Adolescence Nutrition & Obesity
Adolescence Nutrition & Obesity
Adolescence Nutrition & Obesity
Weight Gain
Body fat increase
Growth spurts
GROWTH SPURT
Period of rapid growth changes in
height and weigh
peer influence
Cognitive Processes
Adolescence is a time for rapid cognitive
development
Development of cognitive functions, that
enable the control and coordination of
thoughts and behavior
Nutritionally vulnerability
Adolescent needs Adolescent character
15 12 Iron
mgs
Fluid intake
The water intake recommendation water 6-8
cup /day to avoid dehydration that can lead
to headache and loss of concentration and
irritability
Fluid intake increase with hot weather and
increased activity
Nutritional adolescence issues
Food habits
Deficient micronutrients intake
Eating disorders
Obesity and its complication
Special need groups athletes, Vegan
Bad dietary habits
Eat more fast food rich in fat and sugars
and salts
Eat more soft drinks and sweets
Eating outside the home and not eating
home meals
Eat less fruits and vegetables in adequate
quantities
Escaping breakfast
Sedentary Lifestyles
Physical activity is important for maintain energy
balance
At least 60 minute is needed every day
To improve bone health muscle strength
Decrease physical activity due to
Video and computer games
Parental work schedules
Unsafe neighborhoods
Eating disorders
Anorexia nervosa
Definite neuropsychiatric disorder
It is a severe eating disorder in which
individuals refuse to eat ,fear of increasing
weight ,while denying their behavior and
appearance.
Endogenous causes
Endocrinal disorders
Genetic disorders
Classification
Exogenous causes Endogenous causes
Energy Energy
Intake Expenditure
24 hour recall
Food frequency questionnaire
Dietary preferences
readiness for change
previous attempts
Assess Physical Activity/Inactivity
Daily activity
Screen time
TV in room
Social/community support for
activity
Barriers to physical activity
Assess patient’s and family’s
activity and exercise habits.
Laboratory assessment
Dietary Intervention
Physical Activity Intervention
Behavioral Intervention
Stages of weight management
Stage 1: Prevention
Stage 2: Structured Wt Mgt protocol
Stage 3: Comprehensive
Multidisciplinary protocol
Stage 4: Tertiary Care protocol
Prevention of BMI 5%–84%
Diet and physical activity
• 5 or more servings of fruits and vegetables per
day
• 2 or fewer hours of screen time per day, and no
television in the room where the child sleeps
• 1 hour or more of daily physical activity
• No sugar-sweetened beverages
Behavioral change
Nutrition education,
self-monitoring of food,
physical activity,
Self reward,
Evaluation and reinforcement
coping ability skills,
physical activity advices
Education about what is meant by a
healthy lifestyle’.
Guidelines on how to incorporate
physical activity are also needed
We advice activities of low to
moderate intensity such as walking,
biking, swimming,
T.V Watching
limit T.V Watching 2 hours
movable games
no unhealthy snacks
healthy snacks
Staged 2
Structured Weight Management
Girls
TEE = 389 – (41.2 × age [y]) + PA (1)× (15.0 × weight [kg] + 701.6
× height [m])
boys
TEE = 114 – (50.9 × age [y]) + PA × (19.5 × weight [kg] + 1161.4 ×
height [m])
Dietary recommendation
3 meals; 1-2 nutritious snacks
3 servings of protein/day
3 servings of dairy/day
1.5-2 servings of fruit/day
4-5 servings of non-starchy vegetables
Dessert only on special occasion
No sugar-sweetened beverages
No fast food
Pharmacotherapy