Punishment & Prison: A Bibliography (with addendum on policing in the U.S.

Patrick S. O’Donnell (2023)

“’San Quentin is where I became an artist,’ Alfredo Santos says now, more than half a century
after he painted the mural at top and five others in the dining hall while an inmate there.”

Preamble
“When we return to the search for a more humane and rational response to crime, we
must keep in mind that the prison is tied to other social and political arrangements that
limit what changes are possible. The criminal justice system in general is at least
partially involved, directly and indirectly, advertently and inadvertently, in repressing
groups and classes of people and in maintaining unfair social, political, and economic
relationships. Fundamental changes in its operation are impossible unless some higher
degree of social justice has been achieved and the criminal justice system is relieved of
these tasks. [….]

One of the important obstacles that must be removed is the public conception of the
prisoner. Presently, this conception is formed from the rare, but celebrated and
horrendous crimes, such as mass murders by the Manson cult, Juan Carona, or the
‘Hillside Strangler.’ Whereas prisoners like George Jackson, viewed as a heroic
revolutionary fighting back from years of excessive punishment for a minor crime (an
eighty dollar robbery), shaped the conception of the prisoner in the early 1970s, persons
like ‘Son of Sam’ do so today. These extraordinary cases distort the reality. Most
prisoners are still in prison for relatively petty crimes, and even those convicted of the
more serious crimes must be understood in the context of society in the United States.
What we need is a new theory of crime and penology, one that is quite simple. It is
based on the assumption that prisoners are human beings and not a different species
from free citizens. Prisoners are special only because they have been convicted of a
serious crime. But they did so in a society that produces a lot of crime, a society, in fact,
in which a high percentage of the population commits serious crime. Those convicted of
serious crimes must be punished and imprisoned, because it is the only option that
satisfies the retributive need and is sufficiently humane. Knowing that imprisonment
itself if very punitive, we need not punish above and beyond imprisonment. This means
that we need not and must not degrade, provoke, nor excessively deprive the human beings we
have placed in prison. It also means that we must not operate discriminatory systems that
select which individuals should be sent to prison and, once incarcerated, who should be
given different levels of punishment.

Since we assume that convicts are humans like us and are capable of myriad courses of action,
honorable and dishonorable, we also assume that they will act honorably, given a real choice. This
means that we provide them with the resources to achieve self-determination, dignity, and self-
respect. This theory continues to be rejected not because it is invalid, but because it
challenges beliefs and values to which large segments of the population comfortably
cling. [….] In pushing this theory, I admit that many prisoners, like many free citizens,
act like monsters. But they are not monsters and often choose to act like monsters when their
only other real option is to be totally disrespected or completely ignored, while being deprived,
degraded, abused, or harassed.” [emphasis added] — John Irwin, Prisons in Turmoil (1980)

 Abdo, Nahla (2014) Captive Revolution: Palestinian Women’s Anti-Colonialist

Struggle within the Israeli Prison System. London: Pluto Press.
 Abramsky, Sasha (2002) Hard Time Blues: How Politics Built a Prison Nation. New
York: Thomas Dunne Books/St. Martin’s Press.
 Abramsky, Sasha (2007) American Furies: Crime, Punishment, and Vengeance in the
Age of Mass Imprisonment. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
 Abu-Jamal, Mumia (1995) Live from Death Row. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley
Publishers.
 Abu-Jamal, Mumia (Noelle Hanrahan, ed.) (2000) All Things Censored. New York:
Seven Stories Press.
 Abu-Jamal, Mumia (2008) We Want Freedom: A Life in the Black Panther Party.
Boston, MA: South End Press.
 Abu-Jamal, Mumia (Johanna Fernandez, ed.) (2015) Writing on the Wall: Selected
Prison Writings of Mumia Abu-Jamal. San Francisco, CA: City Light Books.

2
 Abu-Jamal, Mumia (2009) Jailhouse Lawyers: Prisoners Defending Prisoners v. the
U.S.A. San Francisco, CA: City Light Books.
 Acker, James R. et al., eds. (3rd ed., 2014) America’s Experiment with Capital
Punishment: Reflections on the Past, Present and Future of the Ultimate Penal Sanction.
Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press.
 Acker, James R. and David Reed Karp, eds. (2006) Wounds That Do Not Bind:
Victim- Based Perspectives on the Death Penalty. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic
Press.
 Adayfi, Mansoor (in collaboration with Antonio Aiello) (2021) Don’t Forget Us
Here: Lost and Found at Guantanamo. New York: Hachette Books.
 Alexander, Michelle (2010) The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of
Colorblindness. New York: The New Press.
 Alexander, Neville (1994) Robben Island Dossier, 1964-1974. Cape Town:
University of Cape Town Press.
 Allen, Francis A. (1981) The Decline of the Rehabilitative Ideal. New Haven, CT: Yale
University Press.
 Allen, Howard W. and Jerome C. Clubb (2008) Race, Class, and the Death Penalty:
Capital Punishment in American History. Albany, NY: State University of New
York Press.
 Arend, Orissa (2009) Showdown in Desire: The Black Panthers Take a Stand in New
Orleans. Fayetteville, AR: University of Arkansas Press.
 Atkins, Burton M. and Henry R. Glick, eds. (1972) Prisons, Protest, and Politics.
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
 Ayers, Edward L. (1984) Vengeance and Justice: Crime and Punishment in the 19th-
Century American South. New York: Oxford University Press.
 Badillo, Herman and Milton Haynes (1972) A Bill of No Rights: Attica and the
American Prison System. New York: Overbridge and Lazard.
 Bae, Sangmin (2007) When the State No Longer Kills: International Human Rights
Norms and Abolition of Capital Punishment. Albany, NY: State University of New
York Press.
 Baker, Abeer and Anat Matar, eds. (2011) Threat: Palestinian Political Prisoners in
Israel. London: Pluto Press.
 Baker, J.E. (1974) The Right to Participate: Inmate Involvement in Prison
Administration. Meuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press.
 Baldwin, Robert L. (2009) Life and Death Matters: Seeking the Truth about Capital
Punishment. Montgomery, AL: NewSouth Books.
 Banner, Stuart (2002) The Death Penalty: An American History. Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press.

3
 Barkan, Steven E. (1985) Protesters on Trial: Criminal Justice in the Southern Civil
Rights and Vietnam Antiwar Movements. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University
Press.
 Bauer, Shane (2018) American Prison: A Reporter’s Undercover Journey into the
Business of Punishment. New York: Penguin Press.
 Baumgartner, Frank R., Suzanna L. De Boef, and Amber E. Boydstun, eds. (2008)
The Decline of the Death Penalty and the Discovery of Innocence. Cambridge, UK:
Cambridge University Press.
 Bazelon, Lara (2018) Rectify: The Power of Restorative Justice After Wrongful
Conviction. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
 Beck, Elizabeth, Sarah Britto and Arlene Andrews (2007) In the Shadow of Death:
Restorative Justice and Death Row Families. New York: Oxford University Press.
 Beckett, Katherine A. and Theodore Sasson (2004) The Politics of Injustice: Crime
and Punishment in America. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
 Bedau, Hugo Adam (1987) Death is Different: Studies in the Morality, Law, and
Politics of Capital Punishment. Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press.
 Bedau, Hugo Adam, ed. (1997) The Death Penalty in America: Current
Controversies. New York: Oxford University Press.
 Bedau, Hugo Adam and Paul G. Cassell, eds. (2004) Debating the Death Penalty:
Should America have Capital Punishment? New York: Oxford University Press.
 Bell, Malcolm (1985) The Turkey Shoot: Tracking the Attica Cover-Up. New York:
Grove Press.
 Bellin, Jeffrey (2023) Mass Incarceration Nation … Cambridge, UK: Cambridge
University Press.
 Bennett, Christopher (2008) The Apology Ritual: A Philosophical Theory of
Punishment. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
 Berger, Dan (2014) Captive Nation: Black Prison Organizing in the Civil Rights Era.
Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
 Berger, Dan (2014) The Struggle Within: Prisons, Political Prisoners, and Mass
Movements in the United States. Oakland, CA: PM Press.
 Berger, Raoul (1982) Death Penalties: The Supreme Court’s Obstacle Course.
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
 Berkman, Ronald (1979) Opening the Gates: The Rise of the Prisoners’ Movement.
Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
 Berns, Walter (1979) For Capital Punishment: Crime and the Morality of the Death
Penalty. New York: Basic Books.
 Bernstein, Lee (2010) America is the Prison: Arts and Politics in Prison in the 1970s.
Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.

4
 Berrigan, Daniel (2004; Beacon Press, 1970) The Trial of the Catonsville Nine. Bronx,
NY: Fordham University Press.
 Bessler, John D. (1997) Death in the Dark: Midnight Executions in America. Boston,
MA: Northeastern University Press.
 Bessler, John D. (2012) Cruel and Unusual: The American Death Penalty and the
Founders’ Eighth Amendment. Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press.
 Bibas, Stephanos (2012) The Machinery of Criminal Justice. New York: Oxford
University Press.
 Bissonette, Jamie (2008) When the Prisoners Ran Walpole: A True Story in the
Movement for Prison Abolition. Boston, MA: South End Press.
 Black, Charles L. Jr. (2nd ed., 1981) Capital Punishment: The Inevitability of Caprice
and Mistake. New York: W.W. Norton.
 Bloom, Barbara E. (2003) Gendered Justice: Addressing Female Offenders. Durham,
NC: Carolina Academic Press.
 Blue, Ethan (2012) Doing Time in the Depression: Everyday Life in Texas and
California Prisons. New York: New York University Press.
 Bohm, Robert M. (2010) Ultimate Sanction: Understanding the Death Penalty
Through its Many Voices and Many Sides. New York: Kaplan Publishing.
 Bohm, Robert M. (4th ed., 2012) Death Quest: An Introduction to the Theory and
Practice of Capital Punishment in the United States Waltham, MA: Anderson
Publishing (Elsevier).
 Bonner, Raymond (2012) Anatomy of Injustice: A Murder Case Gone Wrong. New
York: Alfred A. Knopf.
 Bookspan, Shelley (1991) A Germ of Goodness: The California State Prison System,
1851-1944. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
 Bosworth, Mary (1999) Engendering Resistance: Agency and Power in Women’s
Prisons. Brookfield, VT: Ashgate.
 Bosworth, Mary (2010) Explaining U.S. Imprisonment. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Publications.
 Bradley, Anthony B. (2018) Ending Overcriminalization and Mass Incarceration:
Hope from Civil Society. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
 Braithwaite, John (1989) Crime, Shame and Reintegration. Cambridge, UK:
Cambridge University Press.
 Braithwaite, John (2002) Restorative Justice and Responsive Regulation. New York:
Oxford University Press.
 Braithwaite, John and Philip Pettit (1990) Not Just Deserts: A Republican Theory of
Criminal Justice. New York: Oxford University Press.

5
 Braman, Donald (2004) Doing Time on the Outside: Incarceration and Family Life in
Urban America. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
 Branham, Lynn S. and Michael S. Hamden (2005, 7th ed.) Cases and Materials on the
Law of Sentencing, Corrections and Prisoners’ Rights. St. Paul, MN: West Group.
 Breytenbach, Breyten (1985) The True Confessions of an Albino Terrorist. New York:
Farrar, Straus & Giroux.
 Brooks, Justin (3rd revised ed., 2018) Wrongful Convictions: Cases and Materials.
Lake Mary, FL: Vandeplas Publishing, LLC.
 Brooks, Thom (2012) Punishment. New York: Routledge.
 Brottman, Mikita (2016) The Maximum Security Book Club: Reading Literature in a
Men’s Prison. New York: HarperCollins.
 Brown, Edmund (Pat) (1989) Public Justice, Private Mercy: A Governor’s Education
on Death Row. New York: Wiedenfeld and Nicholson.
 Brown, Gary (2001) Singin’ a Lonesome Song: Texas Prison Tales. Plano, TX:
Republic of Texas Press.
 Brown, Gary (2002) Texas Gulag: The Chain Gang Years. Plano, TX: Republic of
Texas Press.
 Brown, Mark (2014) Penal Power and Colonial Rule. New York: Routledge.
 Brown, Michelle (2009) The Culture of Punishment: Prison, Society, and Spectacle.
New York: New York University Press.
 Brugger, E. Christian (2003) Capital Punishment and Roman Catholic Moral
Tradition. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.
 Buntman, Fran Lisa (2003) Robben Island and Prisoner Resistance to Apartheid.
Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
 Burnett, Cathleen (2002) Justice Denied: Clemency Appeals in Death Penalty Cases.
Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press.
 Burton-Rose, Daniel, Dan Pens and Paul Wright, eds. (1998) The Celling of
America: An Inside Look at the U.S. Prison Industry. Monroe, ME: Common
Courage Press.
 Butler, Anne M. (1997) Gendered Justice in the American West: Women Prisoners in
Men’s Penitentiaries. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
 Butler, Anne M. and C. Murray Henderson (1990) Angola—Louisiana State
Penitentiary: A Half Century of Rage and Reform. Lafayette, LA: Center for
Louisiana Studies.
 Butler, Paul (2009) Let’s Get Free: A Theory of Hip-Hop Justice. New York: The New
Press.
 Cahill, Thomas (2009) A Saint on Death Row: The Story of Dominique Green. New
York: Doubleday.

6
 Calavita, Kitty and Valerie Jenness (2015) Appealing to Justice: Prisoner Grievances,
Rights, and Carceral Logic. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
 Campbell, James (2013) Crime and Punishment in African American History. New
York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.
 Canon, Dan (2022) Pleading Out: How Plea Bargaining Creates a Permanent Criminal
Class. New York: Basic Books.
 Carleton, Mark (1971) Politics and Punishment: The History of the Louisiana State
Penal System. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press.
 Carter, Dan T. (2nd ed., 1979) Scottsboro: A Tragedy of the American South. Baton
Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press.
 Chase, Robert T. (2019) We Are Not Slaves: State Violence, Coerced Labor, and
Prisoners’ Rights in Postwar America. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North
Carolina Press.
 Chávez-García, Miroslava (2012) States of Delinquency: Race and Science in the
Making of California’s Juvenile Justice System. Berkeley, CA: University of
California Press.
 Chehtman, Alejandro (2010) The Philosophical Foundations of Extraterritorial
Punishment. New York: Oxford University Press.
 Chemerinsky, Erwin (2021) Presumed Guilty: How the Supreme Court Empowered
the Police and Subverted Civil Rights. New York: Liveright Publishing, 2021.
 Chemerinsky, Erwin and Laurie L. Levenson (4th ed., 2022) Criminal Procedure
[Aspen Casebook Series]. Frederick, MD: Aspen Publishing.
 Chesney-Lind, Meda (2004, 2nd ed.) The Female Offender: Girls, Women and
Crime. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
 Chevigeny, Bell Gale, ed. (1999) Doing Time: Twenty-Five Years of Prison Writing.
New York: Aracade.
 Childs, Dennis (2015) Slaves of the State: Black Incarceration from the Chain Gang to
the Penitentiary. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
 Christianson, Scott (1998) With Liberty for Some: 500 Years of Imprisonment in
America. Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press.
 Christianson, Scott (2000) Condemned: Inside the Sing Sing Death House. New York:
New York University Press.
 Christianson, Scott (2006) Innocent: Inside Wrongful Conviction Cases. New York:
New York University Press.
 Christianson, Scott (2010) The Last Gasp: The Rise and Fall of the American Gas
Chamber. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
 Chura, David (2010) I Don’t Wish Nobody to Have a Life Like Mine: Tales of Kids in
Adult Lockup. Boston: Beacon Press.

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 Clear, Todd R. and Natasha Frost (2014) The Punishment Imperative: The Rise and
Failure of Mass Incarceration in America. New York: New York University Press.
 Coetzee, Jan K. (2000) Plain Tales from Robben Island. Pretoria, South Africa: Van
Schaik Publishers.
 Cohen, Stanley (2003) The Wrong Men: America’s Epidemic of Wrongful Death Row
Convictions. New York: Carroll & Graf.
 Cohn, Marjorie, ed. (2011) The United States and Torture: Interrogation,
Incarceration, and Abuse. New York: New York University Press.
 Cohen, Stanley (1988) Against Criminology. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction
Books.
 Colvin, Mark (1992) The Penitentiary in Crisis: From Accommodation to Riot in New
Mexico. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
 Combs, Nancy Amoury (2007) Guilty Pleas in International Criminal Law:
Constructing a Restorative Justice Approach. Stanford, CA: Stanford University
Press.
 Comfort, Megan (2007) Doing Time Together: Love and Family in the Shadow of the
Prison. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
 Conover, Ted (2000) Newjack: Guarding Sing Sing. New York: Random House.
 Constante, Lena (trans. Franklin Philip) (1995) The Silent Escape: Three Thousand
Days in Romanian Prison. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
 Cook, Catherine, Adam Hanieh and Adah Kay (2004) Stolen Youth: The Politics of
Israel’s Detention of Palestinian Children. London: Pluto Press.
 Corrigan, Lisa M. (2016) Prison Power: How Prison Influenced the Movement for
Black Liberation. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi.
 Costanzo, Mark (1997) Just Revenge: Costs and Consequences of the Death Penalty.
New York: St. Martin’s Press.
 Coyle, William J. (1987) Libraries in Prisons: A Blending of Institutions. New York:
Greenwood Press.
 Coyne, Randall and Lyn Entzeroth (3rd ed., 2006) Capital Punishment and the
Judicial Process. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press.
 Cragg, Wesley, ed. (1992) Retributivism and Its Critics. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner
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 Crouch, Ben and James W. Marquart (1989) An Appeal to Justice: Litigated Reform
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 Cummins, Eric (1994) The Rise and Fall of California’s Radical Prison Movement.
Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
 Curtin, Mary Ellen (2000) Black Prisoners and Their World: Alabama, 1865-1900.
Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press.

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 Cusac, Anne-Marie (2009) Cruel and Unusual Punishment: The Culture of
Punishment in America. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
 Daly, Kathleen (1996) Gender, Crime and Punishment. New Haven, CT: Yale
University Press.
 Daniels, Eddie (3rd ed., 2002) There and Back: Robben Island, 1964-1979. Cape Town:
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 Davidson, R. Theodore (1974) Chicano Prisoners: The Key to San Quentin. New
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 Davies, Ioan (1990) Writers in Prison. Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell.
 Davis, Angela Y. (2003) Are Prisons Obsolete? Toronto: Open Media.
 Davis, Angela Y. (2005) Abolition Democracy: Prisons, Democracy, and Empire. New
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 Davis, Michael (1996) Justice in the Shadow of Death: Rethinking Capital and Lesser
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 Dayan, Colin (2007) The Story of Cruel & Unusual. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
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 Dow, David R. (2005) Executed on a Technicality: Lethal Injustice on America’s Death
Row. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.

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 Dow, David R. (2010) The Autobiography of an Execution. New York:
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Brooklyn, NY: Akashic Books.

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 Fader, Jaime J. (2013) Falling Back: Incarceration and Transitions to Adulthood among
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America, 1830-1930. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.

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 Friedland, Paul (2012) Seeing Justice Done: The Age of Spectacular Capital
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 Garvey, Stephen P. (2002) Beyond Repair? America’s Death Penalty. Durham, NC:
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Death Penalty: A Call for Reckoning. Detroit, MI. Wm. B. Eerdmans.
 Paff, John (2017) Locked In: The True Causes of Mass Incarceration and How to
Achieve Real Reform. New York: Basic Books.
 Pager, Devah (2007) Marked: Race, Crime, and Finding Work in an Era of Mass
Incarceration. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
 Palmer, John W. (2006) Constitutional Rights of Prisoners. Newark, NJ: LexisNexis.
 Parenti, Christian (1999) Lockdown America: Police and Prisons in the Age of Crisis.
London, UK: Verso.
 Patillo, Mary, David Weiman and Bruce Western, eds. (2004) Imprisoning America:
The Social Effects of Mass Incarceration. New York: Russell Sage Foundation Publ.
 Pell, Eve, ed. (1972) Maximum Security: Letters from Prison. New York: Dutton.
 Peltier, Leonard (Harvey Arden, ed.) (1999) Prison Writings: My Life is My Sun
Dance. New York: St. Martin’s Griffin.
 Perkinson, Robert (2010) Texas Tough: The Rise of America’s Prison Empire. New
York: Metropolitan Books.
 Peters, Rudolph (2005) Crime and Punishment in Islamic Law: Theory and Practice
from the Sixteenth to the Twenty-first Century. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge
University Press.
 Petersilia, Joan (2003) When Prisoners Come Home: Parole and Prisoner Reentry. New
York: Oxford University Press.

23
 Pfaff, John F. (2017) Locked In: The True Causes of Mass Incarceration and How to
Achieve Real Reform. New York: Basic Books.
 Pfeiffer, Mary Beth (2007) Crazy in America: The Hidden Tragedy of Our
Criminalized Mentally Ill. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers.
 Pisciotta, Alexander (1994) Benevolent Repression: Social Control and the American
Reformatory-Prison Movement. New York: New York University Press.
 Platt, Tony (2019) Beyond These Walls: Rethinking Crime and Punishment in the
United States. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
 Platt, Tony and Paul Takagi, eds. (1980) Punishment and Penal Discipline: Essays on
the Prison and the Prisoners’ Movement. San Francisco, CA: Crime and Social
Justice Associates.
 Pojman, Louis P. and Jeffrey Reiman (1997) The Death Penalty: For and Against.
Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
 Potter, Harry (2019) Shades of the Prison House: A History of Incarceration in the
British Isles. Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK: Boydell Press.
 Prejean, Sister Helen (1993) Dead Man Walking: An Eyewitness Account of the Death
Penalty in the United States. New York: Random House.
 Prejean, Sister Helen (2005) The Death of Innocents: An Eyewitness Account of
Wrongful Executions. New York: Random House.
 Price, Barbara Raffel and Natalie J. Sokolof (3rd ed., 2003) The Criminal Justice
System and Women: Offenders, Prisoners, Victims, and Workers. New York: McGraw-
Hill.
 Primoratz, Igor (1989) Justifying Legal Punishment. Atlantic Highlands, NJ:
Humanities Press.
 Radelet, Michael L., Hugo Adam Bedau and Constance E. Putnam (1994) In Spite
of Innocence: Erroneous Convictions in Capital Cases. Boston, MA: Northeastern
University Press.
 Rafter, Nicole Hahn (1985) Partial Justice: Women in State Prisons, 1800-1935.
Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press.
 Rathbone, Cristina (2005) A World Apart: Women, Prison, and Life Behind Bars. New
York: Random House.
 Reagan, Michael V. and Donald M. Stoughton, eds. (1976) School Behind Bars: A
Descriptive Overview of Correctional Education in the American Prison System.
Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press.
 Reiman, Jeffrey (7th ed., 2005) The Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison: Ideology,
Class and Criminal Justice. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
 Rhodes, Lorna A. (2004) Total Confinement: Madness and Reason in the Maximum
Security Prison. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

24
 Richie, Beth E. (2012) Arrested Justice: Black Women, Violence, and America’s Prison
Nation. New York: New York University Press.
 Rideau, Wilbert (2010) In the Place of Justice: A Story of Punishment and Deliverance.
New York: Borzoi/Alfred A. Knopf.
 Rierden, Andi (1997) The Farm: Life Inside a Women’s Prison. Amherst, MA:
University of Massachusetts Press.
 Rios, Victor M. (2011) Punished: Policing the Lives of Black and Latino Boys. New
York: New York University Press.
 Robinson, Matthew B. (2007) Death Nation: The Experts Explain American Capital
Punishment. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
 Rodley, Nigel S. (with Matt Pollard) (3rd ed., 2009) The Treatment of Prisoners
Under International Law. New York: Oxford University Press.
 Rodríguez, Dylan (2006) Forced Passages: Imprisoned Radical Intellectuals in the U.S.
Prison Regime. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
 Rogers, Allen (2008) Murder and the Death Penalty in Massachusetts. Amherst, MA:
University of Massachusetts Press.
 Rosenblatt, Elihu, ed. (1996) Criminal Injustice: Confronting the Prison Crisis.
Boston, MA: South End Press.
 Ross, Jeffrey Ian, ed. (2013) The Globalization of Supermax Prisons. New Brunswick,
NJ: Rutgers University Press.
 Roth, Mitchel P. (2014) An Eye for an Eye: A Global History of Crime and
Punishment. London: Reaktion Books.
 Roth, Mitchel P. (2016) Convict Cowboys: The Untold History of the Texas Prison
Rodeo. Denton, TX: University of North Texas Press.
 Russell, Gregory D. (1993) The Death Penalty and Racial Bias: Overturning Supreme
Court Assumptions. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
 Sabo, Don, Terry A. Kupers and Willie London, eds. (2001) Prison Masculinities.
Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
 Sachs, Albie (1990) The Jail Diary of Albie Sachs. London: Paladin/Grafton Books.
 Salinas, Raúl (Louis G. Mendoza, ed.) (2006) raúlsalinas and the Jail Machine: My
Weapon is My Pen. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
 Santos, Michael G. (2006) Inside: Life Behind Bars in America. New York: St.
Martin’s Press.
 Sarat, Austin (2001) When the State Kills: Capital Punishment and the American
Condition. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
 Sarat, Austin (2005) Mercy on Trial: What It Means to Stop an Execution. Princeton,
NJ: Princeton University Press.

25
 Sarat, Austin, ed. (1999) The Killing State: Capital Punishment in Law, Politics, and
Culture. New York: Oxford University Press.
 Schabas, William A. (1996) The Death Penalty as Cruel Treatment and Torture:
Capital Punishment Challenged in the World’s Court. Boston, MA: Northeastern
University Press.
 Schabas, William A. (3rd ed., 2002) The Abolition of the Death Penalty in International
Law. Cambridge, UK: Grotius Publications.
 Schadeberg, Jurgen (compiler and photographer) (1994) Voices from Robben Island.
Randburg, SA: Ravan Press.
 Scheck, Barry, Peter Neufeld and Jim Dwyer (2000) Actual Innocence: Five Days to
Execution and Other Dispatches from the Wrongly Convicted. New York: Doubleday.
 Scheffler, Judith A., ed. (2002) Wall Tappings: An International Anthology of
Women’s Prison Writings, 200 [CE] to the Present. New York: Feminist Press.
 Scheipers, Sibylle, ed. (2010) Prisoners in War. Oxford, UK: Oxford University
Press.
 Schenwar, Maya (2014) Locked Down, Locked Out: Why Prison Doesn’t Work—and
How We Can Do Better. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
 Schneider, Rachel Zimmer (2013) Battered Women Doing Time: Injustice in the
Criminal Justice System. Boulder, CO: First Forum Press.
 Schoenfeld, Heather (2018) Building the Prison State: Race and the Politics of Mass
Incarceration. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
 Schorb, Jodi. (2014) Reading Prisoners: Literature, Literacy, and the Transformation of
American Punishment, 1700-1845. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
 Schrag, Philip G. (2020) Baby Jails: The Fight to End the Incarceration of Refugee
Children in America. Oakland, CA: University of California Press.
 Schreiner, Barbara, ed. (1992) A Snake with Ice Water: Prison Writings by South
African Women. Johannesburg: Congress of South African Writers.
 Selman, Donna, and Paul Leighton (2010) Punishment for Sale: Private Prison, Big
Business, and the Incarceration Binge. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
 Semple, Janet (1993) Bentham’s Prison: A Study of the Panoptican Penitentiary.
Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press.
 Sered, Danielle (2019) Until We Reckon: Violence, Mass Incarceration, and a Road to
Repair. New York: The New Press, 2019.
 Shalev, Sharon (2009) Supermax: Controlling Risk through Solitary Confinement.
Devon, UK: Willan Publishing.
 Shelby, Tommie (2022). The Idea of Prison Abolition. Princeton, NJ: Princeton
University Press.

26
 Shelton, Donald E. (2011) Forensic Science in Court: Challenges in the Twenty-First
Century. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
 Shook, Chadwick L. (2000) Constitutional Issues in Correctional Administration.
Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press.
 Simmons, A. John, et al., eds. (1995) Punishment (A Philosophy & Public Affairs
Reader). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
 Simon, Dan (2012) In Doubt: The Psychology of the Criminal Justice Process.
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
 Skarbek, David (2014) The Social Order of the Underworld: How Prison Gangs Govern
the American Penal System. New York: Oxford University Press.
 Slahi, Mohamedou Ould (Larry Siems, ed.) (2015) Guantánamo Diary. New York:
Little, Brown & Co.
 Smith, Caleb (2009) The Prison and the American Imagination. New Haven, CT: Yale
University Press.
 Smith, Philip (2008) Punishment and Culture. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago
Press.
 Soering, Jens (2004) An Expensive Way to Make Bad People Worse: An Essay on
Prison Reform from an Insider’s Perspective. New York: Lantern Books.
 Sorell, Tom (1987) Moral Theory and Capital Punishment. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
 Spillane, Joseph F. (2014) Coxsackie: The Life and Death of Prison Reform. Baltimore,
MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
 Stafford Smith, Clive (2007) Bad Men: Guantánamo Bay and the Secret Prisons.
London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
 Steelwater, Eliza (2003) The Hangman’s Knot: Lynching, Legal Execution and
America’s Struggle with the Death Penalty. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
 Steffen, Lloyd (1998) Executing Justice: The Moral Meaning of the Death Penalty.
Cleveland, OH: Pilgrim Press.
 Stohr, Mary K. and Anthony Walsh (3rd ed., 2019) Corrections: The Essentials.
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
 Stuntz, William J. (2011) The Collapse of American Criminal Justice. Cambridge,
MA: Harvard University Press.
 Sudbury, Julia, ed. (2005) Global Lockdown: Race, Gender, and the Prison-Industrial
Complex. New York: Routledge.
 Suddler, Carl (2019) Presumed Criminal: Black Youth and the Justice System in
Postwar New York. New York: New York University Press.
 Sullivan, Larry (1990) The Prison Reform Movement: Forlorn Hope. Boston, MA:
Twayne Publishers.

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 Sundby, Scott E. (2005) A Life and Death Decision: A Jury Weighs the Death Penalty.
New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
 Suttner, Raymond (2001) Inside Apartheid’s Prisons: Notes and Letters of Struggle.
Melbourne: Ocean Press/ Pietermaritzburg, SA: University of Natal Press.
 Sweeney, Megan (2010) Reading Is My Window: Books and the Art of Reading in
Women’s Prisons. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
 Swenson, Kyle (2019) Good Kids, Bad City: A Story of Race and Wrongful Conviction
in America. New York: Picador.
 Sykes, Gresham M. (2007 ed.; first published in 1958) The Society of Captives: Study
of a Maximum Security Prison. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
 Talvi, Silja J.A. (2007) Women Behind Bars: The Crisis of Women in the U.S. Prison
System. Emeryville, CA: Seal Press (Perseus).
 Tannenbaum, Frank (1933) Osborne of Sing Sing. Chapel Hill, NC: University of
North Carolina Press.
 Tarter, Michele Lise and Richard Bell, eds. (2012) Buried Lives: Incarcerated in Early
America. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.
 Taylor, Clarence (2019) Fight the Power: African Americans and the Long History of
Police Brutality in New York City. New York: New York University Press.
 Taylor, William Banks (1999) Down on Parchman Farm: The Great Prison in the
Mississippi Delta. Columbus, OH: Ohio University Press.
 Temple, John (2009) The Last Lawyer: The Fight to Save Death Row Inmates. Jackson,
MS: University Press of Mississippi.
 Ten, C.L. (1987) Crime, Guilt and Punishment. Oxford, UK: Oxford University
Press.
 Thompson, Heather Ann (2016) Blood in the Water: The Attica Prison Uprising of
1971 and Its Legacy. New York: Pantheon.
 Tibbs, Donald F. (2012) From Black Power to Prison Power: The Making of Jones v.
North Carolina Prisons’ Union. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
 Tonry, Michael (1983) Prison Labor and Prison Industries. Chicago, IL: University
of Chicago Press.
 Tonry, Michael (1995) Malign Neglect: Race, Crime and Punishment in America. New
York: Oxford University Press.
 Tonry, Michael (1998 ed.) Sentencing Matters. New York: Oxford University Press.
 Tonry, Michael (2006 ed.) Thinking about Crime: Sense and Sensibility in American
Penal Culture. New York: Oxford University Press.
 Tonry, Michael, ed. (2006) The Future of Imprisonment. New York: Oxford
University Press.

28
 Travis, Jeremy and Michelle Waul, eds. (2004) Prisoners Once Removed: The Impact
of Incarceration and Re-entry on Children, Families, and Community. Washington,
DC: Urban Policy Institute.
 Trombley, Stephen (1992) The Execution Protocol: Inside America’s Capital
Punishment Industry. New York: Crown.
 Trulson, Chad R. and James W, Marquart (2009) First Available Cell: Desegregation
of the Texas Prison System. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
 Turow, Scott (2003) Ultimate Punishment: A Lawyer’s Reflections on Dealing with the
Death Penalty. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.
 van den Haag, Ernest (1975) Punishing Criminals: Concerning a Very Old and
Painful Question. New York: Basic Books.
 Vollen, Lola and Dave Eggers, eds. (2005) Surviving Justice: America’s Wrongfully
Convicted and Exonerated. San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s Books and Voice of
Witness.
 von Drehle, David (1995) Among the Lowest of the Dead: The Culture of Death Row.
New York: Random House.
 Wacquant, Loïc (2009, expanded ed.) Prisons of Poverty. Minneapolis, MN:
University of Minnesota Press.
 Wacquant, Loïc (2009, English ed.) Punishing the Poor: The Neoliberal Government of
Social Insecurity. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
 Waldman, Ayelet and Robin Levi, eds. (2011) Inside This Place, Not of It: Narratives
from Women’s Prisons. San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s Books and Voice of
Witness.
 Walker, Donald R. (1988) Penology for Profit: A History of the Texas Prison System,
1867-1912. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press.
 Walker, Nigel (1991) Why Punish? Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
 Wang, Jackie (2018) Carceral Capitalism. South Pasadena, CA: Semiotext(e).
 Ward, Robert David and William Warren Rogers (2003) Alabama’s Response to the
Penitentiary Movement, 1829-1865. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida Press.
 Wehr, Kevin and Elyshia Aseltine (2013) Beyond the Prison Industrial Complex:
Crime and Incarceration in the 21st Century. New York: Routledge.
 Welsh-Huggins, Andrew (2009) No Winners Here Tonight: Race, Politics, and
Geography in One of the Country’s Busiest Death Penalty States. Athens, OH: Ohio
University Press.
 Western, Bruce (2006) Punishment and Inequality in America. New York: Russell
Sage Foundation.

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 White, Welsh S. (1991) The Death Penalty in the Nineties: An Examination of the
Modern System of Capital Punishment. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan
Press.
 White, Welsh S. (2005) Litigating in the Shadow of Death: Defense Attorneys in
Capital Cases. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
 Whitman, James Q. (2003) Harsh Justice: Criminal Punishment and the Widening
Divide between America and Europe. New York: Oxford University Press.
 Wicker, Tom (2011) A Time to Die: The Attica Prison Revolt. Chicago, IL:
Haymarket Books.
 Wilf, Steven (2010) Law’s Imagined Republic: Popular Politics and Criminal Justice in
Revolutionary America. New York: Cambridge University Press.
 Willett, Jim and Ron Rozelle (2004) Prison Life and Death from the Inside Out.
Albany, TX: Bright Sky Press.
 Williams, Daniel E., ed. (1993) Pillars of Salt: An Anthology of Early American
Criminal Narratives. Madison, WI: Madison House.
 Williams, Kenneth (2012) Most Deserving of Death? An Analysis of the Supreme
Court’s Death Penalty Jurisprudence. Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
 Wimsatt, William (1999) No More Prisons. New York: Soft Skull Press.
 Wood, Amy Louise and Natalie J. Ring, eds. (2019) Crime and Punishment in the
Jim Crow South. Urbana-Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press.
 Woodfox, Albert (2019) Solitary: Unbroken by Four Decades in Solitary Confinement.
New York: Grove Press.
 Wright, Erik Olin (1973) The Politics of Punishment: A Critical Analysis of Prisons in
America. New York: HarperCollins.
 Yee, Min S. (1973) The Melancholy History of Soledad Prison: In Which a Utopian
Scheme Turns Bedlam. New York: Harper’s Magazine Press.
 Zaibert, Leo (2006) Punishment and Retribution. Portland, OR: Ashgate.
 Zaibert, Leo (2019) Rethinking Punishment. New York: Cambridge University
Press.
 Zander, Michael (2014) Criminal Judges: Legitimacy, Courts, and State-Inducted
Guilty Pleas in Britain. Northampton, MA, Edward Elgar Publishing.
 Zimmerman, Michael J. (2011) The Immorality of Punishment. Peterborough,
Ontario: Broadview Press.
 Zimring, Franklin E. (2003) The Contradictions of American Capital Punishment.
New York: Oxford University Press.
 Zimring, Franklin E. and Gordon Hawkins (1986) Capital Punishment and the
American Agenda. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

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  Zimring, Franklin E. and Gordon Hawkins (1997) Incapacitation: Penal
Confinement and the Restraint of Crime. New York: Oxford University Press.

Addendum (2020)—Policing in the United States: essential reading

 Adler, Jeffrey S. Murder in New Orleans: The Creation of Jim Crow Policing
(University of Chicago Press, 2019).
 Baer, Andrew S. Beyond the Usual Beating: The Jon Burge Police Torture Scandal and
Social Movements for Police Accountability in Chicago (University of Chicago Press,
2020).
 Balko, Radley. Rise of the Warrior Cop: The Militarization of America’s Police Forces
(Public Affairs, 2013).
 Butler, Paul. Chokehold: Policing Black Men (The New Press, 2017).
 Camp, Jordan T. and Christina Heatherton, eds. Policing the Planet: Why the
Policing Crisis Led to Black Lives Matter (Verso, 2016).
 Cobbina, Jennifer E. Hands Up, Don’t Shoot: Why the Protests in Ferguson and
Baltimore Matter… (New York University Press, 2019).
 Davis, Angela J., ed. Policing the Black Man: Arrest, Prosecution, and Imprisonment
(Pantheon Books, 2017).
 Greenberg, David F., ed. Crime and Capitalism: Readings in Marxist Criminology
(Temple University Press, updated ed., 1993).
 Harring, Sydney L. Policing a Class Society (Haymarket Books, 2nd ed., 2017).
 Lebrόn, Marisol. Policing Life and Death: Race, Violence, and Resistance in Puerto
Rico (University of California Press, 2019).
 Muñiz, Ana. Police, Power, and the Production of Racial Boundaries (Rutgers
University Press, 2015).
 Nelson, Jill, ed. Police Brutality: An Anthology (W.W. Norton & Co., 2000).
 Pegues, Jeff. Black and Blue: Inside the Divide between the Police and Black America
(Prometheus Books, 2017).
 Rios, Victor M. Punished: Policing the Lives of Black and Latino Boys (New York
University Press, 2011).
 Schenwar, Maya, Joe Macaré, and Alan Yu-lan Price, eds. Who Do You Serve, Who
Do You Protect? Police Violence and Resistance in the United States (Haymarket
Books, 2016).
 Schrader, Stuart. Badges without Borders: How Global Counterinsurgency
Transformed American Policing (University of California Press, 2019).
 Schwartz, Joanna. Shielded: How the Police became Untouchable (Viking, 2023).
 Taylor, Flint. The Torture Machine: Racism and Police Violence in Chicago
(Haymarket Books, 2019).

31
  Vitale, Alex S. The End of Policing (Verso, 2017).
 Williams, Kristian. Our Enemies in Blue: Police and Power in America (AK Press,
revised ed., 2015).

Charles White, Trenton Six (1949)

Some websites and blogs (embedded links):

 California Coalition for Women Prisoners
 California Correctional Crisis
 California Prison Focus
 Center for Justice and Reconciliation
 Criminal Justice Information and Assistance for Victims, Juveniles, the
Incarcerated, and the Accused (Pace Law Library)
 CrimProf Blog
 Critical Resistance: Beyond the Prison-Industrial Complex
 Death Penalty Focus
 Death Penalty Information Center
 Decarcerate PA
 Detention Watch Network
 “Evolving Standards of Decency:” A Prisoners’ Rights Law Blog
 Grand Jury Resistance Project
 Harvard Prison Legal Assistance Project Blog
 Human Rights Watch Prison Project

32
 Justice Policy Institute
 The National Center on Institutions and Alternatives (NCIA)
 Life Sentences Blog (Michael O’Hear)
 Prison Activist Resource Center
 The Prison Arts Coalition
 The Prison Enquirer (global in scope)
 Prison Legal News
 Prison Moratorium Project
 Prison Radio
 Prisoners’ Rights Law Resources
 The Real Cost of Prisons Project
 Sentencing Law and Policy (Douglas A. Berman)
 The Sentencing Project
 Solitary Watch
 Students Against Mass Incarceration (SAMI)
 Vera Institute of Justice
 William James Association: Prison Arts Project
 Women’s Prison Association (WPA)

A prison painting by Al Black

33
“If you traveled by way of Florida’s Route 1 in the 1960s, you might have encountered a
young, African-American artist, selling a lushly painted oil landscape from his car. They
weren’t allowed in galleries during Jim Crow segregation—but motels, office buildings
and tourists would buy their vivid works. Together, they formed a loosely associated
band around Fort Pierce, Florida, that came to be known as The Highwaymen. At $20 a
painting, they made their way out of agricultural jobs like citrus-picking and defined the
cultural look of an era.

Their paintings departed from an earlier tradition of landscape painting in Fort Pierce.
A.E. ‘Beanie’ Backus, considered the father of the landscape movement there, caught the
clouds and savannahs and inlets that were falling to developers in the mid-century. He
would teach many youngsters who came to his studio, including the teenage Alfred
Hair, leader of The Highwaymen. These artists would take off in their own direction.
But success has brought enduring tensions on their home turf, raising questions about
art, race and cultural legacy.

The who’s who of The Highwaymen can be tricky. (A curator named Jim Fitch coined
the name in the ‘90s and it stuck.) Gary Monroe, author of The Highwaymen: Florida’s
African-American Landscape Painters (2001), counts 26 original painters—18 of whom are
still living. That’s how many were inducted into the Florida Artists Hall of Fame in 2004.

Al Black is one of them. He’s a smooth talker who could ‘sell a jacket to a mosquito in
summer,’ says Mary Ann Carroll, 71, another of the 26 inductees. But Black had humble
origins. He was born on a plantation in Mississippi and moved to Fort Pierce to pick
fruit in his early teens. Art would eventually be his way out of that life. He started out as
a salesman for The Highwaymen in the 1960s, trawling Route 1 on their behalf—often
raising the price tag and pocketing the difference. ‘Of the many salesmen, Al Black was
in a class all his own,’ writes Monroe. ‘Signs prohibiting solicitation or those banning
Negroes did not intimidate him.’ ‘A salesman is a con man,’ Black readily admits today,
smiling.

Business was strong for years. Then came the fateful day in 1970 when one of the
group’s leaders, Alfred Hair, was murdered in a bar. After that, the organization
gradually declined, but Black kept at it – and when he needed more paintings to sell, he
became a painter himself.

Tastes change, though, and by the ‘90s, demand for the paintings had all but dried up.
And in 1995, Black had his own crisis. ‘I didn’t know what to do with myself, so I was

34
introduced to crack cocaine,’ he says. ‘It led to a conviction.’ And that chapter of his life
led to prison, where he spent 12 years and, once again, picked up his paintbrushes.
When it was discovered he was a Highwayman, Black was given unprecedented
permission to paint murals throughout state correctional facilities, like the Central
Reception Center in Orlando, where they remain to this day. Author Gary Monroe has
taken pictures of Black’s prison portraits and compiled a book, The Highwaymen Murals:
Al Black’s Concrete Dreams (2009). Now out of prison, Black still paints. ‘I can be down
and out,’ he says, ‘feeling bad that morning. But if I can make it out to where I paint,
everything picks up ... and makes me feel real good.’”

See too:
 Attica Prison Uprising (September 9, 1971 – September 13, 1971): Notes,
Timeline, and Essential Reading.
 Beyond Punitive Capitalist and Liberal Society: Toward a Syllabus.
 Criminal Law (municipal and international)
 The Myriad Dimensions of Prosecutorial Misconduct: A Reading Guide

35