Construction material (CMA)

project on
“Prepare A report on study off RCC AND PCC with
Codal Provision and Practical aspect ”

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC NANDED

(2021-2022)

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF

DIPLOMA IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING

GUIDED BY
SYED ASIF SIR

SUBMITTED BY

Name of Student Enrollment No.

1. Shaikh arbaz Ali 2100200569
2. Shaikh Farhad SK 2100200555
3. Shaikh Sarfraj Salim 2100200528
4. Shaikh Shahezad 2100200533

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1. Hot Rolled Steel
There are four types of hot-rolled steel in the market

The first type is mild steel bars (MS bars) are traditionally produced by hot
rolling. The bars are hot rolled and form a round shape with a smooth surface.
These bars are also called mild steel plain bars.

Mild Steel Bars

Mild steel bars come in two grades I and Grade II. Grade I mild steel is slightly
higher than that of Grade II. These bars are more resistant to corrosion than tor
steel bars.

The hot rolled mild steel ribbed bars are the second type which consists of ribs
on them. These ribs help increase the bond strength of the bars. Steel bars with
Rebar’s or ribbed bars, which are likely to be confused with HYSD bars, are
not recommended to use in R.C works.

The hot rolled high strength ribbed bars are the third type which is produced
by hot rolling and got by microalloying which is of high strength.

The Fourth type is HYSD bars; there are hot rolled high yield strength
deformed bars. These bars are now replaced by TMT bars.

2. Cold Twisted Deformed Bars (Tor steel)

Cold Twisted Deformed Bars or Tor steel bars were the first high-strength bars
used in India. These bars are first hot rolled in the mill and formed high-grade
mild steel with three or more parallel straight ribs on them.

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 Cold Twisted Deformed Bars or Tor steel

As the projection on steel is like a straight line this steel is easily identified in
the field. Also, they will form a helical around the bars in cold twisting.
This steel is more susceptible to corrosion much quicker than other bars, which
are not recommended for use in many advanced countries.

3. TMT bars
TMT stands for Thermo-mechanically Treated Reinforcement Bars are
manufactured by sudden quenching of red hot steel bars by a spray of water
can produce steel bars with high strength at the surface with a core of mild
steel.

At the end bar structure with tempered martensite on the periphery and a fine-
grained ferrite-pearlite structure at the center zone. TMT bars are also
manufactured with ribs (rebar’s) to increase the bond strength of the bars.

TMT bars
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TMT corrosion resistance steel (CRS) is also available in the market. The
corrosion resistance property of TMT bars is achieved by the addition of
corrosion-resistant elements like copper, phosphorus, and chromium.

Compare to Tor Steel the TMT bars are more corrosion resistant and are
highly recommended to use in reinforced concrete works. These bars are
manufactured with four grades – Fe 415, Fe 500, Fe 550, and Fe 600.

4. Welded Wire Fabrics

They consist of weldmesh manufactured from medium tensile steel drawn out
from diameter mild steel bars. Wires fabrics have higher than that of mild steel.

Welded Wire Fabrics

These wire fabrics are available in different-width wire rolls, which are
very much used in partitions, fencing, etc., and sometimes in R.C slab
construction.

Properties
• It should have sufficient compressive strength.
• It should have Adequate tensile strength
• High Fire and weather resistance
• It should be a Durability material.
• Economy to molded any shape
• Low maintenance cost
• The economy as a construction material

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 Plain Cement Concrete (PCC)
Introduction
The term PCC refers to Plain Cement Concrete. PCC is the mixture of cement,
fine aggregate(sand), and coarse aggregate without reinforcement. PCC
Concrete is spread on the soil surface before concreting maid structure to avoid
direct contact of reinforcement of concrete with soil and water.

PCC Concrete
Concrete has been used for many wonderful things throughout history, either for
architecture or for infrastructure work, and more. Although concrete is used as
construction material nowadays. There are two terms used on
any construction site RCC (Reinforced Cement concrete) and PCC Concrete
(Plain Cement Concrete) work.

RCC means Reinforced Cement Concrete in which reinforcement means

steel bars are used to give it tensile strength and whereas in PCC, no steel bars
are used it.

Before starting any RCC masonry work directly on the excavated soil, the
PCC concrete is made to form a flat surface and it is avoided to keep
the concrete perpendicular to the soil so that the mixture is mixed with the soil
and the water removed by the PCC It can also be weakened to prevent soil.

Plain cement concrete can only be called “cement concrete (CC)” or “binding
concrete“. Some people also call it “Mud Mat“.

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 Hand Mixing of Concrete
4. Subsequently, the measured volume of coarse aggregates is spread over
the above mixture in the same layer and mixed properly.
5. Remember to use measurement boxes for batching of aggregates, that is,
to determine how many aggregates are to be used. Never allow the use
or use of ‘game less‘ for batching, that is, the measurement of
total quality.
6. Later, the entire mixture is mixed properly such as turning from center
to edge, then towards the center, and again several times. After
that, depression occurs at the center of the composite materials.
And, 75% of the required amount of water is added to the sediment and
mixed with the help of shovels.
7. Finally, the remaining amount of water is added and the mixing process
continues until uniform color and consistency of concrete are achieved.
The total time taken for the mixing of concrete should not exceed 3
minutes.

Precautions to be taken while shaking concrete

• The base platform should be clean, dirt-free and water-free.
• Use a good and clean shovel for the mixing process.
• If there are any dirt or debris in the aggregate, wash them before use.
• Personal protective equipment such as hand gloves, masks, etc. should
be worn by laborers and masons when mixing and handling concrete.
• The mixing platform should be cleaned at the end of the day’s work.

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2. Machine Mixing of Concrete

Machine mixing is the process of mixing the components of concrete with a

concrete mixer machine. It is highly effective for meeting the demands of short
mixing time, optimum stability, and homogeneous quality of concrete.

Concrete Mixing Machine Process

Machine Mixing of Concrete

1. First, wet the internal surfaces of the drum of the concrete mixer.
2. Coarse aggregates are first placed in the mixer, followed by sand and
then cement.
3. Mix the ingredients in a dry state in the mixing machine. Generally,
it should be 1.5 to 3 minutes.
4. After proper mixing of the dry material, slowly pour the right amount of
water while the machine is in motion. Do not add more water
than necessary. This is not appropriate as it reduces strength.
5. After adding water, you must mix the concrete in the drum for
a minimum of two minutes. If there is any separation of concrete
after unloading from the mixer, remix the concrete.

Precautions of Concrete Mixing Machine

• The concrete mixer must be wet before using the machine.
• Keep in mind the time, speed and number of revolutions of the mixer

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 drum as recommended by the manufacturers of the mixer machine.
• Concrete must be used within 30 minutes after mixing and discharging
by the concrete mixer.
• If your mixture is batch type, after discharging a batch of concrete, the
inner surface of the mixer drum should be thoroughly cleaned. If not,
mixing of the previous batch can form a lump of hardened concrete to
form a part of the subsequent batch and deteriorate the quality of the
concrete.
• If your mixture is of a continuous type, it is necessary to clean the
concrete mixer after a fixed interval.
• The interior of the concrete mixer should be carefully inspected at
regular intervals to check for damage, breakage, or corrosion.

3. Ready Mix Concrete

In India, on-site production of traditional concrete with the use of manpower
and primitive mixer machine equipment is commonly used. However, ready
mix concrete is also gaining popularity nowadays.

Finished mixing is particularly useful in concrete congested areas or in road

construction, where little or no space is available for mixing plants or for
storage of aggregates. In this method, the quality control of the concrete is easy
as the concrete is mixed and blended in a mechanized central batching plant.

Ready Mix Concrete Plant

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