Formation of differential Equations

Formation of differential equation means to form the differential equation in x, y of n-th order
from its complete primitive or general solution by eliminating n arbitrary constants.
Problem 01: Eliminate the constants from y  ax  bx 2 .
Solution:
We have
y  ax  bx 2 (i)
Differentiating both sides of (i) with respect to x we get the following
dy dy
 a  2bx  a   2bx
dx dx
Again, differentiating above equation w.r to x we get the following
d2y 1 d2y dy d2y
 2b  b  .  a   x
dx 2 2 dx 2 dx dx 2
Putting the value of ' a ' and ' b ' in the above equation (i ) we get the desired differential
equation.
 dy d2y   1 d2y 
y    x 2  x   . 2  x2
 dx dx   2 dx 
2
dy 2 d y x2 d 2 y
yx x  .
dx dx 2 2 dx 2
dy x 2 d 2 y
yx 
dx 2 dx 2
dy d2y
2 y  2x  x2 2
dx dx
2
d y dy
x 2 2  2 x  2 y  0 (As desired)
dx dx
Problem 02: From the differential equation of which c  y  c   x 3 is the complete
2

Integral.
Or Derive the differential equation of which c  y  c   x 3 is a solution.
2

Solution:
Given that,
c  y  c   x3
2
(i )
Differentiating both sides of (i) with respect to x we get the following
dy
2c  y  c    3x 2 (ii )
dx
Dividing the equation (i) by the equation (ii) we get
y c x

dy 3
2
dx
2 x dy
y c  
3 dx
2 x dy
c  y
3 dx
M.A.Halim, Lecturer (Mathematics), DIU Page 1
Putting the value of ‘c’ in the equation (ii), we get
 2 x dy    2 x dy   dy
2   yy     y     3x 2
 3 dx    3 dx   dx
 2 x dy  2 x dy  dy
2   yy    y  3x 2
 3 dx  3 dx  dx
 2 x dy   2 x dy  dy
2   y     3x 2
 3 dx   3 dx  dx
2
 4 x dy  2 x  dy 
   2 y       3x 2
 3 dx  3  dx 
3 2
8 x 2  dy  4 xy  dy 
       3x 2
9  dx  3  dx 
3 2
8x2  dy   dy 
 8 x    12 y    27 x (As desired)
9  dx   dx 
Problem 03: Find the differential equation from the relation y  A cos x  B sin x where A and
B are arbitrary constants.
Solution:
We have
y  A cos x  B sin x (i )
Differentiating both sides of (i) with respect to x we get the following
dy
 A   sin x   B cos x
dx
dy
  A sin x  B cos x
dx
dy
 B cos x  A sin x
dx
Again, differentiating above equation w.r to x we get the following
d2y
 B   sin x   A cos x
dx 2
d2y
  B sin x  A cos x
dx 2
d2y
   A cos x  B sin x 
dx 2
d2y
 y [ By equation (i ) ]
dx 2
d2y
 y  0 (As desired)
dx 2
Problem 04: Find the differential equation of the family of curves y  Ae2 x  Be2 x , for
different values of A and B.
Solution:
Given that,
y  Ae2 x  Be2 x (i )
Differentiating both sides of (i) with respect to x we get the following

M.A.Halim, Lecturer (Mathematics), DIU Page 2

 dy
 2 Ae 2 x  B (2e 2 x )
dx
dy
 2 Ae 2 x  2 Be 2 x
dx
Again, differentiating above equation w.r to x we get the following
d2y
dx 2   
 2 A 2e2 x  2 B 2e2 x 
d2y
 4 Ae2 x  4 Be 2 x
dx 2
d2y
dx 2  
 4 Ae 2 x  Be 2 x

d2y
 4y [ By equation (i ) ]
dx 2
d2y
 4 y  0 (As desired)
dx 2
Problem 05: Find the differential equation of the family of curves y  e x  A cos x  B sin x  ,
where A and B are arbitrary constants.
Solution:
We have
y  e x  A cos x  B sin x 
y e x  A cos x  B sin x (i)
Differentiating both sides of (i) with respect to x we get the following
dy
y ex  ex   A   sin x   B cos x
dx
dy
y ex  ex    A sin x  B cos x
dx
dy
y ex  ex   B cos x  A sin x
dx
Again, differentiating above equation w.r to x we get the following
dy x dy x d 2 y
y e  e   e   e  2  B   sin x   A cos x
x x

dx dx dx
2
dy d y
y e x  2e x   e x  2   B sin x  A cos x
dx dx
dy d2y
y e x  2e x   e x  2    A cos x  B sin x 
dx dx
dy d2y
y e x  2e x   e x  2   y e x [ By equation (i ) ]
dx dx
dy d 2 y
y  2  2  y
dx dx
2
d y dy
2
2  y y  0
dx dx

M.A.Halim, Lecturer (Mathematics), DIU Page 3

 d2y dy
2
 2  2y  0
dx dx
This is the required differential equation.
Problem 06: Show that A x 2  B y 2  1 is the solution of the differential equation

 d 2 y  dy  
2
 dy
xy 2     y .
 dx  dx  
  dx
Solution:
We have
A x2  B y 2  1 (i )
Differentiating both sides of (i) with respect to x we get the following
dy
2 A x  2B y 0
dx
dy
Ax B y 0 (ii )
dx
Again, differentiating above equation w.r to x we get the following
 d 2 y dy dy 
A B y 2  .   0
 dx dx dx 
Multiplying above equation by x we get
 d 2 y dy dy 
Ax  B x y 2  .   0
 dx dx dx 

 d 2 y  dy  
2

A x  B x y 2      0 (iii)
 dx  dx  
 
Now subtracting equation (ii) from equation (iii) we find,
 d 2 y  dy 2 
   dy 
A x  B x y 2     A x  B y   0
 dx  dx  
   dx 
 d 2 y  dy 2 
  dy
B x y 2     B y 0

 dx  dx  
 dx

 d 2 y  dy  
2
 dy
B x y 2      B y
 dx  dx  
  dx

 d 2 y  dy  
2
 dy
xy 2     y (Showed)
 dx  dx  
  dx
Problem 07: Find the differential equation of which y  A  B ln x  c  ln x   3x 2 is an explicit
2

solution.
Solution:
We have
y  A  B ln x  c  ln x   3x 2
2
(i )
Differentiating both sides of (i) with respect to x until the arbitrary constant removed.
dy 1 1
 0  B.  2c ln x.  6 x
dx x x

M.A.Halim, Lecturer (Mathematics), DIU Page 4

 dy
x  B  2c ln x  6 x 2
dx
Again differentiating,
d2y dy 1
x 2
 1.  0  2c.  12 x
dx dx x
2
d y dy
x2 2  x  2c  12 x 2
dx dx
Again differentiating,
d3y d2y d 2 y dy
x 2
 2x 2  x 2   0  24 x
dx3 dx dx dx
d3y d 2 y dy
x 2 3  3x 2   24 x
dx dx dx
Which is the required differential equation. (As desired)
Problem 08: Find the differential equation of the solution xy  Ae  Be x  x 2 .
x

Solution:
We have
xy  Ae x  Be x  x 2 (i)
Differentiating both sides of (i) with respect to x until the arbitrary constant removed.
dy
x  1. y  Ae x  Be  x  2 x
dx
Again differentiating,
d2y dy dy
x 2
 1.   Ae x  Be x  2
dx dx dx
2
d y dy dy
x 2    Ae x  Be x  2
dx dx dx
2
d y dy
x 2  2  Ae x  Be  x  2
dx dx
2
x 2  2   xy  x 2   2
d y dy
[Using (i)]
dx dx
d2y dy
x 2  2  xy  x 2  2
dx dx
(As desired)
Problem 09: Show that the solution of  4 xy  3 y 2
 x  dx  x( x  2 y )dy  0 is
x 3  4 xy  4 y 2  x   c ,where c is a constant.
Solution:
We have
x3  4 xy  4 y 2  x   c (i )
4 x 4 y  4 x3 y 2  x 4  c
Differentiating both sides of (i) with respect to x, we get
dy dy
16 x 3 y  4 x 4 .  12 x 2 y 2  8 x 3 y.  4 x 3  0
dx dx

M.A.Halim, Lecturer (Mathematics), DIU Page 5

 dy dy
4 x3 y  x 4 .  3 x 2 y 2  2 x 3 y.  x 3  0
dx dx
4 x ydx  x .dy  3x y dx  2 x3 y.dy  x3dx  0
3 4 2 2

4 x3 ydx  3x 2 y 2 dx  x3dx  x 4 .dy  2 x3 y.dy  0

 4 x y  3x y  x  dx   x  2 x y  dy  0
3 2 2 3 4 3

2
x  4 xy  3 y  x  dx  x  x  2 y  dy  0
2 3

 4 xy  3 y  x  dx  x  x  2 y  dy  0
2

Hence x 3  4 xy  4 y  x   c is the solution of  4 xy  3 y

2 2
 x  dx  x  x  2 y  dy  0 .
(As desired)
Problem 10: From the differential equation of which y  ae  be x  c cos x  d sin x is ax

solution.
Solution:
We have
y  ae x  be x  c cos x  d sin x (i )
Differentiating both sides of (i) with respect to x until the arbitrary constant removed.
dy
 ae x  be  x  c sin x  d cos x
dx
Again differentiating,
d2y
2
 ae x  be x  c cos x  d sin x
dx
Again differentiating,
d3y
3
 ae x  be x  c sin x  d cos x
dx
d4y
4
 ae x  be x  c cos x  d sin x
dx
d4y
y [Using (i)]
dx 4
d4y
y0
dx 4
Which is the required differential equation.
(As desired)
Problem 11: Find the differential equation in its simplest form from the relation
1  x2  1  y 2  a  x  y  .
Solution:
We have
1  x2  1  y 2  a  x  y  (i)
Differentiating both sides of (i) with respect to x, we get
1 1 dy  dy 
  2 x     2 y  .  a 1  
2 1 x 2
2 1 y 2 dx  dx 

M.A.Halim, Lecturer (Mathematics), DIU Page 6

 x y dy  dy 
 .  a 1  
1 x 2
1 y 2 dx  dx 
 x y dy   dy 
  .   a 1   (ii)
 1  x2 1  y 2 dx   dx 

Dividing the equation (i) by (ii) to eliminate a, we get
1  x2  1  y 2 a  x  y

 x dy   dy 
 
y
.  a 1  
 1  x2 1  y 2 dx   dx 

1  x2  1  y 2

 x  y
 x dy   dy 
 
y
.  1  
 1  x2 1  y 2 dx   dx 

1  x2  1  y 2

 x  y
 x dy   dy 
 
y
.    1
 1  x2 1  y 2 dx   dx 

 x dy 
 dy 
  1
 dx 
 
1  x2  1  y 2   x  y  
 1  x2


y
. 
1  y 2 dx 

 x2 dy 
dy
dx
 
1  x2  1  y 2  1  x2  1  y 2  
 1  x2


xy dy
. 
1  y 2 dx
xy
1  x2

y2
. 
1  y 2 dx 
 x 2  xy xy  y 2 dy 
dy
dx
 
1  x2  1  y 2  1  x2  1  y 2  
 1  x2


1  y
. 
2 dx 

dy
dx

1  x2  1  y 2  
xy  y 2 dy
.  1  x2  1  y 2  
1  y 2 dx
 x 2  xy 
 1 x 
2


dy  xy  y 2  x 2  xy
 1 x  1 y 
2 2
  1 x  1 y 
2 2

dx  1  y 2  1  x2


dy  1  x 2 1  y 2  1  y 2   xy  y 2  1  x 2   1  x 2 1  y 2  x 2  xy

dx  1 y2  1  x2
 
dy  1  x 2 1  y 2  1  xy  1  1  x 2 1  y 2  xy
 
dx  1 y2  1  x2
 
dy  1  1
 
dx  1 y 2 
1  x2


M.A.Halim, Lecturer (Mathematics), DIU Page 7

dy 1 y2
 , This is the required differential equations.
dx 1  x2
(As desired)

Short Questions
Find differential equations of:
1. All parabolas having their axes parallel to y-axis.
2. All the circles having a constant radius “a”.
3. The system of circles having a constant radius “a” and having their Centre’s on the x-
axis.
4. All circles passing through the origin and having their Centre’s on the x-axis.
5. All straight lines passing through the origin.
6. All parabolas each of which has a latus rectum 4a and whose axes are parallel to x-axis.
7. All tangent lines to a parabola.
8. All conics whose axes coincide with axes of coordinate.
Board Questions
Type 01:
From differential equations for the given following functions:
1. r  a(1  cos  )
2. r 2  a 2 cos 2
3. ( x  h)2  4a( y  k )
A
4. v   B
r
b
5. y  ax 
x
6. y  e  A sin x  B cos x 
x

7. y  e x  A sin 2 x  B cos 2 x 
8. y  Ae3 x  Be2 x  sin 5x
x2 y 2
9.  1
a 2 b2
10. xy  ae x  be x
11. y  a cos( x   )
Type 02:
1. Show that the differential equation of a concentric circles having the centres at the
origin is xdx  ydy  0 . Interpret the result geometrically.
2. Prove that the differential equation of all circles touching the x-axis at the origin is
 x2  y 2  dy  2 xydx  0 .
3. Show that the differential equation of the family of circles x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 is
1  y  y
2
1 3  3 y1 y22  0 .
4. Verify that y  x  1  0 is a solution of the differential equation  y  x  dy   y 2  x 2  dx  0
.

M.A.Halim, Lecturer (Mathematics), DIU Page 8

 A d 2V 2 dV
5. Show that V   B is a solution of the differential equation  .  0.
r dr 2 r dr
6. Find the differential equation of the straight lines y  ax .
7. Find the differential equation eliminating a, b, c from the relation ax  by  c  0 .
8. Find the differential equation of parabola y  ax 2  bx  c where a, b, c are constants.
9. Eliminate c from the relation x3  y  c 2   c  0 .
10. Eliminate a and b from y  a tan 1 x  b .
11. Obtain the differential equation of the family of curves y  e x  A cos x  B sin x  .
d2y
12. Show that the general solution of the differential equation  y  0 is
dx 2
y  A cos x  B sin x .
13. Find the differential equation associated with the primitive x  a cos t  b sin t .
14. Obtain the differential equation corresponding to y  ae3x  be x .
15. Show that x3  3xy 2  1 is an implicit solution of the differential equation
dy
2 xy  x 2  y 2  0 on the interval 0  x  1 .
dx
16. Show that every function f ( x ) defined by f ( x)   x 3  c  e 3 x where c is the arbitrary
dy
constant, is a solution of the differential equation  3 y  3x 2 e 3 x .
dx
dy
17. Show that the first order differential equation  y  1  0 has no real solutions.
dx
MCQ Questions
1. y  cx  c 2 is the general solution of the differential equation.
a.  y    xy   y  0
2
b. y   0 c. y  c d.  y 
2
 xy  y  0
2.The differential equation governing the solutions y ( x)  5 x  c where c is an arbitrary
constant.
a. y  5 x  c
2
b. yy   5 2.5 d. yy  2.5
c. y 
5x  c
2
 dx  1
3.The differential equation    5 y  x is
3

 
dy
a. linear of degree 2 b.non-linear of order 1 and c.non-linear of order 1 and d.none of these
degree 2 degree 6
4. The equation y2 = cx is general solution of :
2y 2x x y
a. y  b. y  c. y  d. y 
x y 2y 2x
5.The differential equation whose solution is Ax
2
 By 2  1 where A and B are constants is of
a.first order and second b. first order and first c. second order and first d. second order and
degree degree degree second degree

M.A.Halim, Lecturer (Mathematics), DIU Page 9

 4
d3y  dy  d4y
6.The degree of the differential equation  x    4 log is
dx 3  dx  dx 4
a.1 b.3 c.4 d.None of these
7. The order of the differential equation satisfying 1  x 4  1  y 4  a ( x 2  y 2 ) is
a.1 b.2 c.3 d.None of these
3
 d4y  d3y
5 d2y dy
8. The degree of the differential equation  4 
 5 3  6 2  8  5  0 is
 dx  dx dx dx
a.2 b.3 c.4 d.5
2
 dy   dy 
9.A solution of differential equation    x    y  0 is
 dx   dx 
a. y2 b. y  2 x c. y  2 x  4 d. y  2 x2  4
10.Differential equation of y  sec  tan 1 x 


a. 1  x 2  dy
dx
 y xc 
b. 1  x 2  dy
dx
 yxc 
c. 1  x 2  dy
dx
 xy  c 
d. 1  x 2  dy x
 c
dx y
2

11.The degree of the differential equation 1  3   4

dy 3 d3y
are
 dx  dx3
a.(1,2) b.(3,1) c.(3,3) d. None of these

M.A.Halim, Lecturer (Mathematics), DIU Page 10