GG Highway
GG Highway
GG Highway
Objective Questions
(01 to 15)
Highway
Engineering
Q.1) Nagpur road plan formulae were prepared by
assuming
1. Map Study - The study of the topographical map is done to find out the possible
routes of the road.
2.Reconnaissance - Simple Survey Instruments are used in the reconnaissance
procedure
3.Preliminary Survey -
To estimate the quantity of earthwork.
To finalize the best alignment.
4. Final Location and Detailed Survey
The data during the detailed survey should be elaborated and completed for the
preparation of the plans, designing, and estimation of the project.
Q. 4) The shape of the camber, best suited for the
cement concrete pavement is
a. Straight line
b. Parabolic
c. Elliptical
d. Combination of straight and parabolic
Answer: A
Camber - slope in transverse direction to
drain of water from the road surface.
X% - X vertical and 100 horizontal
1 in n – 1 vertical and n horizontal
b. Parabolic camber –
Designed for fast moving highways.
Adopted for Bituminous pavement.
c. Composite camber –
Design for mixed traffic.
Q. 5) For water bound macadam road in localities of
heavy rainfall, the recommended value of camber is
a. 1 in 30
b. 1 in 33
c. 1 in 48
d. 1 in 60
Answer: B
Q. 6) The stopping sight distance depends upon
= ( 0.278Vt) + V² / 254(f±n)
1. Total reaction time of the driver ↑
2. Speed of the vehicle ↑
3. Friction between the Tyre and the pavement surface ↓
4. Brake efficiency ↓
5. Gradient of the road → Up/ascending ↓ and down/descending ↑
Q. 7) When the path travelled along the road surface
is more than the Circumferential movement of the
wheels due to rotation, then it result is
a. Slipping
b. Skidding
c. Turning
d. revolving
Answer: B → Skidding
Q. 8) Coefficient of friction is less when the
pavement surface is
a. Rough
b. Dry
c. Smooth and dry
d. Smooth and wet
Answer: D → Smooth and wet
Q. 9) The shoulder provided along the road edge
should be
a. Effective drainage
b. Counteracting the centrifugal force
c. Having proper sight distance
d. None of the above
Answer: A
a. Effective drainage – Camber
a. Less
b. More
c. Same
d. Dependent on speed
Answer: B
Descending gradient > Level > Ascending
Q. 12) On a single lane road with two way traffic, the
minimum stopping sight distance is equal to
IRC recommendation
Highway Engineering
Q. 16) If the stopping distance is 60 metres, then the
minimum stopping sight distance for two Lane, two
way traffic is
a. 30m
b. 60m
c. 120m
d. 180m
Answer: B
For two lane two way traffic
= SSD
a. 60 kmph
b. 80 kmph
c. 100 kmph
d. 120 kmph
Answer:C
Q. 19) The terrain may be classified as rolling terrain
if the cross slope of land is
a. Upto 10%
b. Between 10% and 25%
c. Between 25% and 60%
d. More than 60%
Answer : B
Q. 20) If b is the wheel track of a vehicle and h is the
height of centre of gravity above road surface, then
the avoid overturning and Lateral skidding on
horizontal curve, the centrifugal ratio should always
be
a. 1 in 15
b. 1 in 12.5
c. 1 in 10
d. Equal to camber
Answer: A
a. 15%
b. 20%
c. 25%
d. 75%
Answer :C
Design of super elevation, e + f = V²/127R
Step1. Calculate super elevation for 75% of design speed, neglecting the effect of friction
e = (0.75V) ²/127R
If e < emax. emax. ( 7% for plain and rolling 10% for hilly terrain ), then provide e, other wise
Step2. Calculate coefficient of friction assuming maximum value of super elevation
0.70 + f = V²/127R
a. V² / 27.5R
b. V² / 75R
c. (0.75V) ² / 127R
d. V² / 127R
Answer: D
a. 8 kmph
b. 12 kmph
c. 16 kmph
d. 20 kmph
Answer: C
Q. 27) The absolute minimum radius of curve for
safe operation for a speed of 110 kmph is
a. 110 m
b. 220 m
c. 440 m
d. 577 m
Answer: C
Design speed(kmph) 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
Rmin in m 40 70 100 150 200 260 320 400 440
Q. 28) The attainment of superelevation by rotation
of pavement about the inner edge of the pavement
When a vehicle takes a turn on horizontal curve, the rear wheels do not follow the same path
as that of the front wheels.
The vehicle has occupies more width that it occupies on straight portion of the road.
To compensate this, the carriageway width increased on the entire curved portion of the road,
which is called extra widening of pavement on curve.
= nl²/2R + V/9.5√R
Where 'n' is the number of the traffic lane, l is the length of the wheelbase of the longer
vehicle in m (generally taken as 6 m), V is the design speed of the vehicle in Kmph and R is the
radius of the horizontal curve in m.
Q. 30) In case of Hill roads, the extra widening is
generally provided
(31 to 45)
Highway Engineering
Q. 31) The mechanical extra widening required for
10.5m wide pavement on a horizontal curve of a
radius R metre is given by
a. L²/2R
b. 2L²/3R
c. L²/R
d. 3L²/2R
Answer: D
Width of road or carriage way (1) Single lane = 3.75m
(2) Two lane = 7m
(3) Multi lane = number of lane × 3.5m
When a vehicle takes a turn on horizontal curve, the rear wheels do not follow the same path
as that of the front wheels, is known as mechanical widening or off tracking. The vehicle has
occupies more width that it occupies on straight portion of the road.
Extra widening = Mechanical widening(Wm) + Psychological widening(Wps)
= nl²/2R + V/9.5√R
Where 'n' is the number of the traffic lane, l is the length of the wheelbase of the longer vehicle in m
(generally taken as 6 m), V is the design speed of the vehicle in Kmph and R is the radius of the horizontal
curve in m.
Given, Width of pavement = 10.5m means three lane road, the value of n = 3
a. Spiral
b. Lemniscate
c. Cubic parabola
d. Any of the above
Answer: A
A transition curve may be defined as a
curve of varying radius of infinity to R
Objective:
1. To gradually introduce the centrifugal force between the tangent point and the
beginning of the circular curve thereby avoiding sudden jerk on the vehicle.
2. To increase the comfort of passengers.
3. To introduce designed superelevation at a desirable rate
4. To enable the driver to turn the steering gradually for his own comfort and
security
5. To introduce designed extra widening at a desirable rate
6. To enhance the aesthetic appearance of the road
IRC recommends spiral as the transition curve because, it fulfills the requirement of
an ideal transition curve
Q. 33) For design, that length of transition curve
should be taken which is
3. By Empirical formula
IRC suggest the length of the transition curve is minimum,
For plain and rolling terrain, Ls = 2.7V²/ R
For steep and hilly terrain, Ls = V²/R
Where, V is the design speed in kmph and R is the radius of the curve in meters.
Q. 34) The maximum design gradient for vertical
profile of a road is
a. Ruling gradient
b. Limiting gradient
c. Exceptional gradient
d. Minimum gradient
Answer: A
Gradient - It is the rate of rise or fall of road level along the length.
Raise wrt horizontal distance is called Upward gradient or ascending gradient (+n %)
Fall wrt Horizontal distance is called Downward Gradient descending gradient (-n %)
Types of gradients
1. Ruling gradient - This is the maximum gradient which is generally used to design the vertical profile of highway. So it is also
called as design gradient.
2. Maximum or Limiting gradient - This gradient is provided as shorter stretches in highways. Whenever ruling gradients
costs high for the hilly terrains then limiting gradient is provided which will reduce the cost.
3.Exceptional gradient - These are very steeper gradients given at unavoidable situations and they are adopted for stretches
not exceeding 100m of length.
4.Minimum gradient - To drain of rain water from the road minimum gradient is needed. Generally for lateral drainage
Camber is provided. But for the longitudinal drainage along the side drains require some slope for smooth flow of water
Q. 35) The percentage compensation in gradient for
ruling gradient of 4% and horizontal curve of radius
760 m is
a. 0.1%
b. 1%
c. 10%
d. No compensation
Answer: D
Grade Compensation
When a horizontal circular curve lies in vertical curve there will be an increased
resistance offered by the circular curve in the form of curve resistance in addition to
the component of gravity.
a. 3%
b. 4%
c. 5%
d. 6%
Answer: B
= 106/76 = 1.39%
= 75/76 = 0.99%
Minimum of 1 and 2 that is 0.99%
a. Longitudinal gradient
b. Two times the longitudinal gradient
c. Three times the longitudinal gradient
d. Half of longitudinal gradient
Answer: D
Gradient = 2 × Camber
Q. 38) Which of the following shapes is preferred in
valley curve
a. Simple parabola
b. Cubic parabola
c. Spiral
d. Lemniscate
Answer: B → Cubic parabola
Q. 39) The value of ruling gradient in plains as per
IRC recommendation is
a. 1 in 12
b. 1in 15
c. 1 in 20
d. 1 in 30
Answer: D
Q. 40) In case of summit curves, the deviation angle
will be maximum when
a. An ascending gradient meets with another ascending gradient
a. 0.38NV^3/2
c. 3.8 NV^1/2
a. Zero
b. 64m
c. 80m
d.60m
L >SSS → L = NS²/4.4
a. Average speed
b. Spot speed
c. Space mean speed
d. Time mean speed
Answer: B
a. 15th percentile
b. 50th percentile
c. 85th percentile
d. 98 percentile
th
Answer: D
(46 to 60)
Highway Engineering
Q. 46) Select the correct statement
a. 1.85m
b. 2.44m
c. 3.81m
d. 4.72m
Answer: B
Width = 2.44m
Height = 4.75m
Length = 18.0m
Weight = 52.2 tones
Q. 49) Desire lines are plotted in
b. Speed studies are useful for establishing speed zones, traffic signals, regulatory signs, non-
passing zones, warning zones etc.
a. Spot maps
b. Pie charts
c. Condition diagram
d. Collision diagram
Answer: D
Accident record may be maintained by means of location files, spot maps, collision
diagram and condition diagram.
- Spot maps show, accidents by spots, pin or symbol on the road map of the locality
Collision diagram - Details of accident location and show approximate path of the
vehicles and pedestrian involved in the accident and also other objects with which
the vehicle have Collided.
a. Increases
b. Decreases
c. First decreases and then increases after reaching a
minimum value at optimum speed
d. First increase and then decrease after reaching a
maximum value at optimum speed
Answer: A
Q. 54) Traffic volume is equal to
a. Basic capacity
b. Theoretical capacity
c. Possible capacity
d. Practical capacity
Answer: D
Traffic capacity is expressed as the maximum number of vehicle in a lane or a road that can pass a
given point in unit time, usually an hour, i.e., vehicles per hour per lane or roadway.
Basic capacity is the maximum number of vehicles(PCU) that can pass a given point on a lane or
roadway during one hour under the most nearly ideal roadway and traffic conditions.
Possible Capacity is the maximum number of vehicles which can pass a given point on a lane or
highway during one hour under the prevailing roadway and traffic conditions.
This means that the possible capacity of a highway will always be lower than the basic capacity
unless the prevailing conditions of the traffic, approach the ideal conditions.
Practical Capacity is the maximum number of vehicle that can pass a given point on a lane or
roadway during one hour, without traffic density
Q. 56) If the average Centre to Centre spacing of vehicles is
20 metres, then the basic capacity of a traffic Lane at a
speed of 50kmph is
a. Increases
b. Decreases
c. First increases and then decreases after reaching a
maximum value at optimum speed
d. First decrease and then increase after reaching
minimum value at optimum speed
Answer: C
Q. 58) Equivalent factor of Passenger car unit (PCU) for a
Passenger car as per IRC is
a. 1.0
b. 2.0
c. 0.5
d. 10
Answer: A
Q. 59) If the stopping distance and average length of a
vehicle are 18m and 6m respectively, then the theoretical
maximum capacity of a traffic Lane at a speed of 10 m/sec
is
Highway Engineering
Q. 61) The diagram which shows all important physical
conditions of an accident location like roadway limits,
bridges, trees and all details of roadway conditions is
known as
A. Pie chart
B. Spot maps
C. Condition diagram
D. Collision diagram
Answer C
A. Pie chart showing segregation of fast moving traffic.
B. Spot maps show, accidents by spots, pin or symbol on the road map of the
locality
D. Collision diagram - Details of accident location and show approximate path of the
vehicles and pedestrian involved in the accident and also other objects with which
the vehicle have Collided.
Q. 62) When the speed of traffic flow becomes zero, then
A. Traffic density attains maximum value whereas traffic volume
becomes zero
B. Traffic density and traffic volume both attain maximum value
C. Traffic density and traffic volume both become zero
D. Traffic density becomes zero whereas traffic volume attains
maximum value
Answer A
Q. 63) On a right angled road intersection with two way
traffic, the total number of conflicts points is
A. 6
B. 11
C. 18
D. 24
Answer D
Conflict point - Point at which a highway user crossing, merging with, or diverging from a road or
driveway conflicts with another highway user using the same road or driveway.
Q. 64) The background colour of the informatory sign
board is
A. Red
B. Yellow
C. Green
D. White
Answer B
Traffic control device is the medium used for communicating between traffic engineer and road users.The
major types of traffic control devices used are- traffic signs, road markings , traffic signals and parking
control.
Warning signs
Warning signs or cautionary signs give information to the driver about the road condition.
White background and shape is upward triangular or diamond shape with red bordsigns
Informatory signs
Informative signs also called guide signs, are provided to assist the drivers to reach their desired
destinations.
examples are route markers, destination signs, mile posts, service information, recreational and cultural
interest area signing etc.
They are written black letters on yellow background.
Q. 65) Which of the following is indicated by a warning
sign
A. Level crossing
B. No parking
C. End of speed limit
D. Overtaking prohibited
Answer A
Q. 66) “Dead Slow” is a
A. Regulatory sign
B. Warning sign
C. Informatory sign
D. None of the above
Answer A
Q. 67) The most efficient traffic signal system is
A. Simultaneous system
B. Alternate system
C. Flexible progressive system
D. Simple progressive system
Answer C
Flexible system –
It is possible to automatically vary the length of signal cycle at
intersection with the help of sensors to detect vehicle arrival and
connecting to the master computer.
This is the most efficient system.
Q. 68) The provision of traffic signals at intersections
G+Y=R
Q. 70) Center Line markings are used
1. Centre line – used to separate two way traffic. 5 m long and 8 m space
2. Lane line – indicate traffic lanes and used to guide the traffic
4. Stop line – Made near the pedestrians crossings, signalized intersections etc. to
indicate that vehicles have to stop before this line and then proceed.
A. Stop lines
B. Trun markings
C. Crosswalk lines
D. Lane lines
Answer C
Answer C
Q. 73) The entrance and exit curves of a Rotary have
1. Radius of curve at entrance = 30.5m for 40kmph speed and 18.3 m for 32 kmph
at exit = 47 m for 40kmph speed and 30.5m for 32 kmph
2. The width of the carriageway at entry and exit will be lower than the width of the
carriageway at the approaches to enable reduction of speed.
IRC suggests that a two lane road of 7 m width should be kept as 7 m for urban
roads and 6.5 m for rural roads.
Further, a three lane road of 10.5 m is to be reduced to 7 m and 7.5 m respectively
for urban and rural roads.
Q. 74) When two equally important roads cross roughly at
right angles, the suitable shape of Central Island is
A. Circular
B. Elliptical
C. Tangent
D. Turbine
Answer A
Shape of Central island
Highway Engineering
Q. 76) A traffic rotary is justified where
A. Circular
B. Tangent
C. Elliptical
D. Turbine
Answer B
Shape of Central island
A. Parallel parking
B. 30° angle parking
C. 45° angle parking
D. 90° angle parking
Answer D
Q. 79) When the width of kerb parking space and width of
Street are Limited, generally preferred parking system is
A. Parallel parking
B. 45° angel parking
C. 65° angel parking
D. 90° angel parking
Answer A
Q. 80) As per IRC recommendations, the average level of
illumination on important roads carrying fast traffic is
A. 10 lux
B. 15 lux
C. 20 lux
D. 30 lux
Answer D
Q. 81) The most economical lightning layout with the
suitable for narrow roads is
2. Staggered system -
Wider roads with three or more lanes.
Spacing of poles 30m to 60m
3. Central system -
For three or more lanes with narrow Central
strip and heavy traffic conditions
4. Opposite system -
For Wider roads depending upon situation.
Q. 82) The direct interchange ramp involves
A. Abrasion test
B. Impact test
C. Attrition test
D. Crushing strength test
Answer A
Attrition – This is action of mutual rubbing of stones or aggregate. Tested
by Abrasion test.
Q. 86) If in a Dorry abrasion test the loss in weight is 21
grams, then the coefficient of hardness is
A. 9.5
B. 13
C . 17
D. 21
Answer B
= 20 – (21/3)
= 20 – 7
= 13
Q. 87) In CBR test the value of CBR is calculated at
A. Exceptionally strong
B. Strong
C. Satisfactory for road surfacing
D. Unsuitable for road surfacing
Answer C
Procedure
1. Aggregate specimen 10 to 12.5 mm filled in three layers and tamped each layer
by 25 blows (W1)
2. Sample transfer in impact test apparatus and compacted by tamping road 25
times
3. Hammer drop freely from 38 cm and give 15blows
4. Finer than 2.36 mm IS (W2)
Impact value = (W2/W1) × 100
A. 10%
B. 20%
C. 30%
D. 45%
Answer C
Abrasion value
1. CC construction < 16%
2. Bituminous (a) Surface course up to 30%
(b) Base course up to 50%
Q.90) Percentage of free carbon in Bitumen is
Objective Questions
(91 to 105)
Highway Engineering
Q. 91) The ductility value of bitumen for suitability in road
construction should not be less than
A. 30 cm
B. 40 cm
C. 50 cm
D. 60 cm
Answer C
A. 0.4%
B. 0.6%
C. 0.8%
D. 1.0%
Answer B
A. 30/40
B. 60/70
C. 80/100
D. 100/120
Answer A
Penetration test: -
It measures the hardness or softness of bitumen by measuring
the depth in tenths of a millimeter to which a standard loaded needle will
penetrate vertically in 5 seconds.
A. Grade
B. Viscosity
C. Ductility
D. Temperature susceptibility
Answer A
Q. 95) Bitumen of grade 80/100 means
A. Same viscosity
B. Viscosity in increasing order from RC-2 to SC-2
C. Viscosity in decreasing order from RC-2 to SC-2
D. None of the above
Answer A
A. RT-1
B. RT-2
C. RT-3
D. RT-4
Answer D
Grouting - injection of pumpable materials into a soil or rock formation to change
its physical characteristics
Grade of Tar
RT-1 used for surface painting in exceptionally cold weather.
RT-2 standard surface painting under normal conditions.
RT-3 can be used for surface painting, renewal coats for light carpets and premix
chips for top surface.
RT-4 used for premixing macadam in base courses.
RT-5 used for grouting purposes.
Q. 98) Softening point of bitumen to be used for road
construction at a place where maximum temperature is
40°C should be
A. Gasoline
B. Kerosene oil
C. Light diesel
D. Heavy diesel
Answer A
A. 0
B. 3
C. 5
D. 7
Answer A
GI = 0
Greater the value of group index poor will be the quality of soil.
0–2 Good
2–5 Fair
5 – 10 Poor
10 – 20 Very poor
Q. 102) Bottom most layer of pavement is known as
A. Wearing course
B. Base course
C. Sub-base course
D. Subgrade
Answer D
Flexible pavement
1. Sub grade
2. Sub base course
3. Base course
4. Surface course
Rigid pavement
1. Sub Grade
2. Base course
3. Surface course
Q. 103) Flexible pavement distribute the wheel load
A. Directly to subgrade
B. Through structural action
C. Through a set of layers to the subgrade
D. None of the above
Answer C
Flexible pavements will transmit wheel load stresses to the
lower layers by grain-to-grain.
A. 1,000
B. 10000
C. 100000
D. 1000000
Answer D
Q. 105) Group index mthod of design of flexible pavement
is
A. A theoretical method
B. An empirical method based on physical properties of
subgrade soil
C. An empirical method based on strength characteristics
of subgrade soil
D. A Semi empirical method
Answer B
To design the thickness of the pavement you have to go through the following steps:
2. Use the design charts to find out the thickness of the pavement and layers.
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Objective Questions
(106 to 120)
Highway Engineering
Q. 106) Select the correct statement
Greater the value of group index poor will be the quality of soil.
GI is between 0 to 20.
Good (0 – 2)
Fair (2 – 5)
Poor (5 – 10)
Very poor (10 – 20)
Q. 107) If the group index value of subgrade is between 5
and 9, then the subgrade is treated is
A. Good
B. Fair
C. Poor
D. Very poor
Answer C
Q. 108) Tyre pressure influences the
A. Equal to 1
B. Less than 1
C. Greater than 1
D. Zero
Answer B
A. Interiors loading
B. Edge loading
C. Corner loading
D. Interior, edge and corner loading
Answer D
Answer C
Radius of wheel load 30 > 1.724 × 15
Because the radius of wheel load distribution is more than 1.724
times slab thickness, hence radius of resisting section is equal to
the radius of wheel load distribution.
Q. 115) The critical combination of stresses for corner
region in cement concrete roads is
A. Expansion joints
B. Contraction joints
C. Warping joints
D. Longitudinal joints
Answer D
1. Transverse joints
(a) Construction joints(b) Expansion joints(c) Contraction joints
(d) Warping joints
2. Longitudinal joints or tie bars
Tie bars- tie bars are not load transfer devices, but serve as a
means to tie two slabs
They are smaller than dowel bars and placed at large intervals.
They are provided across longitudinal joints.
Dowel bars - The purpose of the dowel bar is to effectively
transfer the load between two concrete slabs and to keep the
two slabs in same height
The dowel bars are used in Contraction and Expansion joints.
The design consideration are: -
1. Mild steel rounded bars,
2. bonded on one side and free on other side
Q. 117) The maximum spacing of contraction joints in rigid
pavement is
A. 2.5 m
B. 3.5 m
C. 4.5 m
D. 5.5 m
Answer C
Contraction joints
The purpose of the contraction joint is to allow
the contraction of the slab due to fall in slab temperature below
the construction temperature.
A. 0
B. 25 mm
C. 50 mm
D. 100 mm
Answer B
Expansion joints
The purpose of the expansion joint is to allow the
expansion of the pavement due to rise in temperature with
respect to construction temperature.
Provided at interval of 18 m to 21 m
Q. 119) The function of an expansion joint in rigid
pavements is to
A. 1000(1.08)¹³
B. 1000(1.08)²³
C. 1000(0.92)¹³
D. 1000(1.08)³
Answer D
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Objective Questions
(121 to 135)
Highway Engineering
Q. 121) The fundamental factor is the selection of
pavement type is
A. Climatic condition
B. Type and intensity of traffic
C. Subgrade soil and Drainage conditions
D. Availability of funds for the construction construction
project
Answer B
Selection of type of pavement:- the most important factors is the
traffic volume or intensity.
-If traffic intensity is 30 to 200 tonnes per day then low cost road,
i.e. Earth and soil stabilized road used.
A. Granular soil
B. Organic soil
C. Silts
D. Clays
Answer A
Raising the grade of a roadway (or railway) above the level of the existing
surrounding ground surface is known as embankment.
For highway embankments, generally granular soil are preferred, clay and
silt is less desirable while organic soils are unsuitable.
Granular soil means gravel, sand, or silt (coarse grained soil) with little or
no clay content.
A. 8 cubic metre
B. 10 cubic metre
C. 12 cubic metre
D. 15 cubic metre
Answer C
= (1000 × 1) × (1/1000)
= 10 m³
= 12 m³
126) The camber of shoulders in water bound macadam
roads is
A. Cement
B. Lime
C. Bitumen
D. None of the above
Answer C
Q. 128) In highway construction, rolling starts from
1. Preparation of subgrade
The site is cleared and weak spot corrected and rolled.
2. Pavement construction
Coarse aggregate is Spread on the prepared surface of subgrade
3. Dry rolling
After spreading the coarse aggregate, the rolling is done.
4. Application of screenings
Screening is generally used to fill about 50% of total voids and rest 50%
voids are filled with filler materials.
5. Wet rolling
After the spreading the screenings, the surface of the layer is sprinkled
with water and rolled again.
6. Application of filler
After the application of the filler, water is sprinkled on the surface and
slurry is allowed to fill the voids.
7. Surface finishing
Q. 130) The penetration macadam construction, the
bitumen is
A. Seal coat
B. Tack coat
C. Prime coat
D. Spray of emulsion
Answer B
1. Prime coat: - It is recommended when the first coat of
bituminous surfacing is done on an existing previous texture base
such as WBM Road.
2. Tack coat: - It is usually recommended when the bituminous
surfacing is done over an existing cement concrete top or already
existing black top surface road.
3. Seal coat: - it is usually recommended as a final coat over
certain pervious bitumen the pavements.
Main function of seal coat
1. To develop the skid resistance.
2. To make the surface water proof.
3. To increase the life of the surface.
Q. 132) Which of the following premix methods is used for
base course
A. Bituminous carpet
B. Mastic asphalt
C. Sheet asphalt
D. Bituminous bound macadam
Answer D
Premix method:- The aggregate and binder is mixed prior to
placing and spreading over the desired surface.
1. Bitumen bound macadam: -
Binder and aggregate are mixed prior to placement.
In hilly region, the WBM have been found more resistant to frost
action than normal base courses.
In regions of high water table, the WBM offers an impervious cut
off.
2. Bituminous carpet: -
It is construction is usually recommended for surface course layer
only.
Premix prepared from 10 to 12 mm size chhipings with sand and
bitumen.
Q. 133) Select the correct statement
A. Sheet asphalt
B. Bituminous carpet
C. Mastic asphalt
D. Rolled asphalt
Answer C
Mastic asphalt on bridges as protection, decking (deck is the
surface of a bridge) and finishing layers.
A. Mastic asphalt
B. Sheet asphalt
C. Bituminous carpet
D. Bituminous concrete
Answer D
Bituminous concrete: -
Coarse and fine aggregates are used along with bitumen to give
dense mass.
Objective Questions
(136 to 150)
Highway Engineering
Q. 136) The thickness of bituminous carpet varies from
A. 20 to 25 mm
B. 50 to 75 mm
C. 75 to 100 mm
D. 100 to 120 mm
Answer A
4. Sheet asphalt
A premix of bitumen and sand
5. Mastic asphalt
Mastic asphalt is a mixture of a bitumen binder, stone filler and
mineral powder heated and mixed in the hot state.
Q. 137) Which of the following represents a carpet of
sand-bitumen mix without coarse aggregate
A. Mastic asphalt
B. Sheet asphalt
C. Bituminous carpet
D. Bituminous concrete
Answer B
Q. 138) In highway construction on superelevated curves,
the Rolling shall proceed from
A. 10 m
B. 15 m
C. 18 m to 21 m
D. 25 m to 30 m
Answer C
Expansion joints: -
These joints are provided to allow the expansion
of concrete slab due to temperature rise.
Provided at interval of 18 m to 21 m
Approximate gap width of joints is provided between 2 to 2.5 cm
Contraction joints: -
The purpose of the contraction joint is to
allow the contraction of the slab due to fall in slab temperature
below the construction temperature.
Maximum spacing of 4.5 m as per IRC
Q. 140) Select the incorrect statement
1. Transverse joints
(a) Construction joints (b) Expansion joints (c) Contraction joints (d) Warping joints
2. Longitudinal joints or Tie bars
A. 0 to 10%
B. 10 to 25%
C. 25 to 60%
D. None of the above
Answer C
Types of terrain Cross slope in%
A. Maximum
B. Minimum
C. Very near to average resisting length of all the alignments
D. Zero
Answer B
Since, in hill roads, ineffective rises and falls are unavoidable, the
particular alignment for which the resisting length is the
minimum is the most desirable one.
A. 2%
B. 2.5%
C. 3%
D. 4%
Answer B
Camber is the slope, provided in the transverse direction of the
road to drain off the rain water from the road surface
Q. 145) The superelevation to be provided in horizontal
curves of radius R in hill roads is given by
A. V²/127R
B. V²/17.5R
C. V²/225R
D. (V+8)²/127R
Answer C
e = V² / 225R
Where,
e = super elevation
V = design speed in kmph
R = radius of curve in metre
Q. 146) The minimum design speed for hair pin bends in
hill road is taken as
A. 20 kmph
B. 30 kmph
C. 40 kmph
D. 50 kmph
Answer A
For design of hair pin bend following criteria may be adopted
A. Sloping drain
B. Catchwater drain
C. Side drain
D. Cross drain
Answer B
Hill roads, drains on both sides of the road can only be provided if the road runs
wholly through cutting.
In the case of side cutting, drains are provided only on one side, usually on the
Hill side.
Catch drain: -
When the road runs in steep side Hill, the water from the upper slopes comes to
the road surface and causes major damage of the road.
Divert the water from the hill slope, catch water drains are provided on the same
side as the side drains, running parallel to the road.
The water from this catch water drain is diverted to the nearest cross drainage
work such as culvert or to a natural stream.
A. Drain on both side B. Drain on hill side
Q. 148) The walls which are necessary on the hill side of
roadway where earth has to be retained from slipping is
known as
A. Retaining wall
B. Breast wall
C. Parapet wall
D. None of the above
Answer B
Breast wall
A breast is wall constructed to prevent the soil on a natural slope
of embankment from sliding down the slope due to effects of
weather, erosion etc.
Retaining wall
A retaining wall is used when artificial excavation is done
Q. 149) In hill roads the side drains are provided
Objective Questions
(151 to 160)
Highway Engineering
Q. 151) For sandy soils the most common method of
stabilization is
2. Mechanical Stabilization: -
Is the process of improving the soil
by changing its gradation. Two or more types of natural soils are
mixed to obtain a composite material which is superior to any of
its components. It is also known as granular stabilization.
3. Lime Stabilization:-
Is done by adding lime to a soil. It is useful
for stabilization of clayey soils.
4. Bitumen Stabilization: -
Is generally done with asphalt as binder.
Emulsion are also used but in this form they require a longer
drying period.
A. Grouted macadam
B. Premix carpet
C. Bituminous or asphalt concrete
D. Bituminous macadam
Answer C
1. Grouted or penetration macadam: -
The strength is developed due to
mechanical interlocking and bond due to soil binder. The stresses induced
due to heavy mixed traffic order to increase the stability of such roads,
bitumen is used as a binder.
The bitumen is spread over the compacted aggregate surface. The
bitumen penetrates into voids from the surface, filling up a part of voids
and binding the aggregate together.
2. Premix Carpet: -
is usually recommended for surface courses layer only.
Bituminous carpet or premix carpet is a premix prepared from 10 to 12
mm size chipping with sand and bitumen binder.
3. Bituminous or asphalt concrete: -
Best and can be used for
heavier and mixed traffic. In this method coarse and fine
aggregates are used along with bitumen to give dense mass.
The premix is carefully designed and the aggregates and bitumen
heated separately upto specified temperature and mixed
together till all particles are coated with bitumen.
4. Bitumen Macadam: -
The binder and aggregates are mixed prior
to placement and the finished thickness is kept from 5 to 7.5 cm.
Answer D
Q. 154) Which one of the following is associated with
“Limiting Gradient” on highways?
3. Minimum gradient: - Provided on flat or level road to drain off rain water.
A. 1 in 15
B. 1 in 17
C. 1 in 25
D. 1 in 27
Answer C
Q. 156) While designing the superelevation of a highway,
its maximum value is fixed considering the need to
A. Avoid toppling of slow moving vehicles in mixed traffic flow
B. Avoid tranverse skidding
C. Provide drainage
D. Counteract centrifugal force due to 75% of design speed
Answer A
Design of superelevation
Superelevation is designed for the particular vehicle called design
vehicle which has some standard weight and dimensions. But in
the actual case, the road has mixed traffic conditions. Different
vehicles require different values of superelevation.
Example
1. Heavily loaded trucks require the small value of superelevation
otherwise toppling may occur.
2. Fast moving vehicles may be provided with high superelevation
while slow moving ones require small superelevation.
Q. 157) In a Group Index method of flexible pavement
design, which one of the following factors decides the
thickness of base and surface course?
5. Longitudinal cracking: -
Due to differential volume changes or
other reasons such as frost action, settlement
of embankment etc
Objective Questions
(161 to 175)
Highway
Engineering
Q. 161) The radius of horizontal curve is 100 metres. The
design speed is 50 kmph and design coefficient of lateral
friction is 0.15. What would be the rate of superelevation if
full lateral friction is considered?
A. 1 in 21.2
B. 1 in 15.8
C. 1 in 25.0
D. 1 in 32.6
Answer A
Q. 162)
Answer B
A. The penetration value of bitumen is measured by distance in tenths of
mm that a standard needle would penetrate vertically into bitumen
sample under standard conditions of test.
A. 50 m and 32 m
B. 50 m and 10 m
C. 25 m and 10 m
D. 25 m and 32 m
Answer B
Expansion joints: - The purpose of the expansion joint is to allow the
expansion of the pavement due to rise in temperature with respect to
construction temperature.
Spacing between 50 to 500 ft (15 to 150 m)
A. Flexible pavement
B. Rigid pavement
C. Bituminous overlay over cement concrete surface
D. Rigid overlay over flexible pavement
Answer C
Reflective cracking can include cracks that occur away from an underlying
joint.
A. Retaining walls
B. Catch water drains
C. Breast wall
D. Hair-pin bends
Answer D
Breast wall:- A breast is wall constructed to prevent the soil on a natural slope of
embankment from sliding down the slope due to effects of weather, erosion etc.
Catch drain: - When the road runs in steep side Hill, the water from the upper
slopes comes to the road surface and causes major damage of the road.
Divert the water from the hill slope, catch water drains are provided on the same
side as the side drains, running parallel to the road.
The water from this catch water drain is diverted to the nearest cross drainage
work such as culvert or to a natural stream.
Q. 167) In the Los Angeles Abrasion test on aggregate, if
the speed of the drum is increased to 50 rpm, then the
abrasion value will
A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Remain unchanged
D. Be unpredictable
Answer A
Los Angeles Abrasion Test:- It consists of a hollow cylindrical machine
closed at both ends having 70 cm internal diameter and 50 cm long,
mounted on supports so that it may rotate about its horizontal axis.
Steel spherical balls 4.5 cm diameter and weight 390 grams to 445 grams.
The weight and number of balls per charge of aggregate depends upon
the grading of aggregate simple.
Procedure:-
1. Sample 5 kg or 10 kg depending on the grading of aggregate sample.
2. Machine is rotated at a speed of 30 to 33 r.p.m. For 500-1000 r.p.m
depending on grading.
3. Sample is taken out and sieved through 1.7 mm I.S. Sieve and weight of
aggregate passing through it.
Abrasion value = W2/W1× 100%
W1 is the weight of sample put in the machine.
Q. 168) The maximum superelevation to be provided on a
road curve road is 1 in 15. If the rate of change of
superelevation is specified as 1 in 120 and the road width
is 10 m, then the minimum length of the transition curve
on either end will be
A. 180 m
B. 125 m
C. 80 m
D. 30 m
Answer C
Q. 169) A summit curve is formed at the intersection of a
3% up gradient and 5% down gradient. To provide a
stopping distance of 128 m, the length of summit curve
needed will be
A. 271 m
B. 298 m
C. 322 m
D. 340 m
Answer B
Q. 170) Which one of the following causes ravelling in
bituminous pavement?
A. E, K, u, r
B. h, K, u, r
C. E, h, K, u
D. P, h, K, u
Answer C
Where,
L = Radius of relative stiffness in cms
E = Modulus of elasticity of cement concrete kg/cm²
u = Poisson ratio of cement concrete = 0.15
h = Slab thickness in cms
K = Subgrade modulus or modulus of subgrade reaction kg/cm²
Q. 174) Consider the following situations
1. Traffic volume entering from all roads is less than 3000 vehicles per
hour
2. Pedestrian volume is high
3. Total right turning traffic is high
4. A road in a hilly region
A. 1 and 3
B. 1 and 4
C. 2 and 4
D. 2 and 3
Answer A
Guidelines for the selection of rotary:-
1. Traffic volume entering from all roads is 500 to 3000 vehicles per hour.
2. Total right turning traffic is high.
3. If the number of intersecting roads is between 4 and 7 then rotaries
can be constructed with advantage
Answer C
Durability:- Aggregates used in pavements have to withstand the adverse action
of weather such as physical and chemical action of rain and ground water and
effects of atmosphere etc. The durability of aggregates is determined by
soundness test.
Abrasion:- The aggregates used in the surface course are subjected to constant
abrasion due to moving vehicles. The removal of material from the surface of the
road by grinding action is known as abrasion.
Attrition:- The mutual rubbing of stones also causes wear in the aggregates. This
action of mutual rubbing or grinding of stones is known as attrition.
Crazing:- Breaking up of road surface layer through cracking into irregular shaped
areas.
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Objective Questions
(176 to 190)
Highway
Engineering
Q. 176) Ratio of the width of the car parking area required
at kerb for 30° parking relative to 60° parking is
approximately
A. 0.5
B. 0.7
C. 0.8
D. 2.0
Answer C
Q. 177) Consider the following statements with reference to pavements
1. Flexible pavements are more suitable then rigid pavements in regions
where subgrade strength is uneven.
2. Load carrying capacity of rigid pavements depends more on the
properties of concrete then the strength of subgrade.
3. Compared to flexible pavements, rigid pavements are more affected by
temperature variations.
Of these statements
A. 1718
B. 1250
C. 625
D. 125
Answer A
Q. 179) Consider the following statements:
Collision diagram is used to
1. Study accident pattern
2. Eliminate accidents
3. Determine remedial measures
4. Make statistical analysis of accidents
Of these statements
Collision diagram are most useful to compare the accident pattern before
and after the remedial measures have been taken.
Q. 180) In which one of the following grades of highway is
an emergency escape ramp provided
A. 1 in 200
B. Zero grade
C. Down grade
D. Up grade
Answer C
A. Less than 6
B. Greater than 6
C. Greater than 9
D. Between 15 and 30
Answer A
A. 800 m
B. 160 m
C. 80 m
D. 70 m
Answer C
Q. 183) If the CBR value obtained at 5 mm penetration is
higher than that at 2.5 mm, then the test is repeated for
checking; and if the check test reveals a similar trend
trend, then the CBR value is to be reported as the
2.5 1370
5.0 2055
7.5 2630
10.0 3180
12.5 3600
The C.B.R. values are usually calculated for penetration of 2.5 mm and 5
mm. Generally the C.B.R. value at 2.5 mm will be greater that at 5 mm
and in such a case the former shall be taken as C.B.R. for design purpose.
If C.B.R. for 5 mm exceeds that for 2.5 mm, the test should be repeated.
If identical results follow, the C.B.R. corresponding to 5 mm penetration
should be taken for design.
Q. 184) A vehicle was stopped in two seconds by fully
Jamming the brakes. The skid marks measured 9.8 metres.
The average skid resistance coefficient will be
A. 0.7
B. 0.5
C. 0.4
D. 0.25
Answer B
Q. 185) Which one of the following is the chronological
sequence in regard to road construction/design
development?
A. 30th hour
B. Peak hour
C. ADT
D. 15-min peak period
Answer A
Design Hour Volume (DHV) is the hourly traffic volume used in the
design of highways.
The 30th highest hourly volume Is the hourly volume that will be
exceeded only 29 times In a year and all hourly volumes of the year will
be less than this value.
Q. 188) The amount of mechanical energy imposed on the
aggregate during aggregate impact test is of the order of
A. 5320 kg-cm
B. 6750 kg-cm
C. 7980 kg-cm
D. 11400 kg-cm
Answer C
Procedure of Impact test
1. Sample 10 mm to 12.5 mm using sieve.
2. Sample transferred to the cup of the impact test apparatus and compacted by tamping road
25 times.
3. Now the hammer is raised to a height of 38 cm above the surface of the aggregate in the
cup and is allowed to fall freely on the specimen.
4. 15 blows are given.
5. Sieved through 2.36 mm IS sieve and passing fraction is weighed (W1) .
In impact test 15 blows of 14 kg hamer with a drop of 38 cm are given. Therefore mechanical
energy imposed on aggregate is
= 15 × 14 × 38 = 7980 kg.cm
Q. 189) Which one of the following binders is
recommended for a wet and cold climate?
Marshall method
Used for bituminous
design mix.
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Objective Questions
(191 to 200)
Highway
Engineering
Q. 191) It was noted that on a section of road, the free
speed was 80 kmph and the jam density was 70 kmph. The
maximum flow in vph that could be expected on this road
is
A. 800
B. 1400
C. 2800
D. 5600
Answer B
Q. 192) Which of the criteria given below are used for the
design of valley vertical curves on road?
1. Rider comfort.
2. Headlight sight distance
3. Drainage
Select the correct answer using the codes given below
A. 1,2 and 3
B. 1 and 3
C. 2 and 3
D. 1 and 2
Answer A
Valley (Sag) curves are those curves which have convexity downwards.
They are formed under the four following conditions:
1. When a negative gradient meets another mild negative gradient
2. When a negative gradient meets a level zero gradient
3. When a negative gradient meets with a positive gradient
4. When a positive gradient meets another steeper positive gradient
During day time the visibility in valley curves are not hindered but during
night time the only source of visibility becomes headlight in the absence
of street lights.
And in valley curves, the centrifugal force generated by the vehicle
moving along a valley curve acts downwards along with the weight of the
vehicle and this adds to the stress induced in the spring of the vehicle
which causes jerking of the vehicle.
Answer D
A. Road tar
B. Hot bitumen
C. Cutback bitumen
D. Bituminous emulsion
Answer D
Patching is the process of filling potholes or excavated areas in
the asphalt pavement.
A. 33 mm
B. 66 mm
C. 133 mm
D. 166 mm
Answer D
Q. 196) For a circular curve of radius 200 m, the coefficient
of lateral friction is 0.15 and the design speed 40 kmph.
The equilibrium superelevation (for equal pressure on
inner and outer wheels) would be
A. 21.3
B. 7
C. 6.3
D. 4.6
Answer C
Q. 197) If a descending gradients of 1 in 25 meets an
ascending gradient of 1 in 40, then the length of valley
curve required for head light distance of 100 m will be
A. 30 m
B. 130 m
C. 310 m
D. 630 m
Answer B
A. 938 m
B. 781 m
C. 470 m
D. 170 m
Answer B
Q 199) Which one of the following pairs is not correctly
matched?
A. 2 SSD
B. (SSD + OSD) / 2
C. (OSD – SSD) / 2
D. 2 OSD
Answer A
Intermediate sight distance (ISD) is defined as twice SSD.
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(201 to 207 END)
Last Part
Highway
Engineering
Q. 201) Consider the following:
1. L.L. of soil,
2. P.L. of soil,
3. S.L of soil
4. Annual average rainfall,
5. Temperature of soil
As per the latest IRC guidelines, the set of essential data required to
determine moisture correction factor of clayey subgrade soil in
Benkelman beam study would include
A. 1,2 and 4
B. 1,2,3 and 4
C. 2,3 and 5
D. 4 and 5
Answer A
Indian roads congress has specified the design procedures for flexible
pavements based on:-
1. Design traffic in terms of cumulative number of standard axles and
2. CBR value of subgrade.
A. 290 N/mm²
B. 390 N/mm²
C. 490 N/mm²
D. 590 N/mm²
Answer C
Q. 204) Brake is applied on a vehicle which then is skids a
distance of 16 m before coming to stop. If the developed
average coefficient of friction between the tyres and the
pavement is 0.4, then the speed of the vehicle before
skidding would have been nearly
A. 20 kmph
B. 30 kmph
C. 40 kmph
D. 50 kmph
Answer C
Q. 205) When two roads with two-lane, two-way traffic,
cross at an uncontrolled intersection, the total number of
potential major conflict points would be
A. 32
B. 24
C. 16
D. 4
Answer A
Q. 206) Rapid curing cutback bitumen is produced by
blending (admixture) bitumen with
A. Kerosene
B. Benzene
C. Diesel
D. Petrol
Answer D
Cutback bitumen:- Normal practice is to heat bitumen to reduce its
viscosity. In cutback bitumen suitable solvent is used to lower the
viscosity of the bitumen. From the environmental point of view also
cutback bitumen is preferred. The solvent from the bituminous material
will evaporate and the bitumen will bind the aggregate.
A. 42.9 × 106
B. 22.6 × 106
C. 10.1 × 106
D. 5.3 × 106
Answer A
The End
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