, Charo Santos-Concio became the company’s fifth president.

In the same year, the network embraced full digitalization and said goodbye to
the reel by going tapeless in its TV production in and out of the studios.  
2009
ABS-CBN sent shockwaves around the world when it broke the news about
the Maguindanao Massacre. The world learned about the Maguindanao
Massacre through Boto Mo, I-Patrol Mo, wherein a Boto Patroller first sent a
photo from the crime scene to the network. ANC was the first media
organization to report the news.

2010
The network generated an unprecedented profit of P3.2 billion, double the net
income it posted in 2009. In the same year, the network changed its corporate
name from ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation to ABS-CBN Corporation. It
dropped “Broadcasting” in recognition of changes in the way it delivered its
content.

ABS-CBN also introduced the use of augmented reality in broadcasting during

its coverage of “Halalan 2010,” which was also the first automated elections in
the Philippines.

2012
The company launched Jeepney TV on SKY. The channel generated huge
interest thanks to reruns of its programs during the 1990s. In the same year,
the company launched online platforms iWantv and TFC.tv so people can
stream its programs outside of primetime. These gave viewers unprecedented
control on when and where to watch the network’s programs.  

ABS-CBN also acquired Destiny Cable through its subsidiary Sky. The
acquisition cemented the network’s hold as the leading cable TV service
provider in the Philippines.

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2014
 In 2014, ABS-CBN received the highest credit rating from Philippine Rating
Services Corp. (PhilRatings) for its proposed P10 billion bond issuance. It also
bagged a Gold Stevie Award for Favorite Company in the Media &
Entertainment category, Services Company of the Year category, and Woman of
the Year category (for then president and CEO Charo Santos-Concio).

Additionally, the Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster ng Pilipinas (KBP) honored

ABS-CBN chairman Eugenio Lopez III with the Lifetime Achievement Award at
the 22nd Golden Dove Awards.

Capping the year, the company launched the ABS-CBN University, which is a
corporate university that provides practical business knowledge, managerial
competencies, and task-oriented education for its talents and employees.
2015
ABS-CBN became the first Philippine station to air free high-definition
broadcasting through ABS-CBN HD. In December, Katigbak was appointed
chief operating officer of ABS-CBN. A year later, he also became its president.
It was also the year when ABS-CBN launched TV Plus.

2018
It was a breakthrough year for the network's digital efforts.

ABS-CBN News became the only Philippine website recognized among the
world’s top 25 publishers on Facebook.

The network also reached 10 million subscribers on YouTube. It received the

YouTube Diamond Creator Award for being the first YouTube channel in the
Philippines to reach 10 million subscribers. By December, its YouTube channel
had three billion views.

HR Asia Media also recognized ABS-CBN as one of the "Best Companies to

Work for in Asia." The company also won the international Gold Quill Award for
outstanding TV studio audience experience

Sales of TV Plus boxes reach five million.

2019
The network expands into Hollywood TV production and partnered with Dean
Devlin’s Electric Entertainment in September.

It also broke Philippine film records when Star Cinema’s Hello, Love,

Goodbye made history as highest-grossing Philippine film of all time, raking in

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P880.6 million worldwide. The next five highest-grossing films in the Philippines
are also produced by ABS-CBN.
Sales of TV Plus reached 8 million. 

2020
ABS-CBN is forced to go off the air.

On May 5, 2020, ABS-CBN, the Philippines' largest broadcasting company, shut

down. It was forced to sign off the airwaves after the Duterte government
refused to renew its license and ordered its shutdown amid the COVID-19
pandemic. 

Katigak appeared during the telecast of TV Patrol and delivered a powerful and

moving speech announcing the network's shutdown. The president and
CEO held back tears as he expressed his sadness about the shutdown and the
uncertainty facing the network's 11,000 employees. He also appealed to the
public to express their sentiments and make themselves heard. "This time
around, we are the ones asking for your help," he said.
Carlo Katigbak's Speech on May 5, 2020 Before ABS-CBN's Shutdown

_____________________________________________________________________________________

SELF CHECK Direction: Read and identify the following statement,

write FACT if the statement is true and correct then write
BLUFF if the statement is wrong and false.

____________1. When Quirino was weaned from its mother province in 1972, a
municipal resolution change the name of the school into QNAS.

____________2. Mr. Samuel O. Benigno was seated as the first president of the Quirino
State College.

____________3. QSC pursued to become a provicial Agriculture Center, one of the

satellites of the national Agricultural Research Training
Development Institute.

____________4. Ocotber 19, 2012, has already signed the bill converting QSC into QSU.

____________5. Professor Herbert W. Ockerman of Ohio State University donated one

20-footer conatiner van filled with books.

____________6. ABS-CBN News became the only Philippine website recognized among
the world’s top 25 publishers on Facebook, last 2015.

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____________7. ABS-CBN chairman Charito Santos awarded the Lifetime Achievement

Award at the 22nd Golden Dove Awards.

____________8. On May 5, 2020, ABS-CBN, the Philippines' largest broadcasting

company, shut down.

____________9.The next five highest-grossing films in the Philippines are also produced
by ABS-CBN.
____________10. The network also put up Bantay Bata 163, which continues to make
significant strides in the fight against child abuse.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

ENRICHMENT
ACTIVITIES
____________________________________________________________________
Activity: Based from the given examples of the _________
_______ institutional history of the school and corporation,
research and develop your own institutional history of
corporation and religion or sect in the Philippines.
Applying the primary and secondary sources, content
SUGGESTD and contextual anlysis, identifying historical text and
READINGS AND adopting the authors point of view.
REFERENCES:

https://www.stopthinkconnect.org/about/institutional-history

https://www.abs-cbn.com/who-we-are/our-story

https://www.esquiremag.ph/long-reads/features/abs-cbn-history-and-
milestones-a00293-20200506-lfrm2

https://abscbnfoundation.org/about/history

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