Rope

access

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 First of all
Remember!.
- The material presented in brief is a basis.
- There are more options than those shown.
- There is no substitute for seeing the writing
requirements of the law and the provisions
of the manufacturers.
- If in doubt you can consult with p.s.k.
instructors
 First of all
Organization chart themes
entry Equipment Workstation Motion on a Basic skill Attache
line
Background General General Entry General Knots

Rope access Descending Anchors Start Passing knot Pulley

devices rappelling system
Safety rules Fall arrest Forces on Descending Traverse rescue
devices the anchor
point
Advantages Ascending Backup Ascending/ Basic rescue
Disadvantages devices climbing

Sports vs Rope Anchor

Industry equalizer
Work seat
 Main Menu
entry
Equipment
Workstation
Motion on a line
Basic skill
Attache
summary
Primary

‫מבוא‬
Background
Rope access
Safety rules
Advantages Disadvantages
Sports vs Industry
 Primary

Secondary Background
History
Man has always tried to reach high places in
various ways.
Modern era of industrial rope access adopted
sports methods to address problem areas.
 Primary

Secondary Background
What is abseiling/rappelling?
Movement on the ropes (down, up, and even
sideways).
Unique action area (relative to other modes of
working at height).
apparently simple activity, But:
- A wide range of products and options.
- various/different Methods (anywhere in the
world).
- broad discretion rests on simple basic
principles.
 Primary

Secondary Background
Demands from worker for this field:
- Personal skills.
- Double coping (rope+professional work
skills).
- Skill acquisition process is relatively long.
- The difference between the types of work in
the field (windows, signs, etc.).
- professionalism in routine work.
 Primary

Secondary Rope access

Characteristics of this method:
- requires access to a top spot.
- Extended stay on the rope.
- Problem with carrying cargo and equipment.
- Be Alone, personal coping.
- different/Exceptional work environment .
- Limited to certain types of work.
- Whom is it for?? (Probably not for everyone).
 Primary

Secondary Rope access

Rope access techniques are implemented in a wide
variety of users and groups. Each domain runs by
different standards tailored to the needs
Sporty - hiking, abseiling, and challenge activities.

Climbing - a field which dictated Minimalistim

based products.

Caves and canyons - access to distant places using

single rope (in most cases).
 Primary

Secondary Rope access

Search and rescue

Special Forces
 Primary

Secondary Rope access

Work at height - adopting the course of action for
the industry while establishing strict safety
demands for equipment and mode of action.

Arborist - an area that uses a unique work methods

on rope.
 Primary

Secondary Safety rules

Main requirements :
- Performance the work by an authorized worker.
- presence of "abseiling professional manager”.
- Short fall arrest connection to upper point on
the harness/
- Using standard ascender/descender.
- Closing the danger zone below working erea.
- protect rope from sharp corners and working
tools.
 Primary

Secondary Advantages Disadvantages

rope access - Advantages
Access to complex situations in height.
Light equipment (unlike scaffold / Platforms).
Availability and speed (depending at work).
High level of safety.
 Primary

Secondary Advantages Disadvantages

Rope access - Disadvantages
Requires skilled staff.
The method is not intended for heavy/difficult
works.
ropes injuries from Environmental factors
Requires access to the top spot (usually).
 Primary

Secondary Sports vs Industry

As in any field, even here, there is a difference
between work and sports. Existing industries
and jobs that require additional treatment.
The difference between sports and industrial
area can be measured in several ways:
- Standards and equipment.
- Methods
- Rules and regulations.
- Exposure time, skill.
- Products and manufacturers.
 Primary

Secondary Sports vs Industry

Industry Sport
Full body Harness half harness.
Automatic descender Open descender
Stricter requirements Basic Standard.
professional manager. Broad discretion.
Heavy equipment Light equipment
Stringent characteristics improvisation Options
Primary

Equipment
General.
Descending devices
Fall arrest devices
Ascending devices
Rope
Work seat
 Primary

Secondary General
Background
- Rope access Equipment is different and
unique from other works in height.
- selecting equipment will be adjusted to the
type of work and user comfort.
- Recognition of the equipment and
operating characteristics will advantage an
high efficiency of the equipment at work.
- From time to time, a new product comes
out into the market, we must catch up, and
not remain far behind.
 Primary

Secondary General
General operation with rope access equipment.
- Check product completeness and matching the
type of work required.
- Prevention of textiles on textiles (movement /
friction).
- Preventing metal on metal (twist / bending).
- 100% working rope connecting to lower point.
- 100% safety rope connecting to the upper point.
Note: These instructions come in addition to
p.p.e rules.
 Primary

Secondary General
KN :tearing strength load testing (gross).
European standard requirement for testing
static load for each item of personal protective
equipment, defines a load operation for three
minutes (at a defined standard of attraction), to
test resistance to tearing.

KG: Maximum working load (net).

Given shown in "kg” units (similar to lifting
accessories), shows the allowed weight and
safe to use. Manufacturer committed to
product safety factor for the product, which
ensures greater strain to prevent tearing.
 Primary

Secondary General
Standard
For works at height, were defined a number of
standards, which are under common title (PPE)
to protect against a fall from a height.
Also, there is a group of standards
characterized and incorporated into sport under
a different title (equipment for mountain).
Despite the differences between the groups,
there is an ideological affinity for the two
groups and users often becomes borrow of
products between fields.
 Primary

Secondary General
The manufacturer's instructions.
Height labor regulations do not define courses
of action for rope access workers, and training
programs which were published by the Ministry
of Industry, imply about the procedures and
practices required.
Manufacturer's data source completes the work
rules for the user.
Reading and understanding the manufacturer's
instructions will lead to Correct and efficient
use of the product
 Primary

Secondary Descending devices

Definitions
EN-341:Friction device for download rescue
EN-12841: rope access ascender.

"PANIC PROOF”: Automatic locking

mechanism in case of:
1. Leaving hands (intentionally / unintentionally).
2.Clicking on the handle overflow control
(present on some devices).

"STUPID PROOF”: Safety lock in case of

incorrect connection.
 Primary

Secondary Descending devices

General action with descender.
- Select the appropriate device.
- Make sure the device matching rope
(diameter), and the weight is loaded.
- Use both hands while rappelling (strong
hand on the rope).
- Device connected without harmful pressure
or twisting.
- Choosing how to connect the device by the
user convenience (right / left to prevent
crossover rope).
 Primary

Secondary Descending devices

Products on the market.
Range of products in the market is wide and
varied. All the time new products are
developed .
Grouping
Sporty: small, easy, simple friction devices.
Industry: Automatic friction devices, safety
aspect improved .
Improvised: knots, coiling rope on a ring to
create friction.
Other: unique products for rescue, escape,
Arborist, special units, etc.
 Primary

Secondary Descending devices

I.D.
Small model 10 to 11.5 mm diameter ropes.
Large model from 11.5 to 13 mm diameter ropes.
Standards EN-341, EN-12 841 / C.
Advantages:
dual Mechanism for preventing drop.
Protection against incorrect.
Comfort with flowing the rope while climbing.
Secure mode (does not require tying).
Disadvantages:
Large compared with other devices in the market.
Requires skill working with control handle.
 Primary

Secondary Descending devices

STOP
Rope diameter 9-12 mm.
Standard: EN-341.
Advantages:
Allows quick rappelling.
Allows disabling automatic locking mechanism.
Cheap (relatively).
Familiar, and is commonly used for many years.
Disadvantages:
Abrasion Quickly (relatively).
Requires locking wrapping / tying.
Difficulty with rope Flowing while climbing.
single "Panic"Action.
No "stupid proof"
 Primary

Secondary Descending devices

RIG
Year: 2010
10.5 to 11.5 mm diameter ropes.
standards: EN 12 841, EN-341
Is heir to "STOP".
Advantages:
Smaller than I.D.
Comfort with flowing the rope while climbing.
Disadvantages:
single "Panic"Action.
No "stupid proof"
Difficulty with locking If slide.
 Primary

Secondary Fall arrest devices

Definitions
EN 353-1: Guided fall arrest for temporary vertical
anchor line.
EN-12841: safety for rope access works.
Fall shock absorber - "mouse"
Worker Which falls on the emergency system (stopping
a fall), will exposed to the force not exceeding 6KN
(600 kg).
The safety device has been tested by the standard
requirements for this purpose.
Combined with the proper use of the rope (see elasticity
and dynamics of rope later) and using the
manufacturer's instructions will ensure effective
instrument blocking fall.
 Primary

Secondary Fall arrest devices

instructions for working with backup System
- Understand manufacturer emphases and product
limits.
- Confirm course of action and safe closing.
- Check the mouse matching to the rope diameter.
- Right connection will be short (about 30 cm).
- the mouse will be Connected to the harness top
point.
- Safety "Mouse” is designed for a single worker.
 Primary

Secondary Fall arrest devices

Products on the market.
Security devices are a subset of products that
meet the definition of rope grab.
The role of the security apparatus to deal with
the dynamic fall forces.
Range of products on the market that are
complying with standard allow a wide choice
for every mode and every employee.
 Primary

Secondary Fall arrest devices

ROCKER
Manufacturer: I.S.C. England.
Year: 2000
Standard: EN-353-2, EN-358, EN-12841A.
Rope diameter: 10.5 to 12.7 mm.
Advantages
Can be lock on the rope.
Can be load up as work and position system.
Can be easily release (relatively).
Disadvantages
Does not move fluently on the rope.
 Primary

Secondary Fall arrest devices

A.S.A.P.
Manufacturer: "petzl" France.
Year: 2007.
Standard: EN-353-2, EN-12841.
Rope diameter: 10-13 mm
Advantages
Free flow on the line.
Reduced falling distance (follow the user).
Disadvantages
Is not adapted to be used as rope grab
committed an integral shock absorber.
 Primary

Secondary Fall arrest devices

STICK - RUN
Manufacturer: KOMMET
Year: 1988
Standard: EN 353-2
Rope diameter: 10.5 to 12 mm.
Advantages
can be connected to the rope without
disconnecting from the harness (cannot fall).
Moves smoothly
Disadvantages
Difficulty in releasing lock case / catch.
 Primary

Secondary Ascending devices

Definitions
EN-567: rope grab into sports.
EN-12841: rope access rope ascender.

rope ascenders designed to allow one-way

free movement, and are used mainly for
climbing on rope.

In a great variety of products, in addition to

"improvisations" and options from parallel
fields.
 Primary

Secondary Ascending devices

Safety Rule
- Chose the appropriate Product.
- The device is not designed to deal with
stopping a fall.
- Make sure rope diameter adjustment.
- Intelligent use to prevent rope damage.
 Primary

Secondary Ascending devices

Products on the market
Grouping:
grip handle Products.
foot Adjusted Products
harness Adjusted (chest).
small rope grabs (multi-purpose).
improvised rope grab.

More products can grab a rope but less fit for

climbing up.
 Primary

Secondary Ascending devices

jumar
Category: handle rope grab.
Standard: EN-567, EN-12841
Rope diameter: 8-13 mm.
Advantages
Comfortable grip/pulling handle .
Disadvantages
Large size.
Incorrect operation may disconnected from
rope.
 Primary

Secondary Ascending devices

TIBLOC
Category: rope grab.
Standard: EN-567
Rope diameter: 8-11 mm
Advantages
Small and compact.
You can not disconnect accidentally.
Disadvantages
Requires two hands to assemble and remove.
Difficulty with download.
 Primary

Secondary Ascending devices

prusik
Category: improvised rope grab.
Standard: Industry?? (key Product in sports
activities).
Advantages
Simple and cheap
Easy to use.
Works in two directions.
Disadvantages
Non-standard (used an accessory).
Locked under load.
 Primary

Secondary Rope
Definitions
EN-1891: Static rope.
EN-892: Dynamic rope.
EN-564- service/secondary rope (up to 8.5 mm).
 Primary

Secondary Rope
Safety instructions
Check the ropes before each use.
Protect ropes in corner and vulnerable point.
Protect Rope from chemicals and solvents.
Avoid friction between two textile products.
Ropes should be stored in a cool, dry place.
disqualify rope in the case of wear and tear,
erosion, defect noticeable.
 Primary

Secondary Rope
rope folding and Storage .
Coiling rope in an organized and consistent
coils, will make Easier opening toward, and
maintaining better on the line during
transmission and storage.
 Primary

Secondary Rope
Elasticity
Degree of elasticity (by about 3%)
describes the elongation of rope for
adding a load of 100 kg (for rope already
stretching force of 50 kg).
Adding additional load will cause
prolongation of the rope, until tearing in
maximum load (elasticity of about 40%).
Note:
loose safety rope, length 100 meters, will
be extended more than 3 matar to remove
elasticity while stopping a fall.
 Primary

Secondary Rope
Energy suspension
Fall factor: is the ratio between the distance
of free fall of the body, and the length of the
rope participant braking and provides
elasticity relief.
The standard requires the rope to be tested by
a fall factor of 0.3 (0.6-meter free-fall rope
two meters in length), to absorb limited power
of 6KN on the falling body.
 Primary

Secondary Rope
Rope Accessories
rope corner Protection.
Reduces corner friction.
Rope beg
Washing Tool
Mark Ink.
 Primary

Secondary Work seat

Definition
Convenience Accessory of rope access,
eliminates the harness pressure and allows
longer time of working.
 Primary

Secondary Work seat

Safety instructions
- Be sure to adjust the seat for maximum comfort.
- long working seat will make it difficult
exit/begin rappelling and solve problems if any.
- Organize the equipment on the seat for easy use.
- Connect the lower harness point to descender
(work seat has no standard).
 Primary

Secondary Work seat

Considerations in adapting the work chair
Set descender (right / left).
Distance of descender from board.
Equipment hanging points.
 Primary

Secondary Work seat

Products on the market.
improvised chair

Industrial chair (manufacturer).

Integrated chair harness (tree works).

Primary

Workstation
General
Anchors
Forces on the anchor point
Backup
Anchor equalizer
 Primary

Secondary General
Definition
Rappelling Station: Pair of ropes use for access
between anchor point Finishing point.
Organizing Area: Territory between anchors
and rappelling exit points (roof). Territory that
used for installing rappelling Station and rescue
solution.
installing Rappelling station requires experience,
and required further consideration and skill in
complex situations.
 Primary

Secondary General
order of actions in Installing rappelling station.
- Finding anchoring points (work/safety line).
- Rope check before use
- Rope Secure before downloading.
- Download Rope along the rappelling route the
extent required.
- anchoring the rope to the anchor point.
- Divert Ropes to work point (if necessary).
- Collect extra rope by side
- Repeat steps with the second rope as well .
 Primary

Secondary General
Risk factors in rappelling station.
falling objects from roof Edg/working surface.
Worker safety if needed while installing ropes.
Obstacles that may pose a risk to the ropes.
Rope edge Protection, and other risky points.
Ground point (end), obstacles, vehicles Etc.
rope threats on Organizing Area.
 Primary

Secondary General
Considerations in choosing Anchors .
Far anchoring (elasticity).
too close anchoring (difficulty exit/ rescue).
Low anchoring (difficulty/inconvenient exit).
High anchoring (anchoring/rescue difficulty).
anchoring the axis of work rappelling
direction (no need to steer rope line).
obstacles between Anchor and exit point.

Selecting anchor points requires skill and

experience. Urban situations poses simple
solutions than outdoor Activities .
 Primary

Secondary Anchors
Simple solution for rope accesse are drilled
anchors, In addition there are unique products to
cope with problematic situations.
Definition
Anchor - rappelling/safety line connection point.
Backup - extra defensive action in case of failure
Indirect Backup - nearby additional connection
point anchor.
equalizing Load - spread force between two
points.
If in doubt about anchor point, make ​a backup,
consult or examined other way of action.
 Primary

Secondary Anchors
Anchor point
Drilled anchor are used in a variety of situations
in everyday life. using drilled anchor into rope
access work, There are a number of questions
(and for some of them there isn’t clear-cut
and/or statutory answer).
Who may prescribe an anchor?
Who may approve an anchor point?
What about distant points, below the ceiling
How often anchor testing is required ?
What is the anchor safe load?
 Primary

Secondary Anchors
In the market – serial products.
serial products meet EN-795 standard or
equivalent standard. Have to work according
to the manufacturer's instructions (force
directions, weight limit , etc).
 Primary

Secondary Anchors
Engineering Anchor - structured.
For unique situations anchor can be planned
based on the requirements of the Standard and
certified by an engineer.
Limits will be Determined to amount of users
and how to use (shock absorber).
 Primary

Secondary Forces on the anchor point

Retrieval vs cutting force
Retrieval power put to the test the relationships
between anchor and wall to which it is connected.
Shear strength test the anchor bolt survival with
breaking/bending and tearing force.

cutting

Retrieval
 Primary

Secondary Forces on the anchor point

Redirecting rappelling ropes.
In general, it is best to anchor rappelling rope along
axis of work route. Necessity of rope Redirecting is
forced under Complex terrain conditions
Under Extreme situations, Complex angles create
large forces on the anchor

Shifting Redirect Common Redirecting

 Primary

Secondary Backup
Back up is made out of doubt to reliability of
anchor point to which we are connected.
There is no doubt that choosing the anchor point
requires considerable experience and judgment.
Even the regulation is not being focused or clear
about the anchor point definition.
Choosing between a large object or engineering
approval anchor point, creates a dilemma. It is
clear that this dilemma can be turned off by
connecting to both anchors
 Primary

Secondary Backup
Backup indirectly.
In This action the load will be transferred to
an alternative point only in case of the
first/Main point is collapsed.

Attention points.
Could be a chain reaction collapse
Distance and response times
Static load against the force of stopping a fall.
 Primary

Secondary Backup
Direct backup.
Load is divided between the anchor points but
not equally. This is basically a condition
intermediate between indirect anchoring and
classic anchor equalizer.

Attention points.
Directed force.
Consider Replacing to anchor equalizer (next
issue).
 Primary

Secondary Anchor equalizer

Definition
The Idea of ​backup requires more than a
single anchor.
Load Dividing applied the idea of ​reducing
the load from the anchor versus indirect
connection to another one (backup).
Less load/force on the anchor more safety
against failure.
 Primary

Secondary Anchor equalizer

Triangle Load Dividing.
This is actually interim situation between the
backup and Dividing weight, and only a narrow
range of situations under this method really
reduces load from the anchor.

Note
Care should be taken with very small angle
between the anchors.
Direction of force will be Aimed to central axis.
 Primary

Secondary Anchor equalizer

anchor equalizer Principles
Set the force direction.
Comparing distances between anchors (front / rear).
Use a short sling to reduce fall distances.
Division between up to three points with one system.
Keeping small angle as possible between the anchors.
Possibility of combining the principles of backup and
weight distribution.
 Primary

Secondary Anchor equalizer

Anchor equalizer vs triangle anchor forces
Anchor equalizer
equalizer triangle Anchor angle
50% 71% 0
52% 82% 30
58% 100% 60
71% 131% 90
100% 193% 120
140
Triangle anchor 146% 288%
193% 383% 150
288% 574% 160
574% 1146% 170
1146% 2292% 175
2865% 5730% 178
Primary

Motion on a line
Entry
Start rappelling
Descending
Ascending/climbing
 Primary

Secondary Entry
Ascending/descending on the ropes are the
basic of this method. Attention to simple basic
rules will improve safety and efficiency at
work.
 Primary

Secondary Entry
Apparently, rappelling on ropes is a simple and
basic action, especially under industrial
environment.
This field is using automated devices, but
requires organized with many number of
elements and heavy equipment.
the early stages required guidance and patience
to instill the basic principles of operation.
After the acquisition of basic skills and
experience, base operations are performed
automatically and sometimes excessive self-
confidence (which may lead to errors).
 Primary

Secondary Start rappelling

Start rappelling
Transition from standing on roof/sitting on the
rail, into Hanging on the working board position,
is a weakness that requires more attention.
Attention points before exiting.
Setup ropes Directions by convenience.
Choosing Exit direction (right / left).
Difficult exit, making gradually Move.
 Primary

Secondary Start rappelling

Rappelling Exit sequence.
Organization tools beyond the point of exit.
Checking safety equipment.
Connection safety device.
Connecting rappelling device + secure lock.
Put rappelling/safety devices in future Hanging
position.
Exit into Hanging Position.
Full Check after positioning on ropes
(connectors, descender Secured , harness to
seat connection, rope corner protector).
Picking up working tools, beginning work.
 Primary

Secondary Start rappelling

Types of start rappelling situations.
The difference of exit is stems from two factors.
Position to which we goes:Anchor Location:
A vertical wall. High and close.
Positive slope. Low and far.
Negative over hang.

Start rappelling from close and raised anchor points

to a positive slope or a vertical wall, would be
easier than facing out from distant and lower
anchor to over hang negative Position
 Primary

Secondary Descending
Rappelling: Movement along ropes.

Rope access required working with

automatic friction devices, which
provide easy use and better safety

Following a few ground rules would

improve Safety and removing possible
risk factors.
 Primary

Secondary Descending
Safety system practical rules.
Safety device (mouse) connection, freely and
not too long, will allow comfortable
rappelling and the existence of effective
emergency system in case of failure.

Safety system
connection to upper point on the harness.
Mouse Distance will be about 30 cm (or
according to manufacturer's instructions).
Security line on the opposite side to the hand
holding rappelling rope.
 Primary

Secondary Descending
Working system practical rules.
Direction and distance of rappelling device is Set
by the user, and Allowing better control.

Working System
setting device by your comfort (right / left).
Operating device with two hands (device+rope).
Descending control is by the hand on the rope.
Secure descender when exit/work/spot situations.
 Primary

Secondary Descending
Attention points while surfing.
Heating device (faster rappelling/Heavy load).
Long runs (elastic, changed rope behavior).
Sudden stops (device and ropes abrasion ).
 Primary

Secondary Ascending/climbing
climbing
rope Climbing is a necessary basic
skill for rope access worker. There
are several options for rope climbing.
This ability completes the upward
movement as well as a basis for
solving problems (basic exercises
below).
 Primary

Secondary Ascending/climbing
Rules and regulations while climbing.
Make sure climbing device matching the rope.
Ensuring free mouse movement while climbing.
Devices position on an optimal distance.
Perform moderate steps.
Perform up effective movement using the whole
body (hands / feet).
 Primary

Secondary Ascending/climbing
A classic (G'umars).
This is a basic climbing Technique which one
ascender is connected to the worker and the
other one used as step two feet rise.
Suitable for long distances climbing.
1:1 Progress ratio.
Efficiency depends on the type of product
(foot device + chest rope grab, compared to
prusik + knot as a step).
 Primary

Secondary Ascending/climbing
Climbing(Combined) with descender.
This Climbing technique, basically belongs to
rope access Users (not into sports). Adding rope
grab Above, creates easier but slower option.
1:3 Progress ratio (Classic"Z" pulley system).
Effectiveness of the method is due to a friction
device, and convenience of raising the rope
grab/ascender.
 Primary

Secondary Ascending/climbing
1:2 interim situation.
This method is popular especially in Climbing
trees, due to a double rope technique, and as
an interim solution to previous methods.

Climbing operational / mechanical.

Development of advanced solutions for
special units and rescue forces. Using a rope
winch allows ascending with heavy loads
quickly and easily.
Primary

Basic skill
General
Passing knot
Traverse
Basic rescue
 Primary

Secondary General
The principle of load transfer.
Solving problems in rope access situations,
based on the idea of transferring loads between
points. Even rappelling/climbing actions based
on load transfer principle (basic level). dealing
with more complex problems required more
attention.
Set load transfer points (two end points).
- Passive action of release and transfer of load.
- Active action of pull or put in the load.
Where the load is? And where it is transferred?
 Primary

Secondary General
Think and plan.
Understanding the problem and planning a
course of action will lead to easy and simple
solution.
Remember: There are several courses of
action and you need to select the appropriate
for the situation in which you are!
Making small action steps
Every problem or exercise, consist of smaller
actions. Understanding the order and precision
of these steps will resolve the problem in an
easy and secure way.
 Primary

Secondary General
Order and organize
Density is formed around the limited working
space where we are, there is a great impact fot
the organized aspect of operations.
Dividing work areas left / right, will prevent
crosses, twists and unnecessary stress on the
equipment.
Once the load exchange (between points/
systems), requires care and attention for order
and location of the equipment components
taking part in changing the load, to prevent
dangerous pressures.
 Primary

Secondary Passing knot

Passing a knot
This is a basic exercise that combines basic
load transfers and initial implementation of
safety principles in solving problems.
This is required when identifying a defect in
the rope while rappelling (making alpine
butterfly), or in the event of connecting cords.
This exercise introduces the basic concept of
load transfer to alternative point, which allows
to solve the problem and then return the load
for continue with working.
 Primary

Secondary Passing knot

Step 1
Stop about half a meter above the knot.
Connecting rope grab to load transfer point.
Lifting rope grab for short-term load.
 Primary

Secondary Passing knot

Step 2
Continue rappelling.
Load controlled transfer to rope grab (Jumar).
Beware of cross, twists and pressure on
Load transfer point.
transfer descender below the knot.
Lock Check.
 Primary

Secondary Passing knot

Step 3
Add prosik above descender.
Transfer load to prosik (stepp up and
standing).
Download Jumar carefully (in small
steps).
Completing of action to recover load to
descender
 Primary

Secondary Passing knot

Step 4
Check load transfer, connection and
direction of the descender
Disconnect Jumar and prosik (rope
grabs.
Continue rappeling.
 Primary

Secondary Traverse
Horizontal movement - Traverse.
Complex work situations require skipping
between anchor points. Sometimes there are
anchors, and sometimes we required to prepare
them in order to progress.
General instructions
Choosing optimized ascender/descender.
Preference of short work chair.
Preventing direct connection to anchor
(eliminates possibility of rescue).
Ordered and controlled load transfers .
 Primary

Secondary Traverse
Step 1
Connect Mouse (safety
rope grab) to the chair
before transfer load.

Step 2
Redirect the safety rope
into progress route (new
anchor).
 Primary

Secondary Traverse
Step 3
Create pulley system
with safety rope.

Step 4
Primary load transfer by
pulling safety rope.

.
 Primary

Secondary Traverse
Step 5
Descending and complete
load transfer to safety
mouse.

Step 6
Pulling out rope from the
descender and redirect to
the next anchor.
 Primary

Secondary Traverse
Step 7
Create pulley system with
rappelling rope

Step 8
Primary load transfer by
pulling rappelling rope.
 Primary

Secondary Traverse
Step 9
Completion of load
transfer to descender
by downloading safety
device (using prosik)

Further load transfer

between anchors, up to
the working point.
 Primary

Secondary Basic rescue

General
Basic rescue exercise based on the
replacement of fixed anchor points (figure
eighth), into ascender.

This is a basic skill exercise which solve

problems from anchor point, using a pulley
system for transfers load of anchor.

For certain situations, ascender

can be pre anchored.
 Primary

Secondary Basic rescue

Step 1
Begin work on a slack
rope.
Connecting an Italian
knot/ascender beyond the
anchor point.
 Primary

Secondary Basic rescue

Step 2
Disconnect anchor knot
(figure eighth).
Opening Italian knot,
and reducing back slack
rope (reduction of about
a meter rope).
 Primary

Secondary Basic rescue

Step 3
Work on a second line
(under load).
Connecting an Italian
knot/ascender beyond
the anchor point.
 Primary

Secondary Basic rescue

Step 4
Anchor point load reduction
by using pulley system
Disconnect figure eighth
knot.
 Primary

Secondary Basic rescue

Step 5
Untie figure eighth knot.
Reducing slack rope back
into the Italian knot, and
make sure secure lock.
 Primary

Secondary Basic rescue

Step 6
Load returns to Italian knot by
Unload pulley system.
Disconnect pulley system
from the rope grab.
 Primary

Secondary Basic rescue

Step 7
Now, when the rope access system is
connected to two ascending devices,
controlled downloaded can be done by two
employees.
In case of a rescue by a single worker, ropes
will be secured to harness (prusik).
Single rescues is a critical point.
Primary

Attache
Knots
Pulley system
rescue
 Primary

Secondary Knots
Introduction
The presented knots use as basic which
required for rope access worker.

Increased knowledge will lead to higher

abilities in dealing with complex situations.
 Primary

Secondary Knots
Designation :
Creating consistency / common language.
improvised knot may cause failure.

Basic rules for making knot:

- Fit into the Purpose (forces direction).
- Easy to tie/untie
- ensuring knot order ("good knot looks
good").
 Primary

Secondary Knots
Overhand knot
Designation: Basic knot for marking end of
rope / Create a loop / Secure other knots.

Rope weakness degree: 60% single rope,

45% for loop (double rope).

Practical rules: Attention to order in

overhand loop.
 Primary

Secondary Knots
Figure eight loop
Designation: Basic anchor loop.

Rope weakness degree: About 30% in loop

anchor.

Practical rules: Attention to twists/curves

and crosses in the knot, which weaken the
rope and make it difficult to open.
 Primary

Secondary Knots
Alpine butterfly
Designation: middle rope loop which
different operating directions can be load.

Rope weakness degree: about 35% in each

direction of work.
Practical rules: this knot identified with mark
of disqualified rope.
 Primary

Secondary Knots
Bowline knot
Designation: Fast rope connecting around
large points.
Rope weakness degree: about 30%. Knot can
be opened easily even after loading Great
forces.
Practical rules: must be secured with double
overhand knot.
 Primary

Secondary Knots
Italian knot
Designation: improvised ascender.
Practical rules: must be secured with three
half lock.
Comfortable use with large/wide carabine.
Free rope (holding hand), placed on strong
side of the ring (In front of the gate).
 Primary

Secondary Knots
Prusik knot
Designation: Improvised rope grab.

weakness degree: depends on prusik

thickness (approximately -600-750 kg).

Practical rules: match the prusik diameter to

the rope which we use (usually 6-7 mm).
 Primary

Secondary Pulley system

Definition
Using pulleys as mechanical advantage which
gain power at the expense of distance.

Profit ratio.
The system shows the relationship between
the weight/force to be applied in relation to
the original weight (1:2, 1:3, etc.), as well as
this ratio shows the "price" of the distance we
need to pull, meaning half weight twice
distance.
 Primary

Secondary Pulley system

The force principle.
A Forces above and under the pulley are equal.
force on both sides of the pulley ropes equal.
Point "A" forced by 250 kg (1:2).
Point "B" forced by 500 kg (1:1).
500
kg

The distance principle.

How much rope required to pull, for lifting
the load a single meter
Point "A" need to be pulled two meters (1:2).
point "B" need to be pulled one meter (1:1).
500
B kg
 Primary

Secondary Pulley system

Rules for making pulley system.
Set of an optimal system ratio .
Should aim for simple system.
defined system endpoints
Keep order of the ropes.
Combining rope grab.
 Primary

Secondary Pulley system

Types of systems.
Added
Odd / Even.

Complex
doubles.
 Primary

Secondary rescue
Rope access rescue.
Basic rope access devices allows rescue
response. In addition, most of the forces
involved in search and rescue used rope
access techniques.
Rescue operation requires skill and
experience which under pressure requires
extra caution and judgment.
 Primary

Secondary rescue
Rules and procedures.
Called for help.
Wait a minute! think and plan your course of action.
Avoid worsening the situation (injury extracted /
yourself).
Do not perform any action if you do not understand
and know the consequences arising from it.
Use familiar and suitable rescue equipment.
Priority for rescue operation by two people.

Out of the regulation.

 Primary

Secondary rescue
Risk assessment.
Assistance: called for help and teamwork will
promote rescue operations.
Casualty situation: there is great difficulty in
providing first aid to worker hang on harness.
Rescue the worker to safe area.

time : Under pressure situations time flies.

Environment: height, weather, obstacles affect
the rescue difficulties and considerations in
choosing the course of action required.
 Primary

Secondary rescue
Extraction systems.
lifting extraction system in EN-1496.
Product Definition for safe lift, while limiting
the load level to prevent a possible collapse
or create damage.

Download Rescue System EN-341.

Download friction device of a single / double
(according to the manufacturer's instructions).

Integrated system, enables you to perform two

actions to quick rescue.
 Primary

Secondary rescue
Options of action
Rescue system location:
Above the worker (from anchor point).
Hanging on (rappelling with the worker).
Obstacles preventing injury:
By another employee with a rope from below.
By rappelling rescuer.

Choosing the rescue method is affected by the

situation/Conditions of extracted.
Note: In general, it is recommended to
rescue down and in exceptional cases need
to rescue up.
Primary

summary
This product is used as the basis of
information, into a broad and diverse practice
that brings every day new Options/solutions.

With attempt to know all the products and

methods of operation, there is the most
important principle of the use of personal
protective equipment in case of a possible
mistake