CLASSIFICATION AND USES OF PLANTS • is designed to provide a less subjective way of

classification.

•It shows the evolutionary relationships

BOTANICAL CLASSIFICATION PRINCIPLES
between traits.
1. Artificial System
2. Natural System
3. Phylogenetic System
4. Phenetics System
Plant Taxonomy or Plant Systematics
5. Cladistic System
•is the science that finds, identifies, describes,
classifies, and names plants.
Artificial System
–Bacteriology
•is a non-evolutionary system as it bases on the
–Mycology - fungi
few characters and morphology of the species.
–Algology or Phycology - algae
•This principle became undesirable as more
plants have been discovered. –Lichenology

–Bryology or Muscology - mosses, liverworts,

and hornworts
Natural System
–Filicology or Pteridology – ferns
•is based on the natural relationship between
organisms.

•Some features are considered such as Scientific Names

morphology and anatomy.
•Scientific names or Binomial Nomenclature is a
scientific process wherein entities such as
plants, animals, living entities are named and
Phylogenetic System
they are derived from Latin.
• classification of plants according to
evolutionary history.
How do you write a scientific name?

•The first letter of the genus name must be

Phenetics System
written in upper case letters.
•or numerical taxonomy which is not reflect the
•The first letter of species descriptor is always
evolutionary relationship.
written in lower case letters, never in upper
•It can be considered as an early step to case even if it is a proper noun.
eliminate the subjectivity by using measured
•And the name is to be italicized or underline
and described characters.

Cladistics System
 OLD FAMILY NAME NEW FAMILY NAME COMMON FAMILY

Graminae Poaceae Grass family

Umbelliferae Apiaceae Aromatic flowering plant

Palmae Arecaceae Palm family

Labiatae Lamiaceae Mint family

Leguminosae Fabaceae Pea family

Compositae Asteraceae Aster, daisy, composite, or

sunflower family

Cruciferae Brassicaceae Mustard family

Guttiferae Clusiaceae Mangosteen family

REVIEW OF OLD AND NEW FAMILY NAMES

The International Code does accept eight alternate scientific family names that do not end in "aceae".

Example

Bamboo Bamboosa aridinarifolia

Capsicum Capsicum frutescens

Carrot Daucas carota

Maize Zea mays

Mango Mangifera indica

c. Root crops like cassava, sweet potato,

and beets are rich in starch and sugar
USES OF PLANTS
d. Fruits, except for banana, coconut,
Uses of Plants by Humans
and grains, are not good sources of food
1. Food but they add variety, flavor and some are
sources of vitamins
a. Grains like rice, wheat and corn are
staple foods which are consumed in e. Stem crops, such as sugar cane and
great quantities; energy rich food but potato are also sources of starch and sugar
low in protein.
f. Leaves like cabbage and lettuce, are
b. Legumes such as soybeans, peas, low in calories but are sources of
beans, peanuts, are rich sources of protein. vitamins and some minerals
 g. Forages and plants consumed by
livestock are used indirectly by humans

GRAINS Ampalaya (Bitter Melon/ Bitter gourd) -

Momordica charantia
Bigas (Rice) – Oryza sativa
Pipino (Cucumber) - Cucumis sativus
Mais (Corn) – Zea mays
Sayote (Chayote/ Vegetable pear) - Sechium
edule
LEGUMES Upo (Bottle Gourd) - Lagenaria siceraria
Mani (Peanuts) – Arachis hypogaea Patola (Bath Sponge) - Luffa acutangula
Mungo (Green Gram) – Phaseolus radiatus, Kamatis (Tomato) - Solanum lycopersicum,
Vigna radiate Lycopersicon lycopersicum
Bataw (Hyacinth Bean) – Lablab purpureus / Sili (sweet pepper) - Capsicum annuum
Dolichos lablab
Siling labuyo (Chili pepper) - Capsicum frutescens
Patani (Lima Bean) – Phaseolus lunatus
Okra (Gimbo) - Abelmoschus esculentus, Hibiscus
Sitaw (Stringed Bean) – Vigna unguiculata esculentus
Sigarilyas (Winged Bean) – Psophocarpus Atis (Sugar apple) - Annona squamosal
tetragonolobus
Guyabano (Soursop) - Annona muricata
Bitswelas (Baguio bean) – Phaseolus vulgaris
Anonas (custard apple) - Annona reticulate
Sitsaro (Garden Pea) – Pisum sativum
Tsiko (Chico) - Manilkara zapota
Kadios (Pigeon Pea) – Cajanus cajan
Caimito (Star apple) - Chrysophyllum cainito
Katuray (Sesban) – Sesbania grandiflora
Dalanghita - Citrus aurantium

Kalamansi - Citrus microcarpa

ROOT CROPS
Suha (Pomelo) - Citrus grandis
Labanos (Radish) – Raphanus sativus
Orange- Citrus sinensis
Kamote (Sweet Potato) – Ipomoea batatas
Mansanas (apple) - Malus domestica
Kamoteng Kahoy (Cassava) – Manihot esculenta
Duhat (Jambul, Jambolan Plum) - Syzygium
Ube (Purple Yam) – Dioscorea alata cumini
Sinkamas(Yam Bean) – Pachyrhizus erosus Bayabas (guava) - Psidium guajava

Langka (Jackfruit) - Artocarpus heterophylla

FRUITS Rimas (breadfruit) - Artocarpus camansi
Kalabasa (Squash) - Cucurbita maxima Mangga (Mango) - Mangifera indica
Kasuy (Cashew) - Anacardium occidentale

Sineguelas (Jocote, Mombin) - Spondias Uses of Plants by Humans

purpurea
2. Lumber plants such as forest trees
Santol - Sandoricum koetjape are used for building purposes, to manufacture
paper and raw materials in the production of
Lansones - Lansium domesticum
rayon
Abukado (Alligator pear) - Persea Americana
LUMBER
Balimbing (star Fruit) - Averrhoa carambola
Yakal – Hopea acuminata
Pakwan (Watermelon) - Citrullus lanatus
Lauan – Shorea negrosensis
Papaya - Carica papaya
Tangile – Shorea polysperma
Pinya (Pineapple) - Ananas comosus
Apitong – Dipterocarpus grandiflorus
Strawberry - Fragaria ananassa
Narra – Pterocarpus indicus
Sampalok (Tamarind) - Tamarindus indica
Molave – Vitex parviflora

Nipa – Nypa frusticans

STEM CROPS
Rattan – Calamus rotang
Tubo (Sugar Cane) – Saccharum officinarum
Kawayan (Bamboo) – Bambusa
Patatas (Potato) – Solanum tuberosum blumeana

Buri – Corypha utan

LEAVES Buko – Cocos nucifera

Repolyo (Cabbage) – Brassica oleraceae

Mustasa (Mustard) – Brassica juncea

Pechay – Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis Uses of Plants by Humans

Malunggay (Horse radish) – Moringa oleifera 3. Fiber plants like cotton, jute, abaca,
ramie, etc. are used for weaving cloth and
Kangkong (Potato vine) – Ipomoea aquatica other industrial products
Saluyot – Corchorus olitorus FIBER PLANTS
Letsugas (Lettuce) – Lactuca sativa Bulak (Cotton) – Gossypium hirsutum

Abaca (Manila Hemp) – Musa textilis

FORAGES Rami (China Grass) – Boehmeria nivea
Cogun – Imperata cylindrica Maguey (Century ) – Agave americana
Carrabao Grass – Paspalum conjugatum
 4. Coffee and tea are the most • Bitter gourd
important beverages from plant materials
• Effective in the treatment of diabetes
Kape (Coffee) – Coffea arabica (diabetes mellitus)

Kakaw (Cocoa) – Theobroma cacao BAWANG- Allium sativum

• Garlic

5. Various spices like black pepper, •antibacterial, antiinflammatory, anti-

cinnamon, and clove are obtained from plants, cancer and anti-hypertensive properties
as is tobacco and rubber.
BAYABAS- Psidium guajava
CONDIMENTS
• Guava
Sibuyas (Onion) – Allium cepa
Bawang (Garlic) – Allium sativum • antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, anti-
Luya (Ginger) – Zingiber officinale spasmodic, antioxidant hepatoprotective
Paminta (Black Pepper) – Piper nigrum
Atsuete – Bixa orellana LAGUNDI - Vitex negundo

• 5-leaved chaste tree

• treat cough, colds and fever

NIYOG-NIYOGAN - Quisqualis indica

6. Parts of different plants or extracts of plants
are widely used to treat human ailments • Chinese honey suckle

7. Source of industrial energy • anthelmintic

Bakawan (mangroves) – Rhizophora apiculate SAMBONG -Blumea balsamifera

• Blumea camphor

8. Masticatories for elderly • Diuretic and used to treat kidney

stones
Tabako (Tobacco) – Nicotiana tabacum
TSAANG GUBAT - Ehretia microphylla
Ikmo – Piper betle
• Wild tea

• taken as tea to treat skin

9. Source of Medicine
ULASIMANG BATO - Pepperomia pellucida
10 MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE PHILIPPINES
(DOH APPROVED) • Pansit-pansitan

AKAPULKO- Cassia alata • treats arthritis and gout

• Ringworm bush YERBA BUENA - Mentha cordifolia

• Anti-fungal • Peppermint

AMPALAYA- Momordica charantia

 • used as analgesic to relive body aches Philippine Tung Reutealis trisperma
and pain due to rheumatism and gout
Round-Leaf Fountain Palm Saribus rotundifolius

Philippine teak Tectona philippinensis

ENDEMIC PLANTS IN THE PHILIPPINES
Cebu Cinnamon Tree Cinnamomum cebuense
•Endemic – a disease that exists
Balakat Ziziphus talanai
permanently in a particular region or
population. Kris Plant Alocasia sanderiana

•Epidemic – An OUTBREAK of disease

that attacks many people at about the
same time and may spread through one
or several communities.

•Pandemic – when an epidemic spreads

throughout the world.

Endemic Plants in BSP Coins

•Kapa-Kapa = 10pesos
•Tayabak = 5pesos
•Waling-waling = 1peso
•Katmon = 25 cents
•Kapal-kapal baging = 5cents
•Mangkono = 1 cent

Kapa-Kapa- Medinilla magnifica

Tayabak Strongylodon macrobotrys

Waling Waling Vanda sanderiana

Katmon Dillenia philippinensis

Kapal-Kapal Baging Calotropis gigantean

Mangkono Xanthostemon verdugonianus

NATIVE PLANTS OF THE PHILIPPINES

Copeland's Pitcher Plant Nepenthes copelandii

Kalingag Cinnamomum mercadoi

Attenborough's Pitcher Plant Nepenthes

attenboroughii