Designation: A 1021/A 1021M – 05

Standard Specification for

Martensitic Stainless Steel Forgings and Forging Stock for
High-Temperature Service1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 1021/A 1021M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope* E 112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size

1.1 This specification covers martensitic chromium stainless E 292 Test Methods for Conducting Time-For-Rupture
steel forgings, forged bar, and forging stock for high tempera- Notch Tension Tests of Materials
ture service. The mechanical properties are developed by E 381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,
suitable heat treatment, as indicated for each alloy. Blooms, and Forgings
1.2 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units E 562 Test Method for Determining Volume Fraction by
and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract Systematic Manual Point Count
specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), 3. Ordering Information
the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either
inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as 3.1 In addition to the ordering information required by
standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. Specification A 788, the purchaser shall specify the grade
The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; designation, heat treatment condition, class and finish, and
therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. include a sketch or written description of the forging with the
Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon- inquiry and order.
formance with the standard. 4. General Requirements
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are
provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supple- 4.1 Materials supplied to this specification shall conform to
mentary requirements shall apply only when specified indi- the requirements of Specification A 788, including any supple-
vidually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract. mentary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the Failure to comply with the general requirements of Specifica-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the tion A 788 constitutes non-conformance with this specification.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- In case of conflict between the requirements of this specifica-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- tion and Specification A 788, this specification shall prevail.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 5. Manufacture
2. Referenced Documents 5.1 Melting Process—All melting processes of Specifica-
2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 tion A 788 are permitted unless the purchaser invokes Supple-
A 275 Test Method for Magnetic Particle Examination of mentary Requirement S1.
Steel Forgings 5.2 Forging Process—Either the closed impression die or
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing the open die, including ring rolling, forging processes may be
of Steel Products utilized unless the purchaser specifies a process.
A 788 Specification for Steel Forgings, General Require- 5.3 Heat Treatment—Quenched and tempered classes shall
ments be heat-treated in accordance with Table 1.
5.3.1 Number of Heat Treatments—Heat treatment as de-
fined in Table 1 shall consist of austenitizing, quenching, and
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, tempering. Retempering is permitted but purchaser approval is
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee required for more than one complete reheat treatment.
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2005. Published September 2005. Originally
5.4 Stress Relief—When heat treatment for mechanical
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as A 1021 – 02. properties is followed by straightening, a stress-relieving heat
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or treatment is required in accordance with Table 1.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM 5.4.1 Quenching after Stress Relief—Liquid quenching of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. stress-relieved forgings is prohibited.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

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 A 1021/A 1021M – 05
TABLE 1 Heat Treatment, °F [°C]
Grade A Grade B Grade C Grade D Grade E Grade F
Class 1 & 2 Class 1 Class 1 Class 2 Class 1 & 2 Class 1 Class 2
Austenitizing 1725-1775 1600-1750 1825-1875 1725-1875 1875-1925 2075-2125 1725-1775 2000–2050
[940-970] [870-955] [995-1025] [940-1025] [1025-1050] [1135-1165] [940-970] [1095–1120]
Quenching Air or liquid Air or liquid Air or liquid Air or liquid Air or liquid Air or liquid Air or liquid Rapid air or oil
Single Tempering 1050 min 1050 min 1050 min 1050 min 1150 min 1250 min 1100 min 1185 min
[565 min] [565 min] [565 min] [565 min] [620 min] [675 min] [595 min] [640] min
Double Tempering ... ... 1025 min 1025 min ... ... ... ...
[550 min] [550 min]
Stress Relieving 1025 min 1025 min 1000 min 1000 min 1100 min 1200 min 1050 min 1135 min
[550 min] [550 min] [540 min] [540 min] [595 min] [650 min] [565 min] [610] min

5.5 Finish—Forgings may be furnished in one of the fol- ness, do not apply to forging stock when it is to be tested after
lowing hot-finished conditions: forging and heat treatment.
5.5.1 Finish F—As forged without descaling. 7.2 Test Specimens—Forgings may be lot tested. Test speci-
5.5.2 Finish FD—Forged and descaled. mens may be obtained from production forgings or from
5.5.3 Finish RT—Rough turned or rough machined to separately forged test blanks prepared from the stock used to
specified dimensions. Billets or blooms ordered as forging make the finished part. Forgings that are lot tested shall be
stock shall be furnished with a ground, machined, or descaled produced from the same heat of steel and heat treated at the
surface unless otherwise specified in the ordering document. same time. Separately forged test blanks shall receive essen-
5.6 Camber—Camber shall not exceed 1⁄4 in. [5 mm] in 5 ft tially the same type of hot-working and forging reduction as
[150 cm]. the production forgings; however, a longitudinally forged bar
with dimensions not less than T by T by 3 T may be used to
6. Chemical Composition represent a ring forging. The dimension T shall be representa-
6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements for chemical tive of the heaviest effective cross section of the forging.
composition prescribed in Table 2. 7.3 Test Specimen Orientation—Mechanical property re-
quirements are for samples oriented in the direction of grain
7. Mechanical Properties flow. Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, manu-
7.1 Tension, Impact, Stress Rupture, and Hardness Tests— facturers may orient the samples in any direction provided the
All testing shall be performed after heat treatment and stress mechanical property requirements are met.
relief, as applicable. The material and test specimens shall meet 7.4 Test Specimen Location—When transverse or circum-
the requirements of Table 3 if fully heat-treated or Table 4 if ferential specimens are tested, they shall be taken from as close
annealed. Mechanical property requirements, including hard- as possible to a mid-radius or mid-wall location of the forging.

TABLE 2 Chemical RequirementsA

Composition %
Grade A Grade B Grade C Grade D Grade E Grade F
UNS Designation S41005 S41428 S42225
Type—Similar to 403/410 SS 403/410 SS XM-32 Mod 422 SS UNS S41041 UNS S42226
UNS S41000 MOD.
Carbon 0.15 0.10-0.15 0.10-0.17 0.20.-0.25 0.13-0.18 0.15–0.20
Manganese 1.00 0.25-0.80 0.65-1.05 0.50-1.00 0.40-0.60 0.50–0.80
Phosphorus 0.018 0.018 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.020
Sulfur 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.010 0.030 0.010
Silicon 1.00 0.50 0.35 0.50 0.50 0.20–0.60
Nickel 0.75 0.75 2.25-3.25 0.50-1.00 0.50 0.30–0.60
Chromium 11.5-13.5 11.5-13.0 11.25-12.75 11.0-12.5 11.5-13.0 10.0–11.5
Molybdenum 0.50 0.50 1.50-2.00 0.90-1.25 0.20 0.80–1.10
Vanadium ... Report only 0.25-0.40 0.20-0.30 ... 0.15–0.25
Tungsten ... 0.10 0.10 0.9-1.25 ... 0.25
Nitrogen ... 0.08 0.020-0.045 Report only ... 0.04–0.08
Aluminum ... 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.050 0.05
Columbium ... 0.20 ... ... 0.15-0.45 0.35–0.55
Cobalt ... ... ... 0.20 ... 0.25
Titanium ... 0.05 0.05 0.025 ... 0.05
Copper ... 0.50 0.50 0.50 ... ...
Tin ... 0.05 0.05 0.02 ... 0.04
Lead 0.005
A
Maximum or range unless otherwise specified.

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 A 1021/A 1021M – 05
TABLE 3 Mechanical Properties—Quenched & Tempered Classes
Grade A Grade B Grade C Grade D Grade E Grade F
Class 1 Class 2 Class 1 Class 1 Class 2 Class 1 Class 2 Class 1 Class 2 Class 1
Tensile strength, 100 [690] 110 [760] 110 [760] 145 [1000] 160 [1105] 140 [965] 140 [965] 115 [795] 110 [760] 140 [965]
KSI min [MPa]
Yield Strength min, 70 [485] 80 [550] 90 [620] 115 [795] 120 [825] 90 [620] 100 [690] 75 [515] 80 [550] 100 [690]
KSI [MPa], 0.2 % Offset
Elongation in 2 in., min % 20 18 18 15 16 13 13 15 18 15
Reduction of area, min, % 60 50 50 30 50 30 35 50 55 45
Impact Strength, min, avg., 30 [41] 25 [34] 30 [41] 30 [41] 40 [54] 8 [11] 13 [18] 20 [27] 25 [34] 8 [11]
CV, RT, ft-lb [J]
Impact Strength, 20 [27] 17 [23] 20 [27] 20 [27] 27 [36] 5 [7] 9 [12] 13 [18] 17 [23] 5 [7]
min of one specimen
per Test Methods A 370,
CV, RT, ft-lb [J]
Hardness, Brinell, max 255 269 269 352 375 331 331 277 262 321
Hardness, Rockwell C, max 26 28 28 38 40 36 36 29 27 34

TABLE 4 Mechanical Properties—Annealed Classes

Grade A Grade B Grade C Grade D Grade E Grade F
Class 3 Class 2 Class 3 Class 3 Class 3 Class 2
Hardness, Brinell, max 248 248 311 248 248 302
Hardness, Rockwell C, max 24 24 33 24 24 32

TABLE 5 Rupture Testing

When longitudinal specimens are tested, they shall be taken
from extensions. Extending the axial length of a larger section Grade F

of a forging for a sufficient distance over a smaller section is Temperature, °F [°C] 1200 [650]
also an acceptable location for transverse or circumferential Stress, ksi [MPa], min 33 [230]
specimens. Time to rupture, h, min 25

7.5 Number Of Tests—Where more than one location is

designated on a forging drawing, tension tests shall be made the smooth section of each test specimen. The test may be
from each location. discontinued after the time specified, provided notation in the
7.6 Hardness—The manufacturer shall perform Brinell or certification. Stress rupture testing is not required on bars less
Rockwell hardness testing after final heat treatment and after than 1⁄2 in. in diameter or thickness.
machining to the forging drawing requirements.
7.7 Stress rupture testing of Grade F shall be conducted in 8. Keywords
accordance with Table 5 using a combination test bar in 8.1 martensitic stainless steel; stainless steel billets; stain-
accordance with Test Methods E 292. Rupture must occur in less steel forgings

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

The following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by the purchaser in the
contract or order.

S1. Secondary Melting and Refining S4. Magnetic Particle Inspection

S1.1 ESR or VAR is required. Use of either is permitted S4.1 Each forging shall be magnetic particle inspected in
unless otherwise specified. accordance with Test Method A 275. The maximum acceptable
indication size shall be 1⁄8 in. [3 mm] unless otherwise specified
S2. Ingot Chemical Analysis by the purchaser.
S2.1 If consumable electrode remelting is used, then chemi-
cal analyses of each remelted ingot shall meet the chemical S5. Ultrasonic Inspection
composition requirements listed and shall be reported. S5.1 Ultrasonic inspection is required. The test method,
location, and acceptance criteria shall be as agreed upon by the
S3. Macrostructure purchaser and producer.
S3.1 Samples shall be taken from the top and bottom of the
first and last ingot of each heat. The structure of the starting S6. Microstructure
billets shall meet the criteria of Method E 381, S-3, R-2, C-3 # S6.1 The microstructure shall be tempered martensite with
36 in.2[0.84 m2] and S-3, R-3, C-3 > 36 in.2 [0.84 m2]. no more than 2 % delta ferrite.

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 A 1021/A 1021M – 05
S6.2 Metallographic inspection shall be performed at 1003 S10. Forging Temperature
magnification to determine the metallurgical structure, grain S10.1 The maximum part temperature during forging is
size, and delta ferrite content. Visual examination for the 2150°F [1175°C].
volume fraction of delta ferrite of various representative areas
of examination is acceptable. When the visual estimation S11. Decarburization
method indicates the delta ferrite content is greater than the S11.1 Surface decarburization of forgings shall not exceed
allowed limit, the manufacturer may employ Test Method 0.06 in. [1.5 mm].
E 562 for determining the acceptability of the lot.
S7. Stress Rupture Testing—Grade D S12. Forging Stock
S7.1 Stress rupture testing shall be conducted at 1200°F S12.1 Forging stock shall be supplied in the annealed
[650°C] and 26 000 psi [180 MPa] using a combination test bar condition meeting the requirements of Table 4.
in accordance with Test Methods E 292. Rupture must occur in
S13. Stress Relief
the smooth section of each test specimen. The test may be
discontinued after 25 h provided the certification so notes. S13.1 Material shall be stress relieved in accordance with
Stress rupture testing is not required on bars less than 1⁄2 in. in the requirements of Table 1.
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diameter or thickness.
S14. Microstructure-Grade F
S8. Grain Size—Grade D and F S14.1 The microstructure shall be tempered martensite with
S8.1 The average grain size shall be 4 or finer. The no more than 1% delta ferrite.
maximum size of individual grains, distributed at random, shall S14.2 Metallographic inspection shall be performed at 1003
be a 2. When the average grain size is 5 or finer, only the magnification to determine metallurgical structure, grain size,
average size need be reported. Grain size determination shall and delta ferrite content. Visual examination for the volume
be performed in accordance with Test Method E 112. fraction of delta ferrite of various representative areas of
examination is acceptable. When the visual estimation method
S9. Mechanical Properties indicates the delta ferrite content is greater than the allowed
S9.1 Test samples shall be taken from an integral part of limit, the manufacturer may employ Test Method E 562 for
each forging whose drawing weight is over 500 lb [225 kg]. determining the acceptability of the lot.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee A01 has identified the location of the following changes to this standard since A 1021/A 1021M-01
that may impact the use of this standard.

(1) Added references throughout to Grade F. (3) Converted the standard to dual unit format.
(2) Added Table 5.

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