سمينار 1

‫‪IMMUNIZATION‬‬
‫أعداد الطالب ‪:‬‬

‫مرتضى جمال عباس‬
‫سجاد مازن توفيق‬
‫حسيه حيدر عاجة‬
‫يحيى دمحم عبد االمير‬
‫األستاذ المشرف ‪:‬‬

‫ست أوـــــــــس‬
Introduction
 The word Immunity means to be protect or resistant
against infection" it is a trial to prevent or to modify
natural infections either actively or passively by
administration of antigen or an antibody
 Immunization is a process of protecting an

individual from a diseases through introduction of
live, killed, or attenuated organism in the individual
system. Immunization against preventable disease
is essential to reduce the child mortality, morbidity
and handicapped.
 Vaccination: The act of introducing a vaccine into
the body to produce protection from a specific
disease.
 Vaccine: A preparation that is used to stimulate the
body’s immune response against diseases.
 Antibody: A protein, found mostly in serum, that is
formed in response to exposure to a specific
antigen.
 Antigen: A variety of foreign substances, including
bacteria, viruses, toxins, and foreign proteins, that
stimulate the formation of antibodies.
How Does Vaccines Work?
Types of Immunity
1. Active Immunity: Immune bodies are actively
formed against specific antigens, either naturally by
having had the disease clinically or artificially by
introducing the antigen into the individual.
2. Passive Immunity: Temporary immunity by
transfusing immune globulins or antitoxins either
artificially from another human or from an animal that
has been actively immunized against an antigen or
naturally from the mother to the fetus via the placenta.
3. Herd immunity is a form of indirect protection from
an infectious disease, and it occurs when a large
proportion of the population acquires immunity to a
particular infection ,either through previous infection or
vaccination which provides protection for individuals
who do not have immunity to the disease
Immunizing Agents
Vaccines Toxoid Anti-sera Immune Globulin
It is bacterial poison blood serum gamma globulin : is a

Weakened, that is no longer containing substance made from
Killed, active but retains monoclonal or human blood plasma
Fragmented, the property of Polyclonal contains antibodies
Micro- combining with Antibodies that protect the body
organisms or stimulating that is used to against diseases
the formation of spread passive
antibodies immunity
Route of Administration Vaccines
Side Effects of Vaccines
Side effects after getting vaccine may appear from day
to several days , some time there is no side effect .
Sign and symptoms
Pain, swelling, or redness where the shot was given
Mild fever Muscle and joint aches
Chills Difficulty breathing
Feeling tired Swelling of your face and throat
Headache A bad rash all over your body
anorexia diarrhea
constipation Dizziness and weakness

Benefits of Immunization
1. Immunizations protect child from dangerous
diseases.
2. Immunizations help reduce the spread of disease to
others.
3. Vaccines protect not only child but also others
around him/her.
4. Reduction Infectious Diseases Morbidity and
Mortality
5. Eradication of Infectious Diseases
6. Reduction in Secondary Infections That Complicate
Vaccine Preventable Diseases
7. Prevention of Cancer
8. Preventing Antibiotic Resistance
Side Effects of Immunization
- Economic Benefits
1. Cost Savings
2. Productivity Gains
3. Minimizing the Impact on Family
4. Establishing Programs for Vaccine Development
- Social Benefits
1. Equity of Healthcare
2. Strengthening Health and Social Care Infrastructure
3. Impact of Life Expectancy and Opportunity
Contraindication of Vaccines
1. A severe allergic reaction (e.g., anaphylaxis) to a

vaccine component is a contraindication to any
vaccine containing that component, and a severe
allergy following a dose of vaccine is a
contraindication to subsequent doses of that vaccine.
2. Severe immunosuppression is a contraindication to
live, attenuated vaccines.
Cont.…
3. A history of intussusceptions is a contraindication to

rotavirus vaccination.
4. Encephalopathy not due to another identifiable cause
and occurring within 7 days of pertussis vaccination is a
contraindication to subsequent doses of pertussis-
containing vaccine.
Nursing Care Before/After
Giving Vaccine
1. Health care personnel should complete proper
hand hygiene before preparing vaccines.
2. Always check the expiration dates on the vaccine
and diluent, NEVER use expired vaccine, diluent,
or equipment. Some syringes and needles have
expiration dates, so check those, too.
3. Use a separate needle and syringe for each
injection.
4. Screening all vaccine recipients for
contraindications and precautions prior to
administering immunizations
Cont.…
5. Prepare vaccines only when you are ready to

administer them.
6. administer vaccines you have prepared.
7. Observing patients for syncope and other immediate
allergic reactions for a period of 15-20 minutes.
8. Provide patient with written record of immunization
and timing for booster immunization
References
• Hockenberry, M. & Wilson, D. (2015).Wong’s nursing
care of infants and children-E-book.10th Edition. Elsevier
Health Sciences.Elsevier, Canada.
• Hockenberry, M. & Wilson, D. & Rodgers, C.(2015).

Wong's Essentials of Pediatric Nursing.10-th Edition.
Elsevier Health Sciences.Elsevier, Canada.

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‫‪IMMUNIZATION‬‬

‫أعداد الطالب ‪:‬‬

‫األستاذ المشرف ‪:‬‬

 Immunization is a process of protecting an

Vaccines Toxoid Anti-sera Immune Globulin

It is bacterial poison blood serum gamma globulin : is a

Pain, swelling, or redness where the shot was given

Mild fever Muscle and joint aches

Chills Difficulty breathing

Feeling tired Swelling of your face and throat

Headache A bad rash all over your body

constipation Dizziness and weakness

1. A severe allergic reaction (e.g., anaphylaxis) to a

3. A history of intussusceptions is a contraindication to

5. Prepare vaccines only when you are ready to

• Hockenberry, M. & Wilson, D. & Rodgers, C.(2015).

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