ENGINE

CO
A

CO
SECTION
ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM C

E
CONTENTS
VQ40DE REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION ............... 15 F

PRECAUTION ............................................... 2 RADIATOR ........................................................ 15

Exploded View .........................................................15 G
PRECAUTIONS ................................................... 2 Removal and Installation .........................................15
Precaution for Supplemental Restraint System
(SRS) "AIR BAG" and "SEAT BELT PRE-TEN- ENGINE COOLING FAN ................................... 18
SIONER" ................................................................... 2 Exploded View .........................................................18 H
Precaution for Liquid Gasket ..................................... 2 Removal and Installation (Crankshaft driven type)....18
Removal and Installation (Motor driven type) ..........19
PREPARATION ............................................ 4 I
WATER PUMP .................................................. 21
PREPARATION ................................................... 4 Exploded View .........................................................21
Special Service Tool ................................................. 4 Removal and Installation .........................................21
Commercial Service Tool .......................................... 4 J
WATER INLET AND THERMOSTAT ASSEM-
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION .............................. 6 BLY .................................................................... 26
Exploded View .........................................................26 K
COOLING SYSTEM ............................................ 6 Removal and Installation .........................................26
Cooling Circuit ........................................................... 6
Schematic ................................................................. 7 WATER OUTLET AND WATER PIPING .......... 28
Exploded View .........................................................28 L
OVERHEATING CAUSE ANALYSIS .................. 8 Removal and Installation .........................................28
Troubleshooting Chart ............................................... 8
SERVICE DATA AND SPECIFICATIONS M
PERIODIC MAINTENANCE ......................... 10 (SDS) ............................................................ 30
ENGINE COOLANT ...........................................10
SERVICE DATA AND SPECIFICATIONS
System Inspection ................................................... 10 N
Changing Engine Coolant ....................................... 11
(SDS) ................................................................. 30
Standard and Limit ..................................................30

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 PRECAUTIONS
< PRECAUTION > [VQ40DE]

PRECAUTION
PRECAUTIONS
Precaution for Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) "AIR BAG" and "SEAT BELT
PRE-TENSIONER" INFOID:0000000007361615

The Supplemental Restraint System such as “AIR BAG” and “SEAT BELT PRE-TENSIONER”, used along
with a front seat belt, helps to reduce the risk or severity of injury to the driver and front passenger for certain
types of collision. This system includes seat belt switch inputs and dual stage front air bag modules. The SRS
system uses the seat belt switches to determine the front air bag deployment, and may only deploy one front
air bag, depending on the severity of a collision and whether the front occupants are belted or unbelted.
Information necessary to service the system safely is included in the SR and SB section of this Service Man-
ual.
WARNING:
• To avoid rendering the SRS inoperative, which could increase the risk of personal injury or death in
the event of a collision which would result in air bag inflation, all maintenance must be performed by
an authorized NISSAN/INFINITI dealer.
• Improper maintenance, including incorrect removal and installation of the SRS, can lead to personal
injury caused by unintentional activation of the system. For removal of Spiral Cable and Air Bag
Module, see the SR section.
• Do not use electrical test equipment on any circuit related to the SRS unless instructed to in this
Service Manual. SRS wiring harnesses can be identified by yellow and/or orange harnesses or har-
ness connectors.
PRECAUTIONS WHEN USING POWER TOOLS (AIR OR ELECTRIC) AND HAMMERS
WARNING:
• When working near the Airbag Diagnosis Sensor Unit or other Airbag System sensors with the Igni-
tion ON or engine running, DO NOT use air or electric power tools or strike near the sensor(s) with a
hammer. Heavy vibration could activate the sensor(s) and deploy the air bag(s), possibly causing
serious injury.
• When using air or electric power tools or hammers, always switch the Ignition OFF, disconnect the
battery, and wait at least 3 minutes before performing any service.
Precaution for Liquid Gasket INFOID:0000000007361616

REMOVAL OF LIQUID GASKET

• After removing the bolts and nuts, separate the mating surface and
remove the old liquid gasket using Tool.

Tool number : KV10111100 (J-37228)

CAUTION:
Do not damage the mating surfaces.
• Tap the seal cutter to insert it (1).
• In areas where the Tool is difficult to use, lightly tap to slide it (2).

WBIA0566E

LIQUID GASKET APPLICATION PROCEDURE

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 PRECAUTIONS
< PRECAUTION > [VQ40DE]
1. Remove the old liquid gasket adhering to the gasket application
surface and the mating surface using suitable tool. A
• Remove the liquid gasket completely from the groove of the
liquid gasket application surface, bolts, and bolt holes.
2. Thoroughly clean the mating surfaces and remove adhering CO
moisture, grease and foreign material.

PBIC0003E

D
3. Attach the liquid gasket tube to the Tool.

Tool number : WS39930000 ( — ) E

Use Genuine RTV Silicone Sealant or equivalent. Refer to
GI-15, "Recommended Chemical Products and Sealants".
4. Apply the liquid gasket without breaks to the specified location F
with the specified dimensions.

G
WBIA0567E

• If there is a groove for the liquid gasket application, apply the H

liquid gasket to the groove.
• Normally apply the liquid gasket on the inside edge of the bolt
holes. Also apply to the outside edge of the bolt holes when
I
specified in the procedure.
• Within five minutes of liquid gasket application, install the mat-
ing component.
• If the liquid gasket protrudes, wipe it off immediately. J
• Do not retighten after the installation.
• Wait 30 minutes or more after installation before refilling the
engine with oil or coolant. K
SEM159F
CAUTION:
Carefully follow all of the warnings, cautions, notes, and procedures contained in this manual.
L

Revision: December 2011 CO-3 2012 Xterra

 PREPARATION
< PREPARATION > [VQ40DE]

PREPARATION
PREPARATION
Special Service Tool INFOID:0000000007361617

The actual shapes of Kent-Moore tools may differ from those of special service tools illustrated here.
Tool number Description
(Kent-Moore No.)
Tool name
KV10111100 Removing chain tensioner cover and water
(J-37228) pump cover
Seal cutter

NT046

WS39930000 Pressing the tube of liquid gasket

( — )
Tube presser

S-NT052

EG17650301 Adapting radiator cap tester to radiator cap

(J-33984-A) and radiator filler neck
Radiator cap tester adapter a: 28 (1.10) dia.
b: 31.4 (1.236) dia.
c: 41.3 (1.626) dia.
Unit: mm (in)

S-NT564

KV991J0070 Filling cooling system

(J-45695)
Coolant refill tool

LMA053

KV991J0010 Checking concentration of ethylene glycol in

(J-23688) engine coolant
Engine coolant refractometer

WBIA0539E

Commercial Service Tool INFOID:0000000007361618

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 PREPARATION
< PREPARATION > [VQ40DE]
Tool name Description
A
Power tool Loosening screws, bolts and nuts

CO

C
PIIB1407E

Radiator cap tester Checking radiator and radiator cap

PBIC1982E

Coolant system tester adapter Adapting radiator cap tester to reservoir filler F
neck

WBIA0408E
H
Coolant system tester adapter Adapting radiator cap tester to reservoir cap

J
WBIA0409E

Revision: December 2011 CO-5 2012 Xterra

 COOLING SYSTEM
< SYSTEM DESCRIPTION > [VQ40DE]

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
COOLING SYSTEM
Cooling Circuit INFOID:0000000007361619

WBIA0641E

1. Cylinder block (RH) 2. Oil cooler 3. Cylinder head (RH)

4. Water pump 5. Radiator 6. Water inlet
7. Thermostat 8. Cylinder head (LH) 9. Heater pump
10. Cylinder block (LH)

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 COOLING SYSTEM
< SYSTEM DESCRIPTION > [VQ40DE]
Schematic INFOID:0000000007361620

CO

H
WBIA0565E

Revision: December 2011 CO-7 2012 Xterra

 OVERHEATING CAUSE ANALYSIS
< SYSTEM DESCRIPTION > [VQ40DE]
OVERHEATING CAUSE ANALYSIS
Troubleshooting Chart INFOID:0000000007361621

Symptom Check items

Water pump malfunction Worn or loose drive belt
Coolant circulation Thermostat stuck closed
Dust contamination or pa-
Poor heat transfer Damaged fins per clogging —
Physical damage
Clogged radiator cooling Excess foreign material
tube (rust, dirt, sand, etc.)
Cooling fan does not oper-
ate
Reduced air flow High resistance to fan rota- Fan assembly —
tion
Damaged fan blades
Damaged radiator shroud — Radiator shroud —
Improper engine coolant
— —
mixture ratio Engine coolant viscosity
Cooling sys-
tem parts Poor engine coolant quality — —
malfunction
Loose clamp
Cooling hose
Cracked hose
Heater pump Physical damage
Water pump Poor sealing
Loose
Radiator or reservoir cap
Engine coolant leaks Poor sealing

Insufficient engine coolant O-ring for damage, deterio-

ration or improper fitting
Radiator
Cracked radiator tank
Cracked radiator core
Reservoir tank Cracked reservoir tank
Cylinder head deterioration
Exhaust gas leaks into cool-
Overflowing reservoir tank Cylinder head gasket deteri-
ing system
oration

Revision: December 2011 CO-8 2012 Xterra

 OVERHEATING CAUSE ANALYSIS
< SYSTEM DESCRIPTION > [VQ40DE]
Symptom Check items
A
High engine rpm under no
load
Driving in low gear for ex-
Abusive driving CO
tended time
Driving at extremely high
speed
— Overload on engine C
Powertrain system malfunc-
tion
Installed improper size
Except cool- —
wheels and tires D
ing system
parts mal- Dragging brakes
function
Improper ignition timing
E
Blocked bumper Installed car brassiere
Installed car brassiere
Blocked radiator grille Mud contamination or paper F
Blocked or restricted air clogging —
flow
Blocked radiator
Blocked condenser Blocked air flow G
Installed large fog lamp

Revision: December 2011 CO-9 2012 Xterra

 ENGINE COOLANT
< PERIODIC MAINTENANCE > [VQ40DE]

PERIODIC MAINTENANCE
ENGINE COOLANT
System Inspection INFOID:0000000007361622

WARNING:
• Never remove the radiator/reservoir cap when the engine is hot. Serious burns could occur from
high pressure fluid escaping from the radiator or reservoir.
• Wrap a thick cloth around the cap. Slowly push down and turn it a quarter turn to allow built-up pres-
sure to escape. Carefully remove the cap by pushing down and turning it all the way.
CHECKING COOLING SYSTEM HOSES
Check hoses for the following:
• Improper attachment
• Leaks
• Cracks
• Damage
• Loose connections
• Chafing
• Deterioration
CHECKING RESERVOIR LEVEL
• Check if the engine coolant reservoir tank level is within MIN to
MAX when the engine is cool.
• Adjust engine coolant level as necessary.

SMA412B

CHECKING COOLING SYSTEM FOR LEAKS

WARNING:
Never remove the radiator/reservoir cap when the engine is hot. Serious burns could occur from high
pressure coolant escaping from the radiator or reservoir.
To check for leakage, apply pressure to the cooling system at the
reservoir filler neck using suitable tool and Tool.

Tool number : EG17650301 (J-33984-A)

Testing pressure : 137 kPa (1.4 kg/cm2, 20 psi)

CAUTION:
Higher pressure than specified may cause radiator damage.
NOTE:
In case that engine coolant decreases, replenish cooling system with WBIA0568E

engine coolant.
If any concerns are found, repair or replace damaged parts.
CHECKING RESERVOIR CAP
1. Inspect the reservoir cap.
• Replace the cap if the metal plunger cannot be seen around the edge of the black rubber gasket.
• Replace the cap if deposits of waxy residue or other foreign material are on the black rubber gasket or
the metal retainer.
NOTE:
Thoroughly wipe out the reservoir filler neck to remove any waxy residue or foreign material.

Revision: December 2011 CO-10 2012 Xterra

 ENGINE COOLANT
< PERIODIC MAINTENANCE > [VQ40DE]
2. Pull the negative-pressure valve to open it and check that it
closes completely when released. A
• Check that there is no dirt or damage on the valve seat of the
reservoir cap negative-pressure valve.
• Check that there are no abnormalities in the opening and clos-
CO
ing conditions of the negative-pressure valve.

SMA967B

D
3. Check reservoir cap relief pressure using suitable tool and Tool.

Tool number : EG17650301 (J-33984-A) E

Standard: 98 – 118 kPa (1.0 – 1.2 kg/cm2, 14 – 17 psi)

NOTE: F
• Apply engine coolant to the cap seal surface.
• Replace the reservoir cap if there is any damage in the nega-
tive-pressure valve, or if the open-valve pressure is outside of G
the limit. WBIA0570E

CHECKING RADIATOR CAP

Inspect the radiator cap. H
NOTE:
Thoroughly wipe out the radiator filler neck to remove any waxy residue or foreign material.
• Replace the cap if deposits of waxy residue or other foreign material are on the black rubber gasket or the I
metal retainer.
CHECKING RADIATOR
Check radiator for mud or clogging. If necessary, clean radiator as follows. J
CAUTION:
• Be careful not to bend or damage the radiator fins.
• When radiator is cleaned without removal, remove all surrounding parts such as cooling fan shroud K
and horns. Then tape the harness and electrical connectors to prevent water from entering.
1. Spray water to the back side of the radiator core using a side to side motion from the top down.
2. Stop spraying when debris no longer flows from radiator core. L
3. Blow air into the back side of radiator core using a side to side motion from the top down.
• Use compressed air lower than 490 kPa (5 kg/cm2, 71 psi) and keep distance more than 30 cm (11.8 in).
4. Continue to blow air until no water sprays out. M
5. Check for coolant leaks. Repair as necessary.

Changing Engine Coolant INFOID:0000000007361623

N

WARNING:
Do not remove the radiator cap when the engine is hot. Serious burns could occur from high-pressure O
engine coolant escaping from the radiator. Wrap a thick cloth around the radiator cap. Slowly turn it a
quarter of a turn to release built-up pressure. Carefully remove radiator cap by turning it all the way.
DRAINING ENGINE COOLANT P
1. Turn ignition switch ON and set temperature control lever all the way to HOT position or the highest tem-
perature position. Wait 10 seconds and turn ignition switch OFF.
2. Remove the engine under cover. Refer to EXT-15, "Removal and Installation".

Revision: December 2011 CO-11 2012 Xterra

 ENGINE COOLANT
< PERIODIC MAINTENANCE > [VQ40DE]
3. Open the radiator drain plug at the bottom of the radiator, and
remove the reservoir cap. This is the only step required when
partially draining the cooling system (radiator only).
CAUTION:
• Do not to allow the coolant to contact the drive belts.
• Perform this step when engine is cold.

LLIA0070E

4. When draining all of the coolant in the system for engine

removal or repair, it is necessary to drain the cylinder block.
Remove the cylinder block drain plugs (A), (B), (C), (D) and
block heater (if equipped), to drain the cylinder block as shown.
CAUTION:
Do not reuse copper sealing washers.
NOTE:
For Canada, the (D) cylinder block drain plug as shown, is not a
cylinder block drain plug but a block heater.

WLIA0020E

5. Remove the reservoir tank to drain the engine coolant, then clean the reservoir tank before installing it.
6. Check the drained coolant for contaminants such as rust, corrosion or discoloration.
If the coolant is contaminated, flush the engine cooling system. Follow the "Flushing Cooling System" pro-
cedure.
REFILLING ENGINE COOLANT

Revision: December 2011 CO-12 2012 Xterra

 ENGINE COOLANT
< PERIODIC MAINTENANCE > [VQ40DE]
1. Close the radiator drain plug. Install the reservoir tank, cylinder
block drain plugs (A), (B), (C), (D) and block heater (if A
equipped).
• The radiator must be completely empty of coolant and water.
• Apply sealant to the threads of the cylinder block drain plugs
CO
(A), (B), (C), (D). Use Genuine High Performance Thread
Sealant or equivalent. Refer to GI-15, "Recommended Chemi-
cal Products and Sealants".
• Tighten each plug to the specified torque. Refer to EM-103, C
"Disassembly and Assembly".
CAUTION:
Do not reuse copper sealing washers. D

G
WLIA0020E

2. Set the vehicle heater controls to the full HOT and heater ON position. Turn the vehicle ignition ON with
the engine OFF as necessary to activate the heater mode. H
3. Remove the vented reservoir cap and replace it with a non-vented reservoir cap before filling the cooling
system.
4. Install the Tool by installing the radiator cap adapter onto the I
radiator neck opening. Then attach the gauge body assembly
with the refill tube and the venturi assembly to the radiator cap
adapter. J

Tool number : KV991J0070 (J-45695)

5. Insert the refill hose into the coolant mixture container that is K
placed at floor level. Make sure the ball valve is in the closed
position.
• Use recommended coolant or equivalent. Refer to MA-13, L
"Fluids and Lubricants".

Cooling system capacity : Refer to MA-13, "Fluids M

(with reservoir) and Lubricants".
6. Install an air hose to the venturi assembly, the air pressure must
be within specification. N

Compressed air : 549 - 824 kPa (5.6 - 8.4 kg/cm2,

supply pressure 80 - 119 psi) O
CAUTION:
The compressed air supply must be equipped with an air LLIA0058E

dryer. P
7. The vacuum gauge will begin to rise and there will be an audible hissing noise. During this process open
the ball valve on the refill hose slightly. Rising coolant will be visible in the refill hose. After the refill hose is
full of coolant, close the ball valve. This will purge air trapped in the refill hose.

Revision: December 2011 CO-13 2012 Xterra

 ENGINE COOLANT
< PERIODIC MAINTENANCE > [VQ40DE]
8. Continue to draw the vacuum until the gauge reaches 28 inches
of vacuum. The gauge may not reach 28 inches in high altitude
locations. Refer to the following vacuum specifications.

Altitude above sea level Vacuum gauge reading

0 - 100 m (328 ft) : 28 inches of vacuum
300 m (984 ft) : 27 inches of vacuum
500 m (1,641 ft) : 26 inches of vacuum
1,000 m (3,281 ft) : 24 - 25 inches of vacuum
LLIA0057E

9. When the vacuum gauge has reached the specified amount, disconnect the air hose and wait 20 seconds
to see if the system loses vacuum. If the vacuum level drops, perform necessary repairs to the system
and repeat steps 6 - 8 to bring the vacuum to the specified amount. Recheck for leaks.
10. Place the coolant container (with the refill hose inserted) at the same level as the top of the radiator. Then
open the ball valve on the refill hose so the coolant will be drawn up to fill the cooling system. The cooling
system is full when the vacuum gauge reads zero.
CAUTION:
Do not allow the coolant container to get too low when filling, to avoid air from being drawn into
the cooling system.
11. Remove the Tool from the radiator neck opening and install the radiator cap.
12. Remove the non-vented reservoir cap.
13. Fill the cooling system reservoir tank to the specified level. Run the engine to warm up the cooling system
and top up the system as necessary before installing the vented reservoir cap.
14. Install the engine under cover. Refer to EXT-15, "Removal and Installation".
FLUSHING COOLING SYSTEM
1. Drain the water from the engine cooling system. Refer to CO-11, "Changing Engine Coolant".
2. Fill the radiator and the reservoir tank (to the “MAX” line), with water. Reinstall the radiator cap and leave
the vented reservoir cap off.
3. Run the engine until it reaches normal operating temperature.
4. Press the engine accelerator two or three times under no-load.
5. Stop the engine and wait until it cools down.
6. Drain the water from the engine cooling system. Refer to CO-11, "Changing Engine Coolant".
7. Repeat steps 2 through 6 until clear water begins to drain from the radiator.

Revision: December 2011 CO-14 2012 Xterra

 RADIATOR
< REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION > [VQ40DE]

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION A

RADIATOR
Exploded View INFOID:0000000007361624
CO

AWBIA1010GB K

1. Radiator mounting bracket 2. Mounting rubber (upper) 3. Radiator cap

4. Radiator 5. Mounting rubber (lower) 6. A/T fluid cooler hose L
7. A/T fluid cooler hose (if equipped) 8. O-ring 9. Drain plug
10. Cooling fan assembly (Motor driven 11. Radiator shroud (upper) 12. Radiator hose (lower)
type) M
13. Radiator shroud (lower) 14. Reservoir tank hose 15. Reservoir tank cap
16. Reservoir tank 17. Water hose 18. Radiator hose (upper)
A. To heater return tube B. To water pipe C. To A/T cooler tube N
D. To water inlet and thermostat assembly Vehicle front

Removal and Installation INFOID:0000000007361625

O

WARNING:
Never remove the radiator cap when the engine is hot. Serious burns could occur from high pressure
engine coolant escaping from the radiator. Wrap a thick cloth around the cap. Slowly turn it a quarter P
of a turn to release built-up pressure. Carefully remove radiator cap by turning it all the way.
NOTE:
When removing components such as hoses, tubes/lines, etc., cap or plug openings to prevent fluid from spill-
ing.
REMOVAL
1. Remove engine under cover. Refer to EXT-15, "Removal and Installation".

Revision: December 2011 CO-15 2012 Xterra

 RADIATOR
< REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION > [VQ40DE]
2. Drain engine coolant from radiator. Refer to CO-10.
CAUTION:
• Perform this step when engine is cold.
• Do not spill engine coolant on drive belts.
3. Remove air duct and resonator assembly and air cleaner case upper. Refer to EM-24, "Removal and
Installation".
4. Remove reservoir tank hose from the radiator.
5. Remove radiator hoses (upper and lower).
CAUTION:
Be careful not to allow engine coolant to contact drive belts.
6. Disconnect A/T fluid cooler hoses (if equipped).
7. Remove engine cooling fan (Motor driven type). Refer to CO-19, "Removal and Installation (Motor driven
type)".
8. Remove front grille. Refer to EXT-19, "Removal and Installation".
9. Remove the upper radiator mounting bracket bolts.

LBIA0419E

10. Remove the two A/C condenser bolts.

LBIA0421E

11. Remove radiator as follows:

CAUTION:
Do not damage or scratch A/C condenser and radiator core when removing.
a. Lift and pull radiator rearward to disengage mounting rubber
(lower) from radiator core support center.
CAUTION:
Because A/C condenser is attached to the front-lower por-
tion of radiator, moving it in the rear direction should be at a
minimum.

PBIC1936E

Revision: December 2011 CO-16 2012 Xterra

 RADIATOR
< REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION > [VQ40DE]
b. Lift A/C condenser up and remove radiator after disengaging the
fitting at front-bottom surface. A
CAUTION:
Lifting A/C condenser should be minimum to prevent a load
to A/C piping.
CO
c. After removing radiator, put A/C condenser on radiator core sup-
port center to prevent a load to A/C piping, and temporarily
secure it with a suitable device.
C

PBIC1054E

D
INSTALLATION
Installation is in the reverse order of removal.
INSPECTION AFTER INSTALLATION E
• Check for engine coolant leaks. Refer to CO-10, "System Inspection".
• Start and warm up engine. Visually check for coolant and A/T fluid (if equipped) leaks. Repair as necessary.
• Check and adjust engine coolant level and A/T fluid (if equipped). Refer to MA-13, "Fluids and Lubricants".
F

Revision: December 2011 CO-17 2012 Xterra

 ENGINE COOLING FAN
< REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION > [VQ40DE]
ENGINE COOLING FAN
Exploded View INFOID:0000000007361626

Crankshaft Driven Type

AWBIA0985ZZ

1. Cooling fan 2. Fan coupling 3. Fan bracket

4. Cooling fan pulley 5. Stud

Removal and Installation (Crankshaft driven type) INFOID:0000000007361627

WARNING:
Never remove the radiator cap when the engine is hot. Serious burns could occur from high pressure
engine coolant escaping from the radiator. Wrap a thick cloth around the cap. Slowly turn it a quarter
of a turn to release built-up pressure. Carefully remove radiator cap by turning it all the way.
REMOVAL
1. Remove the engine cooling fan (Motor driven type). Refer to CO-19, "Removal and Installation (Motor
driven type)".
2. Remove the drive belt. Refer to EM-13, "Removal and Installation".
3. Remove the cooling fan.
4. Remove the fan coupling, if necessary.
5. Remove the cooling fan pulley, if necessary.
6. Remove the drive belt auto-tensioner, if necessary. Refer to EM-14, "Drive Belt Auto-Tensioner and Idler
Pulley"
7. Remove the fan bracket, if necessary.
INSPECTION AFTER REMOVAL
Fan Coupling
• Inspect fan coupling for oil leaks and bimetal corrosion conditions.
• If there are concerns, replace the fan coupling.

SLC072

Fan Bracket

Revision: December 2011 CO-18 2012 Xterra

 ENGINE COOLING FAN
< REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION > [VQ40DE]
• Check that the fan bracket shaft turns smoothly by hand and is not
excessively loose. A
• If there are concerns, replace the fan bracket assembly.

CO

LBIA0422E

D
INSTALLATION
Installation is in the reverse order of removal.
• Install cooling fan with its front mark “F” facing front of engine. Refer to CO-18, "Removal and Installation
(Crankshaft driven type)". E

INSPECTION AFTER INSTALLATION

• Check for engine coolant leaks. Refer to CO-10, "System Inspection".
• Start and warm up engine. Visually check for coolant and A/T fluid (if equipped) leaks. Repair as necessary. F
• Check and adjust engine coolant level and A/T fluid (if equipped). Refer to MA-13, "Fluids and Lubricants".
Removal and Installation (Motor driven type) INFOID:0000000007361628
G
NOTE:
When removing components such as hoses, tubes/lines, etc., cap or plug openings to prevent fluid from spill-
ing. H

REMOVAL
1. Remove the engine under cover. Refer to EXT-15, "Removal and Installation". I
2. Partially drain engine coolant from radiator. Refer to CO-11, "Changing Engine Coolant".
CAUTION:
• Perform this step when engine is cold.
J
• Do not spill engine coolant on drive belts.
3. Release the radiator shroud (lower) (2) from the radiator shroud
(upper) (1) and position aside.
• Release the tabs, pull radiator shroud (lower) (2) rearward and K
down.

ALBIA0470ZZ

4. Remove air duct and resonator assembly. Refer to EM-24, "Removal and Installation". N
5. Remove upper radiator hose from radiator.
6. Remove reservoir tank hose from radiator shroud (upper) and radiator.
O
7. Remove the radiator shroud (upper) bolts and remove the radiator shroud (upper). Refer to CO-15,
"Exploded View".
P

Revision: December 2011 CO-19 2012 Xterra

 ENGINE COOLING FAN
< REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION > [VQ40DE]
8. Disconnect harness connector from fan motor.
9. Remove the bolt and remove the fan grille and motor assembly.

AWBIA0148ZZ

INSTALLATION
Installation is in the reverse order of removal.
• Cooling fan is controlled by ECM. For details, refer to EC-370, "Diagnosis Procedure".
INSPECTION AFTER INSTALLATION
• Check for engine coolant leaks. Refer to CO-10, "System Inspection".
• Start and warm up engine. Visually check for coolant and A/T fluid (if equipped) leaks. Repair as necessary.
• Check and adjust engine coolant level and A/T fluid (if equipped). Refer to MA-13, "Fluids and Lubricants".

Revision: December 2011 CO-20 2012 Xterra

 WATER PUMP
< REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION > [VQ40DE]
WATER PUMP
A
Exploded View INFOID:0000000007361629

CO

G
PBIC2833E

1. Water pump 2. Timing chain tensioner (primary) 3. Chain tensioner cover

4. Water drain plug (front) 5. Water pump cover 6. O-ring
H
7. O-ring

Removal and Installation INFOID:0000000007361630 I

WARNING:
Never remove the radiator cap when the engine is hot. Serious burns could occur from high pressure J
engine coolant escaping from the radiator. Wrap a thick cloth around the cap. Slowly turn it a quarter
of a turn to release built-up pressure. Carefully remove radiator cap by turning it all the way.
CAUTION:
• When removing water pump assembly, be careful not to get engine coolant on timing chain and drive K
belt.
• Water pump cannot be disassembled and should be replaced as a unit.
• After installing water pump, connect hoses and clamps securely, then check for leaks. L
NOTE:
When removing components such as hoses, tubes/lines, etc., cap or plug openings to prevent fluid from spill-
ing.
M
REMOVAL
1. Remove engine under cover. Refer to EXT-15, "Removal and Installation".
2. Drain engine coolant from radiator. Refer to CO-11, "Changing Engine Coolant". N
CAUTION:
• Perform this step when engine is cold.
• Do not spill engine coolant on timing chain and drive belt. O
3. Remove air duct and resonator assembly. Refer to EM-24, "Exploded View".
4. Remove drive belt. Refer to EM-13, "Removal and Installation".
5. Remove radiator hose (upper). P
6. Remove coolant reservoir hose from the radiator.
7. Remove engine cooling fan (Motor driven type). Refer to CO-19, "Removal and Installation (Motor driven
type)".

Revision: December 2011 CO-21 2012 Xterra

 WATER PUMP
< REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION > [VQ40DE]
8. Set No. 1 cylinder at TDC.
• Rotate crankshaft pulley clockwise to align timing mark (A)
(grooved line without color) with timing indicator (B).

AWBIA0719ZZ

9. Remove engine cooling fan (Crankshaft driven type). Refer to CO-18, "Removal and Installation (Crank-
shaft driven type)".
10. Remove water drain plug (front) (1) on the water pump side of
the cylinder block.

ALBIA0679ZZ

11. Remove chain tensioner cover and water pump cover from front
timing chain case, using Tool.

Tool number : KV10111100 (J-37228)

PBIC2662E

12. Remove timing chain tensioner (primary) as follows:

a. Loosen clip of timing chain tensioner (primary), and release
plunger stopper (1).
b. Depress plunger into tensioner body by pressing slack guide (2).
c. Keep slack guide pressed and insert stopper pin through the
tensioner body hole and plunger groove (3) to hold plunger in.

PBIC2835E

Revision: December 2011 CO-22 2012 Xterra

 WATER PUMP
< REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION > [VQ40DE]
d. Remove timing chain tensioner bolts and remove timing chain
tensioner (primary). A
CAUTION:
Be careful not to drop timing chain tensioner bolts inside
timing chain case.
CO

PBIC2836E

D
13. Remove water pump as follows:
a. Make a gap between water pump sprocket and timing chain, by
carefully turning crankshaft pulley counterclockwise until timing E
chain loosens on water pump sprocket. Remove three water
pump bolts.
F

PBIC2863E

H
b. Screw M8 bolts [pitch: 1.25 mm (0.049 in) length: approx. 50
mm (1.97 in)] into water pump upper and lower bolt holes until
they reach timing chain case. Remove water pump.
CAUTION: I
• Place a suitable shop cloth below the water pump hous-
ing to prevent any engine coolant from dripping into the
timing chain case. J
• Pull water pump straight out while preventing vane from
contacting socket in installation area.
• Remove water pump without causing sprocket to contact
timing chain. K
JLC357B
c. Remove M8 bolts and O-rings from water pump.
CAUTION:
• Do not disassemble water pump. L
• Do not reuse O-rings.
INSPECTION AFTER REMOVAL
M
• Visually check that there is no significant dirt or rusting on the
water pump body and vane.
• Check that there is no looseness in the vane shaft, and that it turns
smoothly when rotated by hand. N
• If the water pump does not perform properly, replace the water
pump assembly.
O

P
SLC943A

INSTALLATION

Revision: December 2011 CO-23 2012 Xterra

 WATER PUMP
< REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION > [VQ40DE]
1. Install new O-rings to water pump.
CAUTION:
Do not reuse O-rings.
NOTE:
• Apply engine oil to O-rings.
• Locate O-ring with white paint mark to engine front side.

PBIC2837E

2. Hold timing chain to the side ( ) and install water pump ( ).

CAUTION:
• Do not reuse O-rings.
• Do not allow timing chain case to pinch O-rings when
installing water pump.
• Make sure that timing chain and water pump sprocket are
engaged.
• Tighten water pump bolts alternately and evenly.

PBIC1058E

3. Remove dust and foreign material completely from installation area of timing chain tensioner (primary)
and rear timing chain case.
4. Turn crankshaft pulley approximately 20° clockwise so that tim-
ing chain on the timing chain tensioner (primary) side is loose.

PBIC0848E

5. Install timing chain tensioner (primary) with its stopper pin inserted.
CAUTION:
Be careful not to drop bolts inside timing chain case.
6. Remove stopper pin.
• Make sure again that timing chain and water pump sprocket
are engaged.

PBIC2838E

7. Install chain tensioner cover and water pump cover.

Revision: December 2011 CO-24 2012 Xterra

 WATER PUMP
< REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION > [VQ40DE]
a. Before installing, remove all traces of old liquid gasket from mat-
ing surface of water pump cover and chain tensioner cover A
using scraper. Also remove traces of old liquid gasket from the
mating surface of front timing chain case.
CO

SLC446B

D
b. Apply a continuous bead of liquid gasket, to mating surface of
chain tensioner and water pump cover, using Tool.
E
Tool number : WS39930000 ( — )
Use Genuine RTV Silicone Sealant or equivalent. Refer to
GI-15, "Recommended Chemical Products and Sealants". F
CAUTION:
• Installation should be done within 5 minutes after apply-
ing liquid gasket.
• Do not fill the engine with oil for at least 30 minutes after G
the components are installed to allow the sealant to cure. PBIC2663E

c. Tighten bolts to specified torque. Refer to CO-21, "Exploded View".

H
8. Install water drain plug (front) (1) on water pump side of cylinder
block.
• Apply liquid gasket to the thread of water drain plug (front) (1).
I
Use Genuine RTV Silicone Sealant or equivalent. Refer to
GI-15, "Recommended Chemical Products and Sealants".

Water drain plug (front) : 9.8 N·m (1.0 kg-m, 87 in-lb) J

K
ALBIA0679ZZ

9. Installation of the remaining components is in the reverse order of removal.

• After installation refill engine coolant and check for leaks. Refer to CO-11, "Changing Engine Coolant" L
and CO-10, "System Inspection".
CAUTION:
Do not spill coolant in the engine compartment. Use a shop cloth to absorb coolant. M
• After starting engine, let idle for three minutes, then rev engine up to 3,000 rpm under no load to purge
air from the high-pressure chamber of the chain tensioner. The engine may produce a rattling noise.
This indicates that air still remains in the chamber and is not a matter of concern.
N
INSPECTION AFTER INSTALLATION
• Check for engine coolant leaks. Refer to CO-10, "System Inspection".
• Start and warm up engine. Visually check for coolant leaks. Repair as necessary. O
• Check and adjust engine coolant level. Refer to MA-13, "Fluids and Lubricants".

Revision: December 2011 CO-25 2012 Xterra

 WATER INLET AND THERMOSTAT ASSEMBLY
< REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION > [VQ40DE]
WATER INLET AND THERMOSTAT ASSEMBLY
Exploded View INFOID:0000000007361631

AWBIA1156GB

1. Water inlet and thermostat assembly 2. Gasket 3. To oil cooler

Removal and Installation INFOID:0000000007361632

WARNING:
Never remove the radiator cap when the engine is hot. Serious burns could occur from high pressure
engine coolant escaping from the radiator. Wrap a thick cloth around the cap. Slowly turn it a quarter
of a turn to release built-up pressure. Carefully remove radiator cap by turning it all the way.
NOTE:
When removing components such as hoses, tubes/lines, etc., cap or plug openings to prevent fluid from spill-
ing.
REMOVAL
1. Remove engine cooling fan (Motor driven type). Refer to CO-19, "Removal and Installation (Motor driven
type)".
2. Disconnect radiator hose (lower) and oil cooler hose from water inlet and thermostat assembly.
3. Remove water inlet and thermostat assembly.
CAUTION:
• Do not disassemble water inlet and thermostat assembly.
• Replace water inlet and thermostat assembly as a unit.

SLC962AB

INSPECTION AFTER REMOVAL

1. Check valve seating condition at room temperature. It should seat tightly.

Revision: December 2011 CO-26 2012 Xterra

 WATER INLET AND THERMOSTAT ASSEMBLY
< REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION > [VQ40DE]
2. Check valve operation.
• Place a thread so that it is caught in the valve of the thermo- A
stat. Immerse fully in a container filled with water. Heat while
stirring.
• The valve opening temperature is the temperature at which
CO
the valve opens and falls from the thread.
• Continue heating. Check the full-open lift amount.
NOTE:
The full-open lift amount standard temperature is the reference C
value.
SLC949A

D
• After checking the full-open lift amount, lower the water temperature and check the valve closing tem-
perature.
E
Thermostat Standard
Valve opening temperature Refer to CO-30, "Standard and Limit"
F
Full-open lift amount Refer to CO-30, "Standard and Limit"
Valve closing temperature Refer to CO-30, "Standard and Limit"
• If valve seating at measured values are out of standard range, replace water inlet and thermostat G
assembly.
INSTALLATION
Installation is in the reverse order of removal. H
CAUTION:
Do not spill engine coolant in engine room. Use a shop cloth to absorb engine coolant.
INSPECTION AFTER INSTALLATION I
• Check for engine coolant leaks. Refer to CO-10, "System Inspection".
• Start and warm up engine. Visually check for coolant leaks. Repair as necessary.
• Check and adjust engine coolant level. Refer to MA-13, "Fluids and Lubricants". J

Revision: December 2011 CO-27 2012 Xterra

 WATER OUTLET AND WATER PIPING
< REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION > [VQ40DE]
WATER OUTLET AND WATER PIPING
Exploded View INFOID:0000000007361633

AWBIA1025GB

1. Engine coolant temperature sensor 2. Washer 3. Water outlet

4. Heater hose 5. O-ring 6. Water pipe
7. Water hose 8. Radiator hose (upper) 9. Water hose
10. Water hose 11. Gasket 12. Heater pipe
13. Heater hose 14. Gasket A. From electric throttle control actua-
tor
B. To electric throttle control actuator C. To heater D. From heater

Removal and Installation INFOID:0000000007361634

WARNING:
Never remove the radiator cap when the engine is hot. Serious burns could occur from high pressure
engine coolant escaping from the radiator. Wrap a thick cloth around the cap. Slowly turn it a quarter
of a turn to release built-up pressure. Carefully remove radiator cap by turning it all the way.
NOTE:
When removing components such as hoses, tubes/lines, etc., cap or plug openings to prevent fluid from spill-
ing.
REMOVAL
1. Drain engine coolant from radiator. Refer to CO-11, "Changing Engine Coolant".
CAUTION:
• Perform this step when engine is cold.
• Do not spill engine coolant on drive belts.
2. Remove the intake manifold collector. Refer to EM-25, "Removal and Installation".
3. Remove engine coolant temperature sensor as necessary.
CAUTION:
Be careful not to damage engine coolant temperature sensor.
4. Remove water outlet and gaskets, heater pipe, water bypass hoses and water pipe.
Revision: December 2011 CO-28 2012 Xterra
 WATER OUTLET AND WATER PIPING
< REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION > [VQ40DE]
INSTALLATION
Installation is in the reverse order of removal, paying attention to the following. A
• Securely insert each hose, and install clamp at a position where it does not interfere with the pipe bulge.
• When inserting water pipe into water outlet, apply mild soap to O-ring.
CAUTION: CO
Do not reuse O-ring.
INSPECTION AFTER INSTALLATION
• Check for engine coolant leaks. Refer to CO-10, "System Inspection". C
• Start and warm up engine. Visually check for coolant leaks. Repair as necessary.
• Check and adjust engine coolant level. Refer to MA-13, "Fluids and Lubricants".
D

Revision: December 2011 CO-29 2012 Xterra

 SERVICE DATA AND SPECIFICATIONS (SDS)
< SERVICE DATA AND SPECIFICATIONS (SDS) [VQ40DE]

SERVICE DATA AND SPECIFICATIONS (SDS)

SERVICE DATA AND SPECIFICATIONS (SDS)
Standard and Limit INFOID:0000000007361635

ENGINE COOLANT CAPACITY (APPROXIMATE)

Unit: (US qt, Imp qt)

Engine coolant capacity (With reservoir tank at “MAX” level) 10.2 (10-3/4, 9)

RADIATOR
Unit: kPa (kg/cm2, psi)

Reservoir cap relief pressure Standard 98 - 118 (1.0 - 1.2, 14 - 17)

Test pressure 157 (1.6, 23)

THERMOSTAT

Valve opening temperature 80.5 - 83.5°C (177 - 182°F)

Full-open lift amount 8.6 mm / 95°C (0.339 in / 203°F)
Valve closing temperature 77°C (171°F)

Revision: December 2011 CO-30 2012 Xterra