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    Transport Processes Finals

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    Francielle Lanting
    This document discusses transport processes in plants. It describes passive transport mechanisms like diffusion and osmosis, as well as active transport which requires ATP. Long distance transport of water and nutrients occurs via xylem and phloem. Xylem transport follows the tension-cohesion model where water moves through the plant by adhesion and cohesion. Phloem transport follows the pressure-flow hypothesis where sugar is loaded into the phloem by companion cells and bulk flow occurs due to pressure gradients.

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    Transport Processes Finals

    Uploaded by

    Francielle Lanting
    16 views2 pages
    This document discusses transport processes in plants. It describes passive transport mechanisms like diffusion and osmosis, as well as active transport which requires ATP. Long distance transport of water and nutrients occurs via xylem and phloem. Xylem transport follows the tension-cohesion model where water moves through the plant by adhesion and cohesion. Phloem transport follows the pressure-flow hypothesis where sugar is loaded into the phloem by companion cells and bulk flow occurs due to pressure gradients.

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    Botany and taxonomy finals notes

    Original Title

    (13) TRANSPORT PROCESSES FINALS

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    This document discusses transport processes in plants. It describes passive transport mechanisms like diffusion and osmosis, as well as active transport which requires ATP. Long distance transport of water and nutrients occurs via xylem and phloem. Xylem transport follows the tension-cohesion model where water moves through the plant by adhesion and cohesion. Phloem transport follows the pressure-flow hypothesis where sugar is loaded into the phloem by companion cells and bulk flow occurs due to pressure gradients.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    16 views2 pages

    Transport Processes Finals

    Uploaded by

    Francielle Lanting
    This document discusses transport processes in plants. It describes passive transport mechanisms like diffusion and osmosis, as well as active transport which requires ATP. Long distance transport of water and nutrients occurs via xylem and phloem. Xylem transport follows the tension-cohesion model where water moves through the plant by adhesion and cohesion. Phloem transport follows the pressure-flow hypothesis where sugar is loaded into the phloem by companion cells and bulk flow occurs due to pressure gradients.

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    of 2

    Pharmaceutical Botany w/ Taxonomy

    LEC | 13 TRANSPORT PROCESSES


    TRANSPORT PROCESSES ▪ Mechanism of xylem transport
    - Diffusion and active transport - Tension-cohesion model
    - Osmosis and imbibition
    - Long distance transport: Phloem ▪ Mechanism of phloem transport
    - Long distance transport: Xylem - Pressure-flow hypothesis

    PASSIVE AND ACTIVE TRANSPORT XYLEM CELLS


    Passive Transport ▪ Vessel elements
    - Does NOT require ATP to occur - wide, thin walled, hollow cells; dead at
    - Diffusion maturity, for transport & support
    - Osmosis
    ▪ Tracheids
    Active Transport - narrower, tapered cells; have pits at ends that
    - Requires ATP to occur allow water transport
    - Bulk transport
    XYLEM TRANSPORT
    PASSIVE TRANSPORT Tension-cohesion model
    ▪ Diffusion ▪ Transpiration
    - movement of molecules from a region of higher - loss of water vapor from a plant’s aerial parts
    concentration to a region of lower
    concentration ▪ Cohesion
    - the tendency of like
    ▪ Osmosis molecules to adhere
    - diffusion of water through a semi-permeable or stick together
    membrane from a region where water is more
    concentrated to a region where it is less ▪ Adhesion
    concentrated - the tendency of
    - Osmosis is primary way water enters plants unlike molecules to
    from environment adhere to one
    another
    OSMOSIS AND PLASMOLYSIS
    Plasmolysis TENSION-COHESION MODEL
    - Loss of water through osmosis 1. Water is pulled up the plant due to tension
    - Accompanied by shrinkage of protoplasm away produced at the top of the plant by evaporative pull
    from the cell wall of transpiration.

    Imbibition 2. The tension draws water up the stem xylem to leaf


    - First step in seed germination cells that have lost water as a result of transpiration
    - Cells imbibe water by osmosis and pulls water from root xylem into stem xylem
    - Absorption of water by a dry seed that precedes
    germination 3. As water is pulled upward, soil water is drawn into
    the roots
    TRANSPORT WITHIN PLANTS
    Imbibition 4. This upward pulling of water is possible only as long
    - Water and minerals absorbed by roots are as there is unbroken column of water in the xylem
    drawn upward in the xylem to the shoots throughout the plant.
    - Sugar produced by photosynthesis is exported
    from leaves to other organs via the phloem UNBROKEN COLUMN OF WATER
    - cohesion among water molecules, which are
    TRANSPORT IN THE PLANT BODY strongly attracted to one another by hydrogen
    ▪ Long distance transport bonding
    - Water and solutes move through xylem and - adhesion of water to the walls of xylem cells
    phloem by bulk flow, the movement of a fluid
    driven by pressure
    LEC | 13 TRANSPORT PROCESSES

    ROOTS SELECTIVELY ABSORB NUTRIENTS THE PRESSURE-FLOW


    - Minerals as ions dissolved in soil water - Explains translocation in phloem
    - Concentration of mineral ions in xylem sap - Movement of dissolved sugar due to pressure
    different from those in soil water gradient between the source and sink
    - Dissolved mineral ions pass through plasma
    membrane by active transport THE PRESSURE-FLOW THRU ACTIVE TRANSPORT
    1. At the source
    ACTIVE TRANSPORT OF DISSOLVED MINERAL IONS - dissolved sucrose moves from a leaf’s
    - The energy-requiring movement of a substance mesophyll cells into the companion cells
    - Movement across a membrane from a region of - companion cells load it into sieve tube elements
    lower concentration to a region of higher of phloem by AT
    concentration
    - Dissolved mineral ions pass through plasma 2. Result:
    membrane by active transport - increase dissolved sugars in the sieve tube
    - Requires expenditure of energy elements
    - water moves by osmosis from xylem cells into
    PHLOEM CELLS sieve tubes
    ▪ Sieve-tube elements - increasing turgor pressure inside them
    - alive at maturity; long
    narrow with sieve plates 3. At the sink:
    at ends - sugar is unloaded from the sieve-tube elements
    - water moves out of the sieve tubes by osmosis
    ▪ Companion cell and into surrounding cells
    - attached to side of sieve-
    tube element 4. Most of this water diffuses back to the xylem
    - water movement decreases the turgor pressure
    TRANSLOCATION IN PHLOEM CELLS inside the sieve tubes at the sink
    ▪ Movement of fluid within phloem tissues
    - both upward and downward

    ▪ Phloem carries phloem sap or food from a sugar


    source to a sugar sink
    o Sugar source
    - an organ where sugar is being produced
    - usually leaves

    o Sugar sink
    - an organ of storage (as starch)
    - usually roots, growing stems, buds, fruits

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