Rembran R.

Maruhom Philo – 3B

A446 – Philosophy of Education

What is the difference between aims and purpose of education?

- The difference between aims and purpose of education is aims are where you want to reach in life. Which goal
point, where the destination is and where is focus is to be directed while purpose is what we want to be in our life?
What is the meaning our journey of life reflects? Is it good, is it cruel. Is it succeeding? Purpose should always be
your feeling for your success journey of life journey.

Explain the two approaches of general theory of education.

- Normative Theories are generated by philosophers and educators. They based on conceptions of what constitutes a
good education and focus on how to implement these conceptions in terms of structures, contents, and method.
- Sociological Theories analyze concrete situations and assess the changing meaning and role of education in the
broader social context.
Explain the 7 philosophies of education.

Essentialism

- A philosophy of education whose primary aim is for the learners to learn the basic skills of reading, writing, arithmetic and right conduct.

Progressivism

- A philosophy of education whose primary goal is to develop learners to become enlightened and intelligent citizens of democratic society.

Perennialism

- A philosophy of education that focuses on teaching learners things considered to be lasting or enduring.

Existentialism

- A philosophy of education whose aim is to help students understand and appreciate themselves as unique individuals.

Behaviourism

- A philosophy of education whose aim is to change the learner’s behavior by providing them a favorable environment.

Linguistic Philosophy

- A philosophy of education whose goal is to develop the learner’s communication skills.

Constructivism

- A philosophy of education whose goal is to equip the learners with learning skills for them to construct knowledge and make meaning of them.
 MATRIX ON PHILOSOPHERS OF EDUCATION

PHILOSOPHIES TEACHING STRATEGIES AND

Essentialism William Bagley The main purpose of this  Reading and Writing Teachers who follow the
philosophy is to help the learners  Math essentialist way of teaching
acquire basic skill set, intelligence  Natural Sciences focuses mainly on the mastery
and morals for them to become  History of subject matter and basic skills
model citizens. through the use of prescribed
 Foreign Languages
textbooks, drill method and the
 Literature lecture method.

Progressivism John Dewey This philosophical school of  Skills in Gathering Teachers following this
education aims to develop the and Evaluating philosophy of teaching use
learners to become enlightened Information experimental methods in
and intelligent citizens of a  Problem Solving Skills teaching that encourage the
democratic society. They  Natural and Social learners to gain knowledge from
encourage the learners to live Sciences actual experience. Teachers in
fully now instead of preparing for this school of educational
adult life. philosophy also use the “hands-
on-mind-in-hearts-on” teaching
methodology to let the students
interact with nature and society.
Perennialism Robert Hutchins and The curriculum for this  Humanities The perennialist way of teaching
Mortimer Adler philosophical school of education  General Education is centered on the teacher. They
aims to develop the learner’s  Principles of Natural utilize the Socratic method of
rational and moral powers and to Science teaching and mutual inquiry
let them use their reasoning skills  Philosophy sessions.
and higher faculties according to
 Language
their passions and appetites.
 History
 Conceptual Thinking
Existentialism Jean Paul Sartre This school of philosophy deals  Humanities The teaching-learning process in
with the development of the  Vocational Education an existentialist classroom is
learner as a whole person and  History self-paced and self-directed. It
not just the development of the  Fine Arts encourages an open and honest
mind. They do this by helping the individual relationship between
 Drama
students understand and the learner and the teacher. The
appreciate themselves as unique  Creative Expression teachers use the values
individuals who accept complete  Literature clarification strategy.
responsibility for their thoughts,  Philosophy
feelings and actions.
Behaviourism Ivan Pavlov, Edward The main purpose of the  Psychology of Human Teacher under this school of
Thorndike, John behaviourist curriculum is to Behaviour philosophy use behaviourist
Watson and Burrhus develop a favourable learning  Stimuli-Response method of teaching in which the
Frederic Skinner environmental for the learners to Relationship teacher control physical
develop desirable behaviour in variables to get the desired
the society. responses from the learners.
Linguistic Philosophy Jurgen Habermas and Linguistic educational philosophy  Verbal The experiment method is the
Hans Georg Gadamer works toward the development Communication most popular teaching strategy
of the learner’s communication  Nonverbal used by the teachers under this
skills from them to be able to Communication philosophy since it is the most
express themselves and their  Paraverbal effective way of teaching
ideas. Communication language and communication.
 Foreign Language
Constructivism Jean Piaget and Lev This philosophy of education  Knowledge A constructivist teacher provides
Vygotsky aims to develop learners to Evaluation and the learners adequate data and
become independent and Synthesis information and encourage
inherently motivated so that they  Learning Process and them to interact with this data
can construct new ideas with the Skills to form their own hypothesis,
help of proper learning skills.  Research and predict the outcome,
Experimentation investigate, and invent new
ideas to research for further
information.