Mechatronics Lab Manual Final Dce 23.7.16 PDF
Mechatronics Lab Manual Final Dce 23.7.16 PDF
Mechatronics Lab Manual Final Dce 23.7.16 PDF
DEPARTMENT OF
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
LABORATORY MANUAL
Name : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________
DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
VISION
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.
MISSION
To contribute to the promotion of academic excellence in pursuit of technical education at different levels
To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart
and soul
VISION
Rendering the services to the global needs of engineering industries by educating students to become
MISSION
To produce mechanical engineering technocrats with a perfect knowledge intellectual and hands on
experience and to inculcate the spirit of moral values and ethics to serve the society
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in mathematics and basic sciences that will mould
2. Core competence
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to identify complex
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice which
enable them to find solutions for the real time problems in industry and organization and to design
4. Professional skills
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that will build up
their communication skills, individual, leadership and supportive qualities and to enable them to adapt
5. Life-long learning
and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and pursuing advanced degrees
2. To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the same
4. To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
5. To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT tools
6. To understand the role as a professional and give the best to the society
7. To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as economical
8. To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to tell in
9. To work in a team as a team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
To know the method of programming the microprocessor and also the design, modeling & analysis of
basic electrical, hydraulic & pneumatic systems, which enable the students to understand the concept of
mechatronics
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
COURSE OUTCOMES
Upon completion of this course, the students will be able to design mechatronics system with the help of
microprocessor, PLC and other electrical and electronics circuits.
Result:
Thus the program for adding two 8 - bit numbers was executed.
Result:
Thus the program to sort an array of ‘n’ element in ascending order using 8085 microprocessor was
executed.
Result:
Thus the program to sort an array of ‘n’ element in descending order using 8085 microprocessor was
executed.
Viva - voce
1. What is a Microprocessor?
2. What are the basic functional blocks of a microprocessor?
3. What are the advantages of microprocessor based system?
4. What are the disadvantages of microprocessor based system?
5. What is a bus?
6. Define – Bit, Byte and Word
7. What is meant by an instruction set?
8. What is meant by band width?
9. Define – Mnemonics
10. Define – Op-code and operand
11. What is the difference between the microprocessor and micro controller?
12. How many interrupts are there in 8085?
13. What are the various registers used in 8085?
14. What is a flag?
15. What are the various flags used in 8085?
16. What is meant by program counter?
17. In 8085 which is called as higher order / low order register?
18. What are the drawbacks of first generation microprocessors?
19. What is the difference between CPU bus and System bus?
20. Define – ALE
16 Format No: DCE/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00
Expt. No.8 STEPPER MOTOR INTERFACE WITH 8051–
MICROCONTROLLER
Aim:
To run a stepper motor at different speeds and different directions using 8051 assembly language
Apparatus required:
1. Stepper motor
2. Interface board
Procedure:
1. Switch 'ON' the micro controller.
2. Initialize the starting address.
3. Enter the mnemonics code in the microcontroller.
4. Reset the microcontroller.
5. Execute the program.
Program:
ORG 4100H
START
MOV DPTR, #4500H
MOV R0, #04
MOVX A, @DPTR
PUSH DPH
PUSH DPL
MOV DPTR, #FFCOH
MOV R2, #04H
MOV R1, #FFH
MOV R3, #FFH
DJNZ R3, DLY
DJNZ R1, DLY1
DJNZ R2, DLY1
MOV @DPTR, A
POP DPL
POP DPH
INC DPTR
DJNC R0,J0
SJMP START
END
17 Format No: DCE/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00
Result:
Thus the program to run the stepper motor at different speeds and different directions was written using
8051 assembly language and executed.
Outcome:
Able to learn the working principle of stepper motor using 8051 microcontroller.
Applications:
The stepper motor is used for precise positioning with a motor, such as hard disk drives, robotics,
antennas, telescopes, and some toys. Stepper motors cannot run at high speeds, but have a high holding
torque.
Viva - voce
1. What is microcontroller?
2. What is meant by baud rate?
3. List the interrupts of 8051 – Microcontroller.
4. What are the four distinct types of memory in 8051?
5. What are the register banks in 8051 microcontroller?
6. What is the general purpose registers of 8051?
7. What is the asynchronous data transmission format of 8051 serial port?
8. What is meant by memory – Mapped I/O?
9. Difference between RET and RET 1 instruction in 8051.
10. What is the size of RAM and ROM in 8051?
11. List the various flags in the PSW register.
12. What are the different types of instructions?
13. What are the instructions to access the program memory?
14. What are addressing modes?
15. What is stepper motor?
16. What are the applications of stepper motor in mechatronics system?
17. What is meant by ALU? State its function.
18. What are the interface methods available in stepper motor?
19. State the application of stepper motor and servo motor in mechatronic systems.
20. What is meant by key bounce?
Result:
Thus the program to control traffic light control system was written using 8051 assembly language and
executed.
Viva - voce
Result:
Thus the speed of DC motor is measured using optical sensor.
Outcome:
Able to learn the DC motor speed control methods and the working principle of optical sensor.
Applications:
DC motor is an industry workhorse for high and low power, fixed and variable speed electric drives.
Applications range from cheap toys to automotive applications. They are inexpensive to manufacture and
are used in variable speed household appliances such as sewing machines and power tools.
Theoretical Strain:
Where,
Applied load to the beam (P) = 1 kg
Thickness of the beam (t) = 0.25 cm
Breath of the beam (B) = 2.8 cm
Length of the beam (L) = 21.58 cm
Young's modulus (Y) of the beam = 2 × 106 kg /cm2
Procedure:
1. Install the cantilever beam strain sensor setup and interface the 9 pin D connector with VTT-01
2. Connect the multimeter in millivolt mode across T2 and T3 for bridge voltage measurement.
3. Switch 'ON' the module and select the strain transducer by switching the select button.
4. Initially, unload the beam and nullify the bridge voltage using a fine adjustment POT.
5. On applying the load to the beam, strain will develop on the beam. Then measure the bridge voltage
(mV) across T2 and T3.
6. Gradually increase the load on the beam and note down applied load and the bridge voltage (mV).
7. Tabulate the values of applied load, theoretical strain and the bridge voltage (mV).
8. Plot a graph between theoretical strain versus bridge voltage (mV).
Result:
Thus the characteristics between the strain applied to the cantilever beam strain sensor and the bridge
voltage was studied and the graph was plotted.
Result:
Thus the characteristics of the LVDT position sensor with respect to the differential voltage were studied.
Result:
Thus the characteristics of the pressure cell with respect to bridge voltage were studied.
Procedure:
1. Patch the wires of RTD to the VTT-01 trainer (Back panel).
2. Switch 'ON' the VTT-01 trainer. Select the temperature transducer by "select" button.
3. Now adjust the fine potentiometer to read 30°C at the display. This is done for initial setup of the
trainer and this adjustment should not be disturbed.
4. Insert the RTD into the water bath and note the temperature without any heating at ambient condition.
5. Place the multimeter in "voltage mode" across the O/P 4 and T14 terminals.
6. Gradually start heating the water bath and note down the actual temperature, output voltage and the
displayed temperature of the trainer simultaneously.
7. Plot the graph for temperature Vs voltage.
8. Calculate the % error and plot the graph for temperature Vs % error
Tabulation:
Actual temperature (oC) Output voltage (V) Displayed temperature (oC) % Error
Result:
Thus the study of temperature measurement system and the accuracy of signal conditioning board were
done and the graph is drawn.
30 Format No: DCE/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00
Outcome:
Able to understand the working principle of strain measurement system, pressure measurement system,
temperature measurement system and displacement measurement system.
Applications:
Usually a transducer converts a signal in one form of energy to a signal in another. Transducers are often
employed at the boundaries of automation, measurement, and control systems, where electrical signals are
converted to and from other physical quantities (energy, force, torque, light, motion, position, etc.).
Viva - voce
Result:
Thus the pneumatic circuit using a two way pressure valve was constructed and executed.
32 Format No: DCE/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00
Expt. No.16 ACTUATION OF DOUBLE ACTING CYLINDER USING
ELECTRICAL PUSH BUTTON SWITCH IN METER - IN
CIRCUIT
Aim:
To study the actuation of double acting cylinder using electrical push button switch in meter - in circuit
Apparatus required:
1. Pump unit
2. 4/3 hand lever valve
3. Double acting cylinder
4. One way flow control valve
5. Push button
6. Valve solenoid
7. Electrical connection 24 V
Procedure:
1. Draw the circuit.
2. Switch 'ON' the single phase motor.
3. When the push button in the LHS is pressed, the solenoid valve S1 gets actuated.
4. Then the oil will flow through the one way flow control valve, the piston moves on the forward
direction.
5. When the push button on the RHS is pressed the solenoid valve (S2) will get activated.
6. Then the oil will flow through the one way flow control valve to push the piston in reverse direction.
Result:
Thus the actuation of double acting cylinder using electrical push button switch in meter - in circuit was
experimentally studied.
Result:
Thus the actuation of the double acting cylinder using electrical push button switch in meter - out circuit
was experimentally studied.
Result:
Thus the actuation of the rotary actuator using electrical push button switch in meter - out circuit was
experimentally studied.
Result:
Thus the actuation of the rotary actuator using electrical push button switch in manual mode was
experimentally studied.
Result:
Thus the continuous reciprocation of single acting cylinder was achieved using a pilot operated valve.
Result:
Thus the continuous reciprocation of double acting cylinder was achieved.
Result:
Thus the double acting cylinder was controlled electrically using a 5/2 single pilot valve.
Result:
Thus the direction control of a double acting cylinder using 5/2 double pilot valve was achieved.
Result:
Thus the actuation of single acting cylinder was carried out using 3/2 single solenoid valve.
47 Format No: DCE/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00
Expt. No.25 ACTUATION OF SINGLE ACTING CYLINDER USING
‘ON’ DELAY TIMER
Aim:
To construct an electro pneumatic circuit for the actuation of single acting cylinder using ON delay timer
Apparatus Required:
1. Compressor
2. FRL unit
3. Time delay valve
4. Electrical controller
5. Single acting cylinder
6. 3/2 Single solenoid valve
7. Batch card
Procedure:
1. The power supply is provided to electrical controller by interfacing the +ve to +ve and -ve to -ve.
2. The power supply is provided to pneumatic trainer from electrical controller by interfacing 24 +ve to
+ve and -ve to -ve.
3. Using the SPDT switch energize the corresponding solenoid to get the desired movement of the
cylinder.
4. Actuate the time delay circuit.
5. From the time delay, give connection to single acting cylinder according to the time set.
6. Design and draw the pneumatic circuit.
7. Test the circuit.
8. Observe the working of the cylinder.
Result:
Thus the actuation of single acting cylinder was carried out using ON delay timer.
Result:
Thus the movement of single acting cylinder was carried out using OFF delay timer.
Result:
Thus the circuit is constructed and tested as per the given application.
Pneumatic circuits - A pneumatic system controlled through manual or automatic solenoid valves is selected
when it provides a lower cost, more flexible, or safer alternative to electric motors and actuators.
Pneumatics also has applications in dentistry, construction, mining, and other areas.
Electro pneumatic circuits – industrial automation
Viva - voce
Result:
Thus the circuit is designed and simulated by using Pneumosim software for the given application.
54 Format No: DCE/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00
Expt. No.29 SIMULATION OF DOUBLE ACTING CYLINDERS IN
THE SEQUENCE OF A+ B+ B- A-
Aim:
To simulate double acting cylinders in the sequence of A+ B+ B- A- using Pneumosim software
Apparatus required:
1. Double acting cylinders
2. 5/2 double solenoid valve
3. Compressor
4. Limit Switches
5. Push button valves
6. Pneumosim Software
Procedure:
1. The circuit is designed as per the given experiment.
2. Open a new file from the pull down menu bar.
3. Select and drag the required components from the components library.
4. Connect the components as per the circuit connection.
5. Simulate the circuit to check the actuation.
Result:
Thus the simulation of double acting cylinders in the sequence of A+ B+ B- A- was achieved using
Pneumosim software.
Result:
Thus the pneumatic circuit for the given application is designed and tested.
Result:
Thus the pneumatic circuit for the given application is designed and tested.
Result:
Thus the electro pneumatic circuit for given application is designed and simulated.
61 Format No: DCE/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00
Expt. No.33 DESIGN AND TESTING OF MULTI CYCLE OPERATION
OF DOUBLE ACTING CYLINDER USING ELECTRO
PNEUMATIC CIRCUIT
Aim:
To actuate a double acting cylinder in multi cyclic continuous reciprocation using electrically operated
solenoid valve
Apparatus required:
1. Double acting cylinder
2. 5/2 double solenoid valve
3. Compressor
4. Pneumosim software
Procedure:
1. The circuit is designed as per the given application.
2. The 5/2 double solenoid valve is operated by switches S1 and S2.
3. When the start button is pressed, it closes the relay coil RL1 and solenoid valve 1 gets energized
which moves the cylinder forward direction.
4. At the end of the forward stroke, the switch S1 gets closed and it closes the relay coil RL2, then the
solenoid valve S2 gets energized and the cylinder moves in reverse direction.
5. At the end of the return stroke, the switch S2 gets closed and it closes relay coil RL2. Then the
solenoid valve 1 gets energized and the cylinder moves in forward direction.
6. This process is repeated.
Circuit diagram:
Result:
Thus the electro pneumatic circuit for given application is designed and simulated.
62 Format No: DCE/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00
Expt. No.34 DESIGN AND TESTING OF ELECTRO PNEUMATIC
CIRCUIT FOR SINGLE CYCLE AUTOMATION OF
MULTICYLINDERS IN THE SEQUENCE OF A+ B+ B- A-
Aim:
To design and test a electro pneumatic circuit for single cycle automation of multi
cylinders in the sequence of A + B + B - A -
Apparatus required:
1. Double acting cylinders
2. 5/2 double solenoid valve
3. Compressor
4. Pneumosim software
Procedure:
1. The circuit is designed as per the given application.
2. The compressor is connected to FRL unit.
3. The cylinder A extends when the solenoid valve S1 is actuated which further initiates the extension of
cylinder B.
4. This actuates the magnetic switch S1and the solenoid valve S4 which results in the retraction of
cylinder B.
5. The retracted cylinder B actuates the solenoid valve which results in retraction of cylinder A.
Result:
Thus the pneumatic circuit for the given application is designed and tested.
Outcome:
Able to understand the design and simulation of hydraulic and pneumatic circuits using Hydro-sim and
Pneumo-sim software respectively.
Applications:
Hydraulic circuits – precise control of larger forces e.g. earth movers, material handling equipment, etc.
Pneumatic circuits - A pneumatic system controlled through manual or automatic solenoid valves is selected
when it provides a lower cost, more flexible, or safer alternative to electric motors and actuators.
Pneumatics also has applications in dentistry, construction, mining, and other areas.
Electro pneumatic circuits – industrial automation
Result:
Thus the actuation of single acting cylinder with PLC using AND Gate was done.
Result:
Thus the actuation of single acting cylinder with OR Gate was done using PLC.
Result:
Thus the actuation of single acting cylinder with PLC using ON delay timer was done.
70 Format No: DCE/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00
Expt. No.38 SIMULATE THE ACTUATION OF SINGLE ACTING
CYLINDER WITH PLC USING 'OFF' DELAY TIMER
Aim:
To actuate the single acting cylinder with PLC using OFF delay timer
Apparatus required:
1. Compressor
2. FRL unit
3. 3/2 single solenoid valve
4. PLC
5. single acting cylinder
6. Versa Pro software
Procedure:
1. Draw the circuit diagram.
2. Provide +24 V and –24 V from PLC trainer to pneumatic panel kit.
3. Open the Versa Pro software in desktop.
4. Interface the PLC with PC using RS232 cable.
5. Draw the ladder diagram.
6. The output of PLC (q1) is direct connected to the input of solenoid valve.
7. Check the ladder diagram.
8. Connect the air supply to FRL unit.
9. Run the PLC. Observe the working of single acting cylinder.
Result:
Thus the single acting cylinder is actuated with PLC using OFF delay timer.
Result:
Thus the double acting cylinder is actuated with 5/2 single solenoid valve using PLC.
Result:
Thus the ladder diagram for the automatic running of single acting cylinder is drawn and executed.
Result:
Thus the ladder diagram for the automatic running of double acting cylinder is drawn and executed.
Outcome:
The full range of wavelengths (and photon energies) is called the "electromagnetic spectrum."
The ALS generates light in the far ultraviolet and soft x-ray regions, which span the wavelengths suited to
studying molecules and atoms.
The visible part of the spectrum may be further subdivided according to color, with red at the long
wavelength end and violet at the short wavelength end, as illustrated (schematically) in the following figure.
Viva - voce
3. Derivative control
With the derivative mode of control the change in controller output from set point is proportional to the rate
of change with respect to time of error signal. This can be represented by the equation
Iout - IO = KD de/dt
Where IO is the set point output value and Iout is the output value that will occur when the error is 'e'
changes at the rate of de/dt. It is usual to express these controller outputs as percentage of the full range of
the output and the error as the percentage of full range. With the derivative mode, the error signal begins to
change there can be quite a large output since it is proportional to the rate of change of error signal and not
the value of error signal. The controller output is constant as the rate of change is also constant and occurs
immediately as the deviation occurs. Derivative mode is not suitable for steady state error signals.
4. Integral control
The integral mode of control is one where the rate of change of the control output I is proportional to
the error signal e.
dI/dt = KI e
Result:
Thus the various types of PID controller were studied.
Result:
Thus the speed control of servo motor using PID is studied and the experiment was done.
Result:
Thus the real time temperature controller is studied and the required is achieved.
Model graph:
Output
Current (mA)
Result:
Thus the performance of ON-OFF/P/PI/PD/PID controller on pressure process was studied.
Outcome:
Able to learn the types of control modes and the function of elements in the closed loop control system.
90 Format No: DCE/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00
Applications:
A PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) controller is a common instrument used in industrial control
applications. A PID controller can be used for regulation of speed, temperature, flow, pressure and
other process variables.
Viva - voce
LIST OF PROJECTS