Designation: A 288 – 91 (Reapproved 2008)

Standard Specification for

Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Magnetic Retaining
Rings for Turbine Generators1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 288; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope 4. Manufacture
1.1 This specification covers quenched and tempered carbon 4.1 The melting processes of Specification A 788/A 788M
and alloy steel forgings for magnetic retaining rings for turbine shall be applicable except that the basic electric furnace
generators. process shall be used if separate refining or remelting is not
1.2 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are employed.
provided. These shall apply only when specified by the 4.2 Vacuum Degassing—For Class 3 machined forgings
purchaser. over 21⁄2 in. (63.5 mm) wall thickness, and Classes 4 to 8, the
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded molten steel shall be vacuum treated immediately prior to or
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical during the operation of pouring the ingot in order to remove
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only objectionable gases, especially hydrogen.
and are not considered standard. 4.3 Discard—Sufficient discard shall be made from each
ingot to secure freedom from piping and undue segregation.
2. Referenced Documents 4.4 Heat Treatment:
2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 4.4.1 Heat Treatment for Mechanical Properties—Heat
A 275/A 275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination treatment for properties shall be by quenching and tempering.
of Steel Forgings 4.4.2 Tempering Temperature—The final tempering tem-
A 531/A 531M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of perature shall be not less than 1100°F (595°C).
Turbine-Generator Steel Retaining Rings 4.5 Machining:
A 788/A 788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General 4.5.1 Preliminary Machining—Forgings shall be machined
Requirements all over prior to quenching and tempering for mechanical
properties.
3. Ordering Information 4.5.2 Machine to Purchaser’s Requirements for
3.1 In addition to the ordering information required by Shipment—If required, forgings shall be machined to the
Specification A 788/A 788M, the purchaser shall include with dimensions shown on the purchaser’s drawing prior to ship-
the inquiry and order a detailed drawing, sketch, or written ment.
description of the forging, including the number and location
of mechanical test specimens. 5. Chemical Composition
5.1 The steel shall conform to the chemical composition
prescribed in Table 1.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, 5.2 Heat Analysis—The heat analysis obtained from sam-
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets. pling in accordance with Specification A 788/A 788M shall
Current edition approved March 1, 2008. Published April 2008. Originally comply with Table 1.
approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as A 288 – 91(2003).
2
5.3 Product Analysis—The purchaser may use the product
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
analysis provision of Table 1 of Specification A 788/A 788M to
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on obtain a product analysis from a forging representing each heat
the ASTM website. or multiple heat.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

1
 A 288 – 91 (2008)
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements 7.2 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict
Class 1, % Classes 2 Classes 4, 5, 6, 7, with the requirements of Specification A 788/A 788M, the
and 3, % and 8, % requirements of this specification shall prevail.
Carbon, max 0.50 max 0.45 max 0.45
Manganese 0.60–1.00 0.60–1.00 1.00 max 8. Sampling
Phosphorus, max 0.025 0.025 0.025
Sulfur, max 0.025 0.020 0.020
8.1 Test Location—Tension and notch toughness test speci-
Silicon 0.15–0.30 0.15–0.35 0.15–0.35 mens shall be taken tangentially from prolongations on one or
A
Nickel ... 1.65–3.50 both ends of the forging. The direction of the notch of the
Chromium ... 0.70–1.25 0.70–1.25
Molybdenum ... 0.15 min 0.20 min
Charpy bars shall be radial. All test specimens shall be located
Vanadium ... optional 0.07–0.12 at midwall and at a distance at least equal to one-half the wall
A
For Class 3 rings with wall thickness over 21⁄2 in. (63.5 mm) drawing size, the thickness from the end face of the prolongation.
nickel content shall be 0.85–2.0 %. 8.2 Removal—All tension and notch toughness test speci-
mens shall be removed after final heat treatment.

6. Mechanical Properties 9. Number of Tests and Retests

6.1 Tensile Requirements—The material shall conform to 9.1 Number of Tests—The number of tension and notch
the requirements for tensile properties prescribed in Table 2. toughness test specimens shall be as prescribed by the pur-
6.2 Notch Toughness Requirements—The material shall chaser, but in no case shall there be less than one tension and
conform to the requirements for notch toughness as prescribed one notch toughness test specimen for each ring.
in Table 2. 9.2 If any test specimen fails to meet the requirements
specified, two adjacent test specimens may be selected for
7. General Requirements retest without reheat-treatment if the failure was not caused by
ruptures, cracks, or flakes in the steel. Both of these must meet
7.1 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to the requirements of this specification.
the requirements of Specification A 788/A 788M which out- 9.3 If the results of the mechanical tests of any forging do
lines additional ordering information, manufacturing, require- not conform to the requirements specified, the manufacturer
ments, testing and retesting methods, and procedures, marking, may reaustenitize the forging, but not more than once without
certification, product analysis variations, and additional supple- approval of the purchaser. Forgings may be retempered without
mentary requirements. obtaining approval of the purchaser.
10. Test Methods
TABLE 2 Tensile and Notch Toughness Requirements
10.1 Nondestructive Tests:
Class Tensile Yield Strength Elonga- Reduc- Charpy 10.1.1 General Requirements—The ring shall be free from
Strength (0.02 %, offset), tion in 2 tion of V-notch
min, psi min, psi (MPa) in. or 50 Area, Impact cracks, seams, laps, shrinkage, and other injurious imperfec-
(MPa) mm, min, Strength, tions.
min, % % Room 10.1.2 Magnetic Particle Test—Magnetic particle tests of
Tempera-
ture min, all surfaces shall be made at the manufacturer’s plant. The
ft-lbf (J) procedure for tests shall be in accordance with Practice
1 70 000 (485) 45 000 (310) 18 40 15 (20) A 275/A 275M. The standards of acceptance shall be by
2 90 000 (620) 65 000 (450) 20 50 25 (34) agreement between purchasers and manufacturers.
3 110 000 (760) 80 000 (550) 18 50 20 (27)
4 120 000 (825) 95 000 (655) 18 45 35 (47) 10.1.3 Ultrasonic Inspection—An ultrasonic inspection
5 130 000 (895) 110 000 (760) 16 40 30 (41) shall be made at the manufacturer’s plant on the machined ring
6 140 000 (965) 125 000 (860) 14 40 30 (41) in accordance with Practice A 531/A 531M. The standards of
7 150 000 (1035) 135 000 (930) 13 35 25 (34)
8 165 000 (1140) 150 000 (1035) 12 35 25 (34) acceptance shall be by agreement between purchaser and
manufacturer.

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