Graph PDF
Graph PDF
Graph PDF
Chapter 7 239
Update your skills. See pages 25 and 26.
7-1 Pictographs
Dogs in Dog Show
Kai made a tally of the number Category Tally
of dogs in each category
Sporting 55555551
in the dog show.
Terriers 5555
Working 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1111
Then Kai organized his data
Hounds 555555
in a pictograph.
Toy 5
Nonsporting 5 5
To make a pictograph:
앫 List each category. Dogs in Dog Show
앫 If necessary, round the data Sporting
to nearby numbers. Terriers
36 35 39 40
Working
앫 Choose a picture or symbol
Hounds
that can represent the
number in each category. Toy
앫 Choose a key. Nonsporting
Let each ⫽ 10 dogs. Key: Each ⫽ 10 dogs.
앫 Draw pictures to represent Each ⫽ 5 dogs.
the number in each category.
앫 Label the pictograph. Write the title and the key.
240 Chapter 7
3604-9_SE4_240-241:3604-9_SE4_240-241 11/18/10 11:31 AM Page 241
2. Ida sold 350 cones of one 3. Which flavor was the least
flavor. What flavor was this? popular?
4. How many more cherry cones 5. Find the median of these numbers:
would Ida need to sell to make 250, 300, 390, 350, 175, 100.
a total of 450 cones?
Chapter 7 241
NETS 8997 WHS Gr4 PE Progress in Math 8204-6 240-241 bjj 08.05.05 edit bjj 12.13.05 4th PP
C it I iti l D t
Update your skills. See pages 25 and 26.
How can you use the bar graph to find how tall the
tallest red spruce tree is in the United States?
242 Chapter 7
Use the bar graph on page 242.
1. Which tree is 160 feet tall? 2. Which two trees are the same
How much taller is it than height? How tall are they?
the shortest tree?
Animal
Cheetah
Cheetah 70
Elephant
Elephant 25
Grizzly Bear
Grizzly Bear 30
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Miles Per Hour
Use the completed horizontal bar graph
to interpret the data.
4. Which animal has the shortest 5. Which two animals have bars
bar? Explain why. of the same length? What does
this mean?
The bar graph shows cat food sales. Cat Food Sales
8. In what way is this graph misleading?
Cat Food
Cat
Yummies
9. How might you fix the graph so it Glad
is not misleading? Cat
12 14 16 18 20 22
Cases Sold
Chapter 7 243
Update your skills. See page 26.
Attendance
how many visitors it has each year. 40,000
About how many visitors did the
30,000
museum have in 2000?
20,000
To find how many:
0
Find the year on the
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
horizontal axis. Year
Move up to the point.
Read the number on the A broken scale is used since
the data starts at 20,000.
vertical scale at the left.
244 Chapter 7
Use the line graph on page 244 for exercises 1–6.
1. How many visitors did the museum have in:
a. 1999 b. 2002 c. 2003 d. 2005
2. In which years did the museum 3. In which years did the museum
have more than 50,000 visitors? have fewer than 40,000 visitors?
400
students were there?
350
8. In which year were there 350 300
fourth graders? 250
200
9. Is the difference in the number
of 4th graders from 2000 to 150
Chapter 7 245
Update your skills. See page 25.
246 Chapter 7
8204-6_246-247 12/27/05 6:54 AM Page 247
The tally chart shows the results of Ken’s How Many Cousins?
survey about how many of his friends
have 2, 3, or 4 cousins. Cousins Tally
Take a survey.
Ask 6 friends what their favorite even number is from 2 to 10.
Tally the results in a tally chart. Then show the results on a line plot.
11. What is the range of the data?
12. What is the mode of the data?
13. Does your data have an outlier? If yes, what is it?
14. How many friends chose 4 as their favorite even number?
15. Compare your survey results with a friend’s results.
Can you draw any conclusions from the data? Explain.
Chapter 7 247
Update your skills. See pages 13 and 26.
248 Chapter 7
8204-6_248-249 12/27/05 6:56 AM Page 249
Woodvale Students’
Favorite Fruits
Use the circle graph at the right.
1. Which fruit is the favorite Bananas
of 110 students? 50 Apples
Melons 110
60
2. How many students named
melons as their favorite fruit? Cherries 30
Chapter 7 249
7-6 Combinations
Suppose you went to Didiʼs
Diner. How many different
ways could you order the
Early Bird Special?
2 ⫻ 2 ⫻ 3 ⫽ 12
250 Chapter 7
Draw a tree diagram to solve.
01. One night, the Early Bird Special 02. Suppose Didi ran out of
offered a choice of either ravioli spinach. How many different
or macaroni and cheese, with ways could you order
either string beans, peas, or cole the Early Bird Special from
slaw. How many different ways the menu on page 250?
could you order?
Chapter 7 251
Update your skills. See page 27.
252 Chapter 7
8204-6_252-253 12/27/05 7:18 AM Page 253
a. b. c.
Chapter 7 253
Update your skills. See page 27.
Letter
the same for every pick.
B
1
The probability of picking B is always . A
3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
As the number of possible outcomes changes,
Number of Times Picked
so does the probability of an event.
254 Chapter 7
Use the information given on page 254.
1. Suppose Ben picks 4 on the Remember: Ben’s experiment
3rd try. What is the probability was without replacement. Rae’s
of his picking 0 on the 4th try? experiment was with replacement.
Make two spinners like the ones at the right. Decide which
1 2
player is EVEN and which is ODD. Spin both spinners
at the same time and find the sum. If the sum is 5
3
odd, ODD scores 1 point. If the sum is even, EVEN
scores 1 point. The winner is the first player to score
10 points. Switch roles and play again. 2 6
Chapter 7 255
7-9 Problem-Solving Strategy:
Use a Diagram/Graph ?
Jeffrey created the graph at the 40
35
right. Which of the following could
Number
30
be the title of the graph? 25
20
a. Number of students in the 15
4th grade 10
b. Number of cars washed at two fairs 5
0
c. Number of sides in a rectangle, a
triangle, a square, and a pentagon
d. Number of pies sold by four bakeries
256 Chapter 7
8204-6_256-257 12/27/05 7:20 AM Page 257
30 11
11 10
20
16 8 8
10
0
Chapter 7 257
7-10 Problem-Solving Applications: Mixed Review
Solve each problem and explain the
method you used.
1. There were 175 dogs at the Rosedale
Pet Show. There were 50 small dogs
and 85 medium-size dogs. The rest
were large dogs. How many large dogs
were in the show? Make a pictograph
about the dogs in the pet show.
2. Use words to describe the probability
that each type of dog won the
Rosedale show.
Use the circle graph for problems 3–5. Rosedale Pet Show
Other
3. Were more than half the pets dogs? Birds 48
95
4. What fraction of the pets were birds
and cats? 175
Cats 128 Dogs
5. How many pets were entered in the
Rosedale Pet Show?
Use the bar graph for problems 6–9. Other Pets in the Show
6. How many turtles were in the
14
pet show?
12
Number of Pets
258 Chapter 7
8204-6_258-259 12/27/05 7:21 AM Page 259
Use the line graph for problems 14 and 15. Pet Show Attendance
Number of People
Chapter 7 259
Lessons 1–10
Use the tally chart to solve problems 1–3. (See pp. 242–243, 246–247.)
5 in week 2? week 3?
4
6. Is week 5 likely to have less than or
3 1
2 more than 5 2 inches of rain? Explain.
1
0
1 2 3 4
Week
Soccer Players
at Fremont School
Number of Players
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5 The purple bars in the graph
0 stand for the boys. The blue
3rd 4th 5th 6th bars stand for the girls.
Grade
Key: Boys
Girls
3. How many more 6th grade 4. How many fewer 3rd grade
boys play soccer than 6th boys play soccer than 5th
grade girls? grade girls?
Chapter 7 261
Number of Students
Use the circle graph at the right.
Water
1. What fraction of students drank 4
Soda
6
a. milk? b. juice? c. soda or water? Juice
20
Milk
10
2. Did fewer students drink milk than
water and soda? Explain.
Month
262 Chapter 7
Test Preparation Chapters 1–7
Choose the best answer.
1. What is the value of the underlined 7. Round 874,376 to the nearest
digit in 68,325,784? hundred thousand.
5. Find the value of the variable. a. 6 11. What is the next number a. 0
b. 7 in the pattern? b. 1
8
c. 8 c. 3
n5
6
27, 9, 3, ?
d. 9 d. 81
6. Find the length to the nearest 12. Find the length to the nearest
half inch. centimeter.
1 1
a. 1 2 in. b. 2 2 in.
1
c. 3 in. d. 3 2 in. a. 7 cm b. 8 cm c. 67 cm d. 80 cm
Chapter 7 263
8204-6_263-264 12/27/05 7:24 AM Page 264
14. How much change will you receive? 19. Estimate the product by rounding.
Cost: $14.22 a. $5.88 $7.95 a. $42.00
Amount b. $6.78 6 b. $48.00
given: $20.00 c. $6.88 c. $47.00
d. $5.78 d. $43.00
16. Nick puts 42 buns in tins. Each tin 21. Amy has 5 fish. She gives 4 to Meg.
holds 8 buns. How many tins can he Then she buys 6 new fish. How many
fill, with how many buns left over? fish does Amy have now?
a. 5 tins, 2 buns b. 4 tins, 2 buns a. 7 b. 8
c. 5 tins, 4 buns d. 4 tins, 4 buns c. 9 d. 10
264 Chapter 7
Dividing
Here is an apple, ripe and red
On one side; on the other green.
And I must cut it with a knife
Across or in between.
And if I cut it in between,
And give the best (as Mother said)
To you, then I must keep the green,
And you will have the red.
But Mother says that green is tough
Unless it comes in applesauce.
You know what? I’ve been sick enough:
I’ll cut it straight across.
David McCord
1 1
of the whole is yellow. of the set is yellow.
6 6
5 5
of the whole is purple. of the set is purple.
6 6
266 Chapter 8
8204-6_266-267 4/25/06 11:11 AM Page 267
3 5 11
30. ᎏᎏ 31. ᎏᎏ 32. ᎏᎏ
8 6 12
Chapter 8 267
Update your skills. See page 13.
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0 1 2 3 4 5
5 5 5 5 5 5
1 3 5 3
5 is to the left of 5 . 5 is to the right of 5
0 1 2 3 4 5
1 3 5 3
5 5 5 5 5 5 So, 5 5 So, 5 5
3. 4.
0 ? 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 1 2 3 4 ? 6
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 6 6
7. 8.
0 A 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 A 8 9 10
6 6 6 6 6 6 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
16. 17.
B B
Chapter 8 269
8-3 Estimate Fractions
1
You can use 2 to estimate a fraction of a region.
1 Think Think
about 2 blue 1 1
more than 2 less than 2
3 1
about 4 blue about 3 blue
8 2 6
10 10 10
1
0 2 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Think
1
is halfway between 0 and 1.
2
2 1
is between 0 and 2. It is closer to 0.
10
6 1 1
is between 2 and 1. It is closer to 2.
10
8 1
is between 2 and 1. It is closer to 1.
10
5. 6. 7. 8.
2 4 7 1 0 1
17. 18. 19. 20.
9 9 9 9
1
Write whether each fraction is closer to 0, closer to 2,
or closer to 1. You may use models or number lines.
3 1 4 3 1 2
21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26.
10 8 5 7 12 3
Chapter 8 271
8-4 Equivalent Fractions
Equivalent fractions name the same part of a region or a set.
Equivalent Fraction Table
1 1 whole
1 1
2 2 2 halves
1 1 1
3 3 3
3 thirds
1 1 1 1
4 4 4 4 4 fourths
1 1 1 1 1
5 5 5 5 5 5 fifths
1 1 1 1 1 1
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 sixths
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 sevenths
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 eighths
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 ninths
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 tenths
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 elevenths
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 twelfths
1 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 10
10
11
11
12
12
1 1 1 1 3 6
4 4 4 4
Notice that 4 8.
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 6
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 and 8 are equivalent fractions.
4
272 Chapter 8
Write the equivalent fraction. Use the equivalent
fraction table on page 272.
1 n 1 a 2 x 4 b
1.
2
6
2.
4
8
3.
5
10
4.
8
4
2 m 5 s 3 v 2 t
5.
3
12
6.
10
2
7.
12
4
8.
3
9
1 d 2 c 2 r 1 w
9.
3
6
10.
4
8
11.
3
6
12.
5
10
1 y 2 f 3 k 3 y
13.
3
12
14.
6
12
15.
4
8
16.
5
10
1 f 3 z 2 e 1 h
17.
2
10
18.
4
12
19.
2
8
20.
3
9
Does each pair show equivalent fractions? Explain why or why not.
Then write the equivalent fractions.
21. 22.
23. 24.
27. Use fraction strips to write all 28. Look at fifths and tenths. Then
1 12 look at sixths and twelfths.
the fractions from 2 to 12 :
1 Name a fraction that is
a. that are equal to 2. 2
equivalent to 7.
b. that are equal to 1.
Chapter 8 273
8-5 Write Equivalent Fractions
Suppose you did not have 1 1 1 1
an equivalent fraction table. 4 4 4 4
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
How would you find 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
equivalent fractions?
3 6
So 4 8. These are equivalent fractions.
1 3 3 12
So 3 9. So 5 2
0
.
274 Chapter 8
8204-6_274-275 12/15/05 11:37 AM Page 275
1 b 5 c 3 s
16.
2
10
17.
6
12
18.
8
24
5 t 1 w 3 d
19.
9
27
20.
4
16
21.
7
14
2 r 2 f 6 m
22.
5
25
23.
3
18
24.
10
20
1 z 5 f 2 y
25.
6
30
26.
8
40
27.
4
12
d 4 7 28 4 12 s 12
32. 11
22
33. y
40
34. 4
f
35. 9
36
5 15 6 36 r 21 4 48
36. m
18
37. 8
p
38. 9
27
39. v
96
6 7 6 2 4 2
46. 7
47. 9
48. 12
49. 16
50. 25
51. 18
1 3 3 7 2 8
52. 6
53. 10
54. 4
55. 12
56. 2
57. 9
Chapter 8 275
8-6
Factors
Any whole number can be represented by
one or more rectangles.
6
6
or
276 Chapter 8
8204-6_276-277 12/15/05 11:39 AM Page 277
1 24 24
2 12 24 Factors of 24: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24
3 8 24
4 6 24
17. 8, 20, and 40 18. 10, 25, and 45 19. 18, 48, and 54
Chapter 8 277
8-7 Fractions: Lowest Terms
The terms of a fraction are its numerator
and its denominator. A fraction is
in lowest terms, or simplest form, when
its numerator and denominator have
no common factor other than 1.
2 6
is in lowest terms. is not in lowest terms.
5 10
Factors of 2: 1, 2 Factors of 6: 1, 2, 3, 6
Factors of 5: 1, 5 Factors of 10: 1, 2, 5, 10
Common factor of 2 and 5: 1 Common factors of 6 and 10: 1, 2
Write 1
6
in lowest terms. Factors of 6: 1, 2, 3, 6
0 Factors of 10: 1, 2, 5, 10
.6. 2 3 Think
10 2 5 The GCF of 6 and 10 is 2.
6 3 Factors of 3: 1, 6
So 1 in lowest terms is 5.
0 Factors of 5: 1, 5
:8: 2 ? :9: ? ? 14 7 ?
4.
10 2
? 5.
12 3 ? 6.
21 ?
?
10 ? ? 12 ? ? 16 ? 2
7.
25 ?
5 8.
42 ?
7 9. 24 ?
?
278 Chapter 8
8204-6_278-279 4/25/06 11:12 AM Page 279
6 10 8 9 15 4
22. ᎏᎏ 23. ᎏᎏ 24. ᎏᎏ 25. ᎏᎏ 26. ᎏᎏ 27. ᎏᎏ
18 20 24 15 20 10
6 8 6 10 7 5
28. ᎏᎏ 29. ᎏᎏ 30. ᎏᎏ 31. ᎏᎏ 32. ᎏᎏ 33. ᎏᎏ
24 14 15 12 21 15
8 9 15 10 9 12
34. ᎏᎏ 35. ᎏᎏ 36. ᎏᎏ 37. ᎏᎏ 38. ᎏᎏ 39. ᎏᎏ
18 27 18 15 15 18
42. Jamie’s parents looked at 43. Glenda cut out the 26 letters
his notebook. Ten of the of the alphabet to decorate
40 pages were filled with the classroom. She cut 13
math problems. What fractional letters from green paper.
part of his notebook had What fractional part
math problems? of the letters were green?
Chapter 8 279