GenBio2 PT 3 and 4

PERFRMANCE TASK #3 AND #4
GENERAL BIOLOGY 2
NAME: Janry D. Abestano DATE PERFORMED: ________________
GROUP NO: 2 DATE SUBMITTED: ________________
SECTION: ST12P3 RATING: ________________________
BLOOD GROUPING
Objective: To understand the basic concept of blood grouping.
Introduction:
Blood is made up of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets in a liquid called plasma.
Your blood group is identified by antibodies and antigens in the blood. Antibodies are proteins
found in plasma. They're part of your body's natural defenses. They recognize foreign substances,
such as germs, and alert your immune system, which destroys them. Antigens are protein molecules
found on the surface of red blood cells (Molnar and Gair, 2013).
The ABO system

There are four main blood groups defined by the ABO system:
 blood group A – has A antigens on the red blood cells with anti-B antibodies in the plasma
 blood group B – has B antigens with anti-A antibodies in the plasma
 blood group O – has no antigens, but both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma
 blood group AB – has both A and B antigens, but no antibodies
Figure 1. The Blood Group
http://factmyth.com/factoids/there-are-different-blood-types
Materials:
Monoclonal Antibodies (Anti-A, B and D) Sterile cotton balls
Blood Lancet Clean glass slide
Alcohol swabs Ice tray
Tooth picks Biohazard disposal container
Procedures: (Part 1)
1. Set the table with all the materials required. Remember to place the Monoclonal Antibody
(Mab) kit in an Ice tray.
2. Open an Alcohol swab, and rub it at the area from where the blood will be sampled
(fingertip). (Discard the swab)
3. Open the Lancet cover, put pressure at the tip of the finger from where blood will be sampled
(maintain it). Prick the fingertip with the opened Lancet.(Discard the Lancet)
4. As blood starts oozing out, make 1 drop fall on the three depressions of the glass slide. (in
clinical setup, there will be a fourth well used as a control).
5. Place a cotton ball at the site where it was pricked. Using the thumb, put pressure on the area
to stop blood flow.
6. Take the Anti-A (blue) bottle, resuspend the content and use the dropper to place a drop of
the Mab in the 1st spot. Place the bottle back in ice.
7. Take the Anti-B (yellow) bottle, resuspend the content and use the dropper to place a drop of
the Mab in the 2nd spot. Place the bottle back in ice.
8. Take the Anti-D (colorless) bottle, resuspend the content and use the dropper to place a drop
of the Mab in the 3rd spot. Place the bottle back in ice.
9. Take a tooth pick and mix the content in each well. Discard the tooth pick after using in one
well (take a new one for the next well).
10. After mixing, wait for a while to observe the result.
Questions:
1. What is blood typing?
-Blood typing is a division of blood depending on whether antibodies and hereditary antigenic
compounds are present or absent on the surface of red blood cells.
2. What is the importance of blood typing?

- Blood typing is essential to prevent receiving an incompatible blood type when necessary, such as
during surgery or blood transfusions, as mixing two different blood types can induce lethal blood
cell clumping.
3. Why is it necessary to know your blood type?

- The importance of knowing your blood type is to avoid receiving an incompatible blood type
during a time of need, such as a blood transfusion or surgery. When two different blood types are
mixed, it can result in a clumping of blood cells that can be fatal.
4. What is your blood type based from the activity? Why did you say so?
- Based on the activity, my blood type is O+ because the blood did not coagulate when I removed
the anti A and anti B antibodies. So, to conclude, my blood type is O+.
Procedures: (Part 2)
1. (Pair of students) On a separate glass slide, student A puts a drop of blood on one end and
student B on the other end (to serve as samples)
2. Using tooth pick, mix a small amount of the blood from the collected samples
3. Record the observations (visual changes) after at least 1 minute
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. View the mixed sample under the microscope and draw the noticeable difference of the
mixed blood and compare it to the sample that was not mixed. Make sure to put cover slip
before putting it under the microscope.
5. When done, PLEASE MAKE SURE TO DISPOSE OF THE SPECIMENS and APPARATUS
PROPERLY
DOCUMENATION :(PICTURE OF YOU AND YOUR PARTNER HOLDING THE GLASS SLIDES AND
ANOTHER PICTURE OF THE GLASS SLIDES USED IN THE BLOOD GROUPING)
Drawing and Observations:
How unmixed blood appear under the How MIXED blood appear under the
microscope microscope
Observations: Observations:
My blood, which is type O+, appeared clear, Since we combined blood types O+ with a
slightly yellowish, and light blood red under blood type O+, I can see that the blood is
the microscope. There have been no compatible with one another because there are
discernible changes in red blood cell size or no clumps or unusual shapes in the blood.
shape.
1. What are the blood types that you and your partner mixed?_
-Both my partner and I have the blood type O+.
2. Why is it important to determine the blood types of the donor and the recipient in
transfusions?
-Blood type is crucial when it comes to transfusion. Knowing the blood types of the donor
and receiver should be a priority since your immune system will reject donated blood if it is
incompatible with your blood. It can result in a transfusion reaction that is severe or even
fatal.
3. Describe what happened to the blood before and after it was mixed? What does the change
in its appearance mean and what could happen to the individual who receives blood that
does not match to its blood type?
-It wasn't immediately obvious that the blood was red before it was blended. The hue of the
blood became clearer after mixing, indicating that there was a mixture of several blood
types. The bodily systems will start to act strangely.
Conclusion:
-Given that both members' blood types (students A and B) are O+ before mixing and after all. As a
result, the blood is compatible with one another, flows normally, and does not clump. Generally, it is
crucial that blood types be identified so that when transfusions are done, neither the recipient nor
the host will be harmed.
(References: Concepts of Biology – 1st Canadian Edition and Virtual Amrita Laboratories
Universalizing Education, 2018)

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PERFRMANCE TASK #3 AND #4

Objective: To understand the basic concept of blood grouping.

The ABO system

Figure 1. The Blood Group

2. What is the importance of blood typing?

3. Why is it necessary to know your blood type?

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