TYPES OF HOUSING UNITS IN INDIA

● LIG- The full form of LIG is the

Low Income Group.
FIRE SAFETY INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING:
● EWS: The full form of EWS is ● Each floor of the building should have two
the Economically Weaker staircase exits for faster evacuation during a fire.
Section. It includes households This is crucial for buildings where residential
whose annual income is up to accommodation exceeds 150 sq meters of the
Rs 3 lakh. They are also known floor area and holds a capacity of 20 occupants.
as the Economy based Also, the width of the staircases should be at
un-reserved category. An EWS least two meters wide.
flats carpet area is up to 30 sq ● PROVISION FOR REFUGE AREA- A refuge area
meters with basic amenities can be defined as an area where people can opt
like electricity and water for shelter if a fire breaks out. As per the
supply. National Building Code, a builder should
● Janta: These are small flats mandatorily provide a refuge area in a high-rise
with one room, attached building at every seventh floor or after 24
bathrooms, and a kitchen. The meters in a high-rise building.
size of a Janta flat is between ● Staircase of lift would never open in the refuge
35-40 sq meters. The key thing area, and this shall be kept reserved only for
is that any income group emergencies.
household can afford this flat.
This is open to the masses and 1) FIRE ESCAPES OR EXTERNAL STAIRCASE-
hence the name Janta. ● Fire escape stairs shall have straight flight not less than 125 cm
● MIG: The full form of MIG is wide with 25 cm treads and risers not more than 19 cm.
Middle Income Group. ● Handrails shall be at a height not less than 100 cm.
● HIG: The full form of HIG is a ● Fire escape staircase above 24m height shall be a fire tower and
high-income group. in such a case width of the same shall not be less than the
width of the main staircase.
● The use of spiral staircase shall be limited to low occupant load
and to a building height 9 m.
● A spiral stair shall not be less than 150 cm in diameter and shall
be designed to give the adequate headroom.
● The external enclosing walls of the staircase shall be of the brick
INTERNAL CIRCULATION or the R.C.C. construction having fire resistance of not less than
EXTERNAL CIRCULATION two hours.
2) PROVISION OF LIFTS-
● Provision of the lifts shall be made for all multi-storeyed building
having a height of 15.0m and above.
● All the floors shall be accessible for 24 hrs. by the lift. The lift
provided in the buildings shall not be considered as a means of
escape in case of emergency.
● Grounding switch at ground floor level to enable the fire
service to ground the lift car in case of emergency shall
also be provided.
● The lift machine room shall be separate and no other machinery
be installed in it.
● Walls of lift enclosures shall have a fire rating of two hours. Lift
shafts shall have a vent at the top of area not less than 0.2 sqm.
● The number of lifts in one lift bank shall not exceed four. A wall
of two hours fire rating shall separate individual shafts in a bank.

GNDEC INTRO. DATE SUB. DATE SHEET REMARKS SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
SCHOOL OF BACH-601 LIBRARY STUDY: HOUSING COMPLEX NO. GUNGEET KAUR
ARCHITECTURE SUB- ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN-VI 1 2099006
BATCH- 2020-2025 INTRODUCTION & FIRE SAFETY SEM-VI
LUDHIANA
 A) BOUNDARY WALL:
MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE HEIGHT, FAR, SETBACKS DWELLING UNITS AS PER AREA Facing the road- 0.9m solid wall
S. NO. PLOT SIZE NO. OF DWELLING Facing other plot- 18.3m solid wall
UNITS B) BALCONY:
Balcony or projection should be 18.3m
1 Not exceeding 500 sqm One dwelling unit on C) STAIRCASE:
each floor Min. tread- 300mm
Min. riser- 150mm
2 Above 500 sqm but not exceeding 1500 Two dwelling units on
Min. width- 1350mm
sqm each floor, whether
Min. clear head height- 2200mm
attached or detached
E) PARAPET OR RAILING:
3 Above 1500 sqm but not exceeding 2250 Three dwelling units on Min. height- 1m
sqm each floor, whether Max. height- 1.4m from the finished floor lvl
attached or detached F) GREEN AREA:
Minimum 25% of the site area in which 15% of the site
4 Above 2250 sqm but not exceeding 3000 Four dwelling units on area shall be in the form of organised park or playground with
sqm each floor, whether minimum width 15m.
attached or detached G) CONVENIENT SHOPPING:
5 Above 3000 sqm but not exceeding 3750 Five dwelling units on Max. upto 1% of the total FAR area shall be allowable for convenient
sqm each floor, whether shopping such as grocery shop, vegetable shop, laundry and dry
attached or detached cleaning, medical shop, confectionary, bakery, hair salons, stationary
shop, milk booth excluding Club house.
6 Above 3750 sqm Six dwelling units on
each floor, whether PARKING ● Parking should not be more than
attached or detached 200 ft from the dwellings that it
ROAD WIDTH FAR serves.
Minimum approach road 18m 1:2.0 ● Where necessary to provide for
MINIMUM REQUIREMENT OF BUILDING COMPONENT bumper clearance and earth beam
for suitable screen planting, parking
Minimum approach road 24m 1::2.5 COMPONENT OF BUILDING MIN. AREA MIN. MIN. CLEAR facilities should not be more than 5
(sqm) WIDTH HEIGHT (in m) ft nearer to the street.
(in m)
Minimum approach road 30m 1:3.0
Habitable room 9.5 2.4 2.75
Minimum approach road 45m Unlimited
and above Kitchen
● Where separate dining area is 5 1.8
VENTILATING SHAFT provided 4.5 1.8 2.75
● Where separate store area is 7.5 2.1
HEIGHT OF SIZE (SQM) MIN. ONE provided
BUILDING DIMENSION ● Where dining is included
10m 1.2 0.9m
Bathroom 1.8 1.2 2.1
12m 2.8 1.2m
Water Closet 1.2 0.9 2.1
18m 4.0 1.5m
24m 5.4 1.8m Combined bath & W.C. 2.8 1.2 2.1

30m 8.0 2.4m Store 3 1.2 2.2

Above 30m 9.0 3.0m Single occupancy servant room 7.5 2.1 2.75

PLOT COVERAGE
PARKING AS PER DWELLING UNITS
PLOT AREA COVERAGE ON EACH FLOOR SIZE OF DWELLING UNITS ECS
Upto 100 sq yards 66% Upto 90 sqm 1 ECS / DU

Above 100 sq yards 50% Above 90 sqm upto 120 sqm 1.5 ECS / DU

Above 600 sq yards and not 40% Above 120 sqm upto 300 sqm 2 ECS / DU
exceeding 1200 sq yards Above 300 sqm 3 ECS / DU

Above 1200 yards 33.33% Additional 10% guest parking space to be provided.
GNDEC INTRO. DATE SUB. DATE SHEET REMARKS SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
SCHOOL OF BACH-601 NO. GUNGEET KAUR
ARCHITECTURE SUB- ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN-VI LIBRARY STUDY: HOUSING COMPLEX 2 2099006
BATCH- 2020-2025 MC BYE-LAWS SEM-VI
LUDHIANA
 DESKTOP STUDY: HABITAT 67
● LOCATION : Cité Du Havre, Montreal, QC, Canada CLIMATIC FACTORS
● YEAR OF CONSTRUCTION : 1967-1969
● NUMBER OF LEVELS : 12 ● CLIMATE: Cold and Temperate
● ARCHITECT: Moshe Safdie ● The warmest month of the year
● ARCHITECTURAL STYLE : Brutalist Architecture is July
● CLIENTS : Canadian Corporation for the 1967 World ● January is the coldest month of
Exhibition. the year.
● SITE AREA : 22,160 sqm ● The driest month is February
● BUILT AREA : 30,420 sqm ● July is the sunniest month with
an average of 272 hours of
INTRODUCTION sunshine.
● Located in the Cité-du-Havre, a century-old TEMPERATURE & SUNPATHS
artificial peninsula enlarged for Expo 67, Habitat 67 HOURS OF SUNSHINE PRECIPITATION
benefits from an incomparable geographical WIND ROSE DIAGRAM
location: in front of the river, downtown and the
Old Port of Montreal. SITE PLAN
● Its terraces offer an incomparable panorama of
sights and sounds : city lights, bridge silhouettes,
river rapids, maples, oaks and poplars.
● By creating a series of properties that each feature
its own roof garden and access from an external
‘street’, the idea was to combine the urban garden
residence with the modular high-rise apartment
building.

ABOUT THE ARCHITECT

SUMMER SOLSTICE
● Moshe Safdie is an Israeli-Canadian-American
architect, urban planner, educator, theorist, and an
author.
● His works are known for dramatic curves, arrays of
geometric patterns and key placement of open
and green spaces. ● On the ground floor, a 3m high street system connects all service areas and parking
facilities. One level above the service roads is the pedestrian plaza and through the streets
covered with plastic plates that connect all parts of the project through walkways and
CONCEPT bridges.
● The circulation space includes streets, squares, sidewalks, terraces and external stairs and
“CITY WITHIN A CITY” offers leisure spaces such as tennis courts and playgrounds for children distributed
“FOR EVERYONE A GARDEN” throughout the building.
“A THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODULAR BUILDING SYSTEM” ● There is 5100 sqm of covered parking below the level of the main square with capacity for
● Safdie’s urban vision is deeply rooted in the concept of “house” — a dwelling with its 200 vehicles and 76 parking spaces outside, along the internal street and side streets.
own identity, openness in a variety of orientations, and adjacent personal outdoor EQUINOX
space within a community.
● The development was designed to integrate the benefits of suburban homes, namely
gardens, fresh air, privacy, and multileveled environments, with the economics and
density of a modern urban apartment building.
● It was believed to illustrate the new lifestyle people would live in increasingly crowded
cities around the world.

ASPECTS OF DESIGN

● Purpose: Though habitat aims to satisfy the end-user and re-imagines its function, it
forms a dense-village-like living in its spatial configuration.
● Tectonics: Habitat pledges to evolve its form, thus involving the roots and topography
of the place it stands on.
● Context: Habitat vows to experience the structure in synchronization with not only its
context but as an independent entity.

WINTER SOLSTICE
GNDEC INTRO. DATE SUB. DATE SHEET REMARKS SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
SCHOOL OF BACH-601 NO. GUNGEET KAUR
ARCHITECTURE SUB- ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN-VI DESKTOP STUDY: HABITAT 67
1 2099006
BATCH- 2020-2025 SEM-VI
LUDHIANA
SPACES ROOM PLANS
● Habitat 67 comprises of 158 dwelling units formed from 354 prefabricated stacked concrete
modules arranged in various geometric configurations to reach 12 storeys in height.
● Fifteen different housing types were developed.
● These varied between 60 and 160 square meters, each accommodating between 1 and 8
modules and distributed in 1 or 4 rooms.
● All of the houses have one 20m² to 90m² private roof garden.
● Each prefabricated module measures 11.80 x 5.30 x 3.50m and weigh between 70-90 tn.
● In later years the amount of housing decreased to 146 as some of the adjacent modules
joined.

CIRCULATION

PRIVATE CIRCULATION

● Many of the apartment consist of

more than one boxes that are
interconnected through small 1st FLOOR 2nd FLOOR 3rd FLOOR 4th FLOOR
staircases.
● The circulation system gives to the
habitat the essence of a vertically
developed village.

COMMON CIRCULATION
● Circulation within the habitat is achieved
through 18 external corridors- streets 7 stair
shafts and 6 elevator shafts.
● Three vertical cores direct the vertical
circulation throughout the complex.
● The thrusts pause at every fourth level and
5th FLOOR
handle interaction as pedestrian streets. 6th FLOOR 7th FLOOR
● These streets help access the dwellings, owing
to their continuity and movement pattern
throughout the structure.

TYPES OF DWELLING UNITS

8th FLOOR 9th FLOOR 10th FLOOR 11th FLOOR

LEGEND
INDOOR AREA SPACES OUTDOOR AREA SPACES
● The apartments were divided into three
pyramids. 1. ENTRANCE/ HALL INDOOR SPACES FLOOR 1 :145 sqm FLOOR 8 :135 sqm FLOOR 1 : 60sqm FLOOR 8 : 60sqm
● The percentage of “boxes” used per 2. KITCHEN OUTDOOR SPACES FLOOR 2 :147 sqm FLOOR 9 :145 sqm FLOOR 2 : 65sqm FLOOR 9 : 60sqm
dwelling is: 6% that use only one module, 3. LIVING/ DINING FLOOR 3 :145 sqm FLOOR 10 :147 sqm FLOOR 3 : 60sqm FLOOR 10 : 65sqm
60% use two modules, 29% use 3, 4% use 4 AREA FLOOR 4 :145 sqm FLOOR 11 :145 sqm FLOOR 4 : 34sqm FLOOR 11 : 60sqm
and 1% use 5 modules. 4. TERRACE FLOOR 5 :145 sqm FLOOR 5 : 60sqm
● There is a unit that has 8 modules. 5. BATHROOM FLOOR 6 :147 sqm FLOOR 6 : 65sqm
6. BEDROOM FLOOR 7 :145 sqm FLOOR 7 : 60sqm
GNDEC INTRO. DATE SUB. DATE SHEET REMARKS SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
SCHOOL OF BACH-601 NO. GUNGEET KAUR
ARCHITECTURE SUB- ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN-VI DESKTOP STUDY: HABITAT 67
2 2099006
BATCH- 2020-2025 SEM-VI
LUDHIANA
 ORIENTATION ELEVATIONS
● There are 9 different orientations for which directions the units can take .
● They follow a similar and opposite direction on each level.
● They also form an opposite reaction to the unit below in order to stack accordingly so that each unit has
a proper terrace.
● In order to join the separate sections the orientation of the units must start to move outwards.

WEST ELEVATION

MANIPULATING THE LIGHT

● Every apartment gets at NORTH ELEVATION SOUTH ELEVATION

least three hours of
sunlight every day. STRUCTURE
● Apartments have
access to natural light- 1. The post tensioned cables run through the concrete of each
at least 3 of the sides of unit. It also shows where the steel rods would be placed in
every apartment has order to stack the units
windows, a landscaped 2. The unit are stacked together within each other. Each
terrace or a solarium. prefabricated unit has a notch cut out of the top wide enough
to fit in the next perpendicular unit. Steel rods are used to tie
them together.
3. The modular units support load and are erected one on top of
NATURAL LIGHT the other, carrying most of the load through walls and pillars.
4. The modules are connected to each other by means of
post-tension rods, cables and welds, forming a continuous
This ingenious method provided each apartment with a roof garden, a
suspension system.
constant flow of fresh air and a maximum of natural light: qualities which
5. Some of the boxes on the third floor are supported by
were unprecedented for a twelve story apartment complex. Habitat 67 thus
columns supported at the level of the second floor plaza.
pioneered the integration of two housing typologies -the suburban garden
6. Each part of the building, including the units, the pedestrian
home and the economical high-rise apartment building.
streets and the elevator cores, serve as support elements for
the distribution of the loads. The elevator and stair cores
MATERIALS transmit lateral loads to the foundations.

1. The modules were built with reinforced concrete manufactured on site, for which a true assembly line ANALYSIS & CONCLUSION
was built in place that first melted the concrete to create the module, then the electrical connections,
the kitchen, the bathrooms and the windows were installed and later a crane took it to its final location. 1. Not Only Revolutionary In Its Time,Habitat 67 has continued to influence architecture throughout the
2. The modular units were painted externally in beige-gray tones. In some enclosures of the common decades as a manifesto for a universal, modular,urban housing.
corridors, Plexiglas has been used. 2. Habitat 67 is a historic monument, recognized around the globe. This emblematic building, had significant
3. Single-unit baths of gel-coated fiberglass, kitchens manufactured by Frigidaire and Geon plasti window press coverage and caused a lot of ink to flow, both locally and internationally and still does.
frames. In the interiors wood was used in some finishes. 3. Moshe Safdie and his work,have definitely brought an architectural revolution. His fresh ideas about how a
housing complex should actually be, have changed the way we design and the way we think about the
apartment blocks once and for all.

ANALYSIS
1. Habitat was limited to its height because each unit ultimately added weight to the unit underneath it.
New advancements in structure such as carbon fiber provide a cost efficient substitute to steel and
concrete.
2. The form of habitat's units are clean, simplistic and sophisticated. I believe there have been many
enhancements in the way we find form that could be used in order to find the perfect way to join new
units

GNDEC INTRO. DATE SUB. DATE SHEET REMARKS SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
SCHOOL OF BACH-601 NO. GUNGEET KAUR
ARCHITECTURE SUB- ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN-VI DESKTOP STUDY: HABITAT 67
3 2099006
BATCH- 2020-2025 SEM-VI
LUDHIANA