UNIT 5

Different cultures around

the world have tried
to explain what causes
1 Look at the news source. Then check true, false, or no information. earthquakes. Here is one
ancient legend from India:
• The earth is held up by
four elephants that s tand
Huge natural disaster: Earthquake
on a turtle's back. The
In Indian ocean causes tsunami turtle stands on top of a
..• snake. When any of these
hFFECTED.COUNTRIES animals move, the earth
moves and shakes.
rm uus, NUMBERs·
fiiii¥f CAN (iiELPf
After yesterday's disaster, the search for survivors
J MORE aiouffiRTHou11Es continues. Reports say the number of casualties is
increasing. There is a record amount of property
I MORE ABOUT T SUlllMIS. damage. Our website is your online center for
disaster news and information about relief efforts.
f OTHER RECORD DISASTERS

true false no information

1. The news source for this information is the Internet. D D D
2. The tsunami caused the earthquake. D D D
3. Three countries were affected by this disaster. D D D
4. This is the worst tsunami ever. D D D
5. The number of dead or injured is increasing. D D D
6. There was no property damage. D D D

2 Complete the conversation. Use the words from the box.

blizzard breaking news casualties enormous property damage

breaking news
George: Look at this ________ blizzard
from the north. There was a major _______ _
1. 2.
there last night. Almost five feet of snow fell.

enormous
Christie: That's an ________ amount of snow. That much snow can be dangerous.
3.
George: There was some ________
property damage because of fallen trees. There were also some accidents
4.
casualties
because of slippery roads. Luckily, there were no----..,,-----, just minor injuries.
5.

126
3 Look at the illustration. What did each person say? Write sentences in indirect speech. Make
changes in pronouns if necessary.

What should
I do with the
money?

Don't buy a
lot of expensive
things.

1. Dave said to bvy a fa>t car

2. Michael said to get a new house.
3. Julie told him not to spend it all at one time.
4. Scott said to save it for his kids.

5. Lisa said to give some to her.

6. Justin told him to put it in the bank.
7. Tim told him not to buy a lot of expensive things.

4 Rewrite each statement in indirect speech. Make changes in pronouns if necessary.

1. My mom told me, "Heather, go help your cousins."
My mom told me to 90 J.,elp my cov>iflS'.
2. Tina said, "Don't make a mess in the kitchen!"
Tina said not to make a mess in the kitchen.
3. Sarah told Katie, "Eat all your vegetables."
Tina said not to make a mess in the kitchen.
4. Rebecca said, "Don't touch my stuff!"
Rebecca said not to touch her stuff.

5. Dad told the kids, "Put away your things."

Dad told the kids to put away their things.

Natural Disasters 127

 5 Look at the pictures. What is each person saying? Write an imperative in the speech bubble.
Then rewrite the imperative in indirect speech.

Open your mouth.

to get out.
1. She told the cat _______ __ 2. The dentist told the patient _ _____
to open his mouth.

Clean this mess! Be careful!

,.
I ,
I r - "
r; -

3. She said ____________ to be careful.

4. Her dad said __________ _
to clean this mess.

6 WHAT ABOUT YOU? Complete each sentence in your own way. Use indirect imperatives.
1. When I was younger, people told me------------------
"Don't talk to strangers." ----
"You are the future to the humanity."
2. Our teacher often tells us---------------------------
"Be careful with your friends."
3. Today someone said-----------------------------

2
7 Complete each sentence with the correct word from the box.

drought flood hurricane landslide tornado

flood
1. When there is a----------------, a lot of water covers an area where there
usually isn't water.
2. A ________________
drought refers to a long time without rain.
3. When there is a----------------,
landslide a lot of rocks and earth fall down a hill.
hurricane
4. A ______ _____ ___ is a storm with a lot of wind that moves over water.

5. A _ _ _____________ is a storm in which the air moves very quickly in a circle.

tornado

128 UNIT 5
8 Complete the conversation. Circle the correct word or phrase in each pair.
Jonathan: I just talked to Gary Feldman on the phone.
Barbara: Oh, what did he tell / say?
Jonathan: He said I told me don't go I not to go to work today. He told I said that he
has tried I had tried to go, but he can't I couldn't.
Barbara: Why? What happened?
Jonathan: He said I told that the storm is I was really awful. The roads are covered in ice.
Barbara: Really? I listened to the weather report last night, and they told I said it
isn't I wasn't going to be too bad.

9 Change each person's words to indirect speech, changing the verb tense in the indirect speech
statement. Use the verbs in parentheses. Make changes in pronouns if necessary.
1. Nick to Joshua (said): "There is a flood in the valley."
Nicks-aid (tJ.iat) tJ.iere tNas- a flood in tJ.ie valley.

2. Brenda to Aaron (told): "Bad weather was coming our way."

Brenda told Aaron that bad weather had been coming their way.

3. Ryan to Debbie (told): "There's a problem with the car."

Ryan told Debbie that there was a problem with the car.

4. Valerie to Daniel (said): "They called me late."

Valerie said that they had called her late.

5. Kathy to Colleen (told): "I'm ready to go any time."

Kathy told Colleen that she was ready to go any time.

6. Paul to Doug (said): "Everyone got sick."

Paul said that everyone had gotten sick.

10 Change each sentence from indirect speech to direct speech. Make necessary changes to the
tense and prOnOUnS. i,Language.com
1. Ms. Jones told us that the storm was going to be strong.
Ms. Jones: t<TJ.,e s-torm is- 9oi119 to be s-tro119. 11
2. Alexa said that the blizzard was coming in our direction.
“The blizzard is coming in our direction.”
Alexa: __________________________________ _
3. Mr. Kirk said that the weather in the islands had been terrible.
“The weather in the islands was terrible.”
Mr. Kirk:----------------------------------
4. The radio announcer said that a flood covered the roads.
“A flood covers the roads.”

5. Howard Denton told me that the hurricane had damaged a lot of houses.
“The hurricane damaged a lot of houses.”
Howard Denton: ______________________________ _

Natural Disasters 129

 11 Rewrite each conversation. Use indirect speech to tell what each person said. Use the correct form of
}_g)'. or tell. Change pronouns and verb tenses if necessary.
1. Linda: Terri and I are going to the mall later.
Stacy: I want to go with you!
Linda told Stacy tJ,at,J,e and Terri Were 9oin9 to tJ,e mall later.
Stacy,aid tJ,at,J,e Wanted to 90 witJ, tJ,em.
2. Chris: I just got back from Machu Picchu in Peru.
Theresa: Show me the pictures!
Chris told Theresa that he had just gotten back from Machu Picchu in Peru. Theresa said to show
her the pictures.

3. Little girl: Tell me the story about the princess.

Father: You've already heard that story a thousand times!
The little girl told her father to tell her the story about the princess. The father said that she had
already heard the story a thousand times.

4. Joey: I got the fruits and vegetables at a farmer's market.

Brooke: They're very fresh and delicious.
Joey told Brooke (that) he had gotten the fruits and vegetables at the farmer’s market. Brooke
said that they were very fresh and delicious.

12 Read the article Earthquakes on page 56 in the Student's Book again. Check the statements that
&S�� are true. Correct the false statements.
co��gg:�� D 1. The most catastrophic earthquake recorded was in Sumatra. It was in China in 1556.
D 2. Severe earthquakes cause casualties, damage to property, and serious economic consequences.
D 3. The tsunami in 2004 was caused by an earthquake.
D 4. Earthquakes with a magnitude of over 6 on the Richter Scale are generally moderate. They are often
D
deadly.
5. Location can determine the severity of an earthquake just as much as magnitude.
D 6. Older-style buildings are safer than modern buildings. Modern buildings are safer than older-style buildings.
D 7. Earthquakes that happen when people are outdoors usually have a higher death toll.
Earthquakes that happen when people are indoors usually have a higher death toll.

13 Rate the following adjectives from 1 to 5, 1 being the worst.

3 severe
__
5 Did you know?
__ mild
2 • Four out of five of the world's earthquakes take place along the
__ deadly
1
rim of the Pacific Ocean, a zone called the Pacific Ring of Fire.
__ catastrophic
• Most earthquakes last a minute or less.
4
__ moderate • Each year, there are about a million earthquakes around the
world. Only about 100 of these cause serious damage.

130 UNIT 5
14 Read an article about storm chasing. Then check true, false, or no information for each question.

Tornadoes. Hurricanes. Enormous storms. Just

reading these words makes people imagine
catastrophic events that can cause countless injuries
and severe damages. No one looks forward to
weather reports or breaking news that announce
these natural disasters. No one, except a small group
of about 100 people known as "storm chasers."
Who are these people, and what do they do?
A storm chaser is a person who tries to get as close
to a severe storm as possible. A few storm chasers
are scientists who want to learn more about storms
and how they develop. They want to be able to learn
more so that someday they can better predict when Storm chasers study weather data and look closely
and where storms will occur. With more information, at the sky to guess the timing and location of storms
they could help people avoid the catastrophic as they form. They hope to be there when a tornado
destruction and high casualties that often happen forms and to follow it as it touches ground. If they are
when huge storms hit. Others are professional lucky, they will catch a tornado at least once in every
photographers, movie makers, or TV reporters. five to ten trips.
Some are tour guides who take people close to the In 1996, the thriller Twister introduced storm
center of a storm as part of an adventure vacation. chasing to moviegoers. Since then, a lot of people
Most are just people who are fascinated by nature have been fascinated by the topic. There have been
and chase storms as a hobby. TV shows, documentaries, and hundreds of books
Storm chasers travel thousands of miles written about this exciting "sport."
a week in cars loaded with laptops, cameras, But storm chasing is not for everyone. It is a
videos, emergency supplies, and a lot of scientific dangerous hobby. Roads are often wet and dangerous
equipment. The most famous storm chases occur in to drive; severe floods can wash away cars; hailstorms
the springtime in an area called Tornado Alley. It is can cause injuries and damage to cars; and lightning
in the Great Plains states of the United States-such storms can cause casualties. So why do storm chasers
as Nebraska, Oklahoma, Iowa, and Texas-where do it? They say that it is amazingly fun, exciting, and
severe storms and tornadoes frequently happen. always enormously beautiful.

true false no information

1. Storm chasers look for opportunities to study and
photograph huge storms. D D D
2. There are a lot of women storm chasers. D D D
3. There are over 1,000 people who are storm chasers. D D D
4. Storm chasers look forward to tornadoes. D D D
5. Storm chasers know exactly when a tornado will hit a town. D D D
6. There are TV shows about storm chasing. D D D
7. Twister is the best movie about storm chasing. D D D
8. Storm chasing is easy. D D D

Natural Disasters 131

 15 Read the article again. Answer the questions.
They want to learn more about how storms happen. They want to get close to a
storm to take pictures or make movies. They are fascinated by nature._
1. Why do people become storm chasers?_____________________
2. How do storm chasers predict when a storm will hit? ____ _ ___________
They study weather data and look at the sky.

3. What is Tornado Alley?----------------------------

It is an area in the Great Plains in the United States.

4. When do storms usually occur?________________________

In the spring. _
5. Why is storm chasing dangerous?_ _ _____________________
Because of the flooding, hailstorms, and lightning storms.

16 Look at the picture. Write about the disaster. What do you think happened? Describe what's
happening now.

There is flooding in the neighborhood. Two people are

stranded on top of their car. Others are stuck on the roof.
People are coming to help.

4
17 Put a check next to the words that are examples of emergency preparations and supplies.
D tornado D flood D shelter
D first-aid kit D power outage D bottled water
D evacuation D flashlight D earthquake
D non-perishable food D battery-operated radio D other: ________

132 UNIT 5
18 Read the statements from an emergency radio broadcast. Write the letter of the word that is
described in each sentence. You will not use all of the words.
_J,_ 1. "All residents must leave their homes immediately." a. shelter
G 2. "The situation is dangerous, and residents must respond b. matches
immediately." C. non-perishable food
E 3. "The city has been without electricity for four hours now." d. first-aid kit
A
4. "Beds have been set up at local schools until people can e. power outage
return to their homes." f. batteries
C g. emergency
-- 5. "Buy items that will last a long time, such as canned
beans and tuna fish, in case of emergency." h. evacuation
I
-- 6. "If the lights go out, you'll need a battery-powered i. flashlight
source of light."
D j. bottled water
7. "Prepare a small set of medications and supplies
to treat injuries."

19 Read the following brochure. Then check the statements that the brochure recommends.

A Family The best way to deal with an

emergency is to prepare for it
• Teach responsible family members
how and when to shut off water,
EmergencY.t Plan before it happens. You can do this
by making a family emergency plan.
gas, and electricity sources in the
house.
Here are some tips on how to • Learn basic first aid.
The thing about prepare one:
• Decide what you will take and
emergencies and disasters • Put a list of emergency phone where you will go if you have to
is that there usually isn't a numbers. including the police, fire. evacuate.
lot of time to prepare for
them. An emergency can and emergency medical • Decide what to do 1f your family
strike any place at any departments. near every phone. is separated. Choose a place to
time. Is your family Review with children how to call meet in case you can't return to
prepared? these numbers. your home. Pick a friend or family
• Make an emergency supplies kit. member who lives out of the area
This should include non-perishable to stay in contact with.
food, bottled water, flashlights. • Regularly review and practice
matches, batteries, blankets, your plans.
a battery-operated radio, a first-aid
kit, etc.

� Have a plan in case there is an emergency or disaster.

D Write down emergency telephone numbers.
D Gather together some things you might need in an emergency.
D Show young children how to turn on and off the water, gas, and electricity.
D Know how to use the items in a first-aid kit.
D Decide when to evacuate.
D Find a place for everyone in your family to go if you aren't together.
D Practice your plans one time.

Natural Disasters 133

 20 Complete the indirect speech statements with information from the brochure.
1. The brochure says--'---' e------
p rc.....ce'""p"""a"-r-=-
to'-+- ---- for an emergency before it happens.
2. The brochure tells people to make a family emergency plan.
3. The brochure says to review with children how to call emergency
phone numbers.
4. The brochure says _____to decide _________ where you'll go if you have to evacuate.

5. The bruchure tells you to choose a place to meet if you can't go home.

21 WHAT ABOUT YOU? Are you prepared for an emergency? Which of the following supplies do you
have in your home?
D bottled water D non-perishable food D battery-operated radio
D candles D matches D other: _______
tools _
D flashlights D first-aid kit D other: _______
D extra batteries D fire extinguisher

GRAMMAR BOOSTER

A Read each sentence. If the punctuation is correct, write .C. If the punctuation is incorrect, write land
correct the punctuation.
D
1. Mom said) '\fon't go in the water." _I_
I The child said, “Please read me a story.”
2. The child said please read me a story. __
C
3. I said not to touch anything. __
4. We told the dog to stay. __C
The travel guide tells visitors, “Try to take a tour of
5. The travel guide tells visitors try to take a tour of the island. __I the island.”

6. The woman told her son don't play with your food. __ I The woman told her son, “Don’t play with your food.”

B Change each statement from indirect speech to direct speech. Use correct punctuation.
1. The teacher told us to have a good weekend.
The teacher told us------------------------------
,“Have a good weekend.”
2. Tammy told her assistant to put the mail on the desk.
,“Put the mail on the desk.”
Tammy told her assistant---------------------------
3. The waiter said to try the salmon.
,“Try the salmon.”
The waiter said-------------------------------
4. The actor said not to believe everything on television.
,“Don’t believe everything on television.”
The actor said-------------------------------
5. Mom said not to come home too late.
,“Don’t come home too late.”
Mom said _________________________________

134 UNIT 5
C Write each direct speech statement in indirect speech. Change the tense only if necessary.
1. Mom just told me, "I need to get some emergency supplies before the storm."
Mom just told me that she needs to get some emergency supplies before the storm.
2. Sarah said, "We bought a new car last year."
Sarah said that they had bought a new car last year.
3. Our teacher told us yesterday, "Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius."
Our teacher told us yesterday that water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
4. His doctor told him, "You need to exercise more."
His doctor told him that he needs to exercise more.
5. Last month my parents told me, "We're going to Peru in December."
Last month my parents told me that we were going to Peru in December.

D Look at the pictures. Complete the speech bubbles. Then complete each sentence in indirect
speech. Change the verb in indirect speech only if necessary.

1.
2.
have to lose
weight.

I have a terrible

headache

Jodi just said that >he ha> a terrible Yesterday, the doctor said ______
headache I have to lose weight.

3. 4.

_.],
took my doll.

’re going to win!

Kimmy told her mother _______ The coach said __________

that he took her doll. we’re going to win.

Natural Disasters 135

 WRITING BOOSTER

A Read the paragraph below. Add words and expressions to show the order of importance of the
details in the paragraph.
It is very important to know what to do in the case of a fire. Fires can be deadly, so knowing what to
do in a fire can save your life.--------,
First and most important look around and locate the nearest escape route,
1.
Second
usually the nearest door. , if the door is closed, check it for heat before you open it.
2.
If the door is hot, do not open it. Escape through a window instead. If the door is not hot, open it slowly
to check whether smoke or fire will block your way out.--------,
Next close the door behind
3.
you when you leave that room. This can help prevent the fire from spreading to other places and rooms.
Following that
--------, drop down and crawl towards the exit. It is important not to run or walk as smoke
4.
Finally
and heat rise. --------, once outside, call the emergency number to alert firefighters to the
5.
fire. Sit down and try to stay calm until the firefighters arrive. Never go back into the house.

B Read the statements about what to do in an earthquake. Organize the statements in order
of importance.
3 Check for injuries and damage. See if you can find your way out.
1 Drop to the ground. If you're standing up, you could fall and hurt yourself.
2 Look for a table or another piece of furniture and take cover. This will help protect you from
breaking glass or things that fall. Do not move from that place until the shaking stops.
4 When the shaking stops, move slowly away from where you are. Be careful not to trip over
fallen objects.

C Use the statements in Exercise B to write a short paragraph about what to do in an earthquake. Use
words and expression of importance. Begin with a topic sentence. Add more information if necessary.

Earthquakes are natural disasters that can result in serious injuries, so knowing what to do in an
earthquake can save your life. Here is a list of things to remember if you are ever caught in an
earthquake. First and most important, drop to the ground when you start to feel the ground shaking. If
you’re standing up, you could fall and hurt yourself. Second, look for a table or another piece of
furniture and take cover. This will help protect you from breaking glass or things that fall. Do not
move from that place until the shaking stops. Next, check for injuries and damage. See if you can
find your way out. Finally, when the shaking stops, move slowly away from where you are. Be careful
not to trip over fallen objects.

136 UNIT 5