GRAPHITE

c color Iron
Native element, ineal peating unt 1s
CTraphNte
blue in trand utted digkt
to stel g deep
black in natwne
In natne
OpagueHialy
flaky in Cleavagëtlexible
nonelast
can be orm ahn
albo
Prtsent Vin c e staBe
42A
Structue I t is Composed

of lat two dimensional sheeks 335A

of Caom Each sheet is a

hexagenal net ofC atoms and

maybe reqarded as tued system Vandeuaal S
bonds
ofbenzene rin4SIhe dayeus aHe Cevalent
held togedhe 6y weak vendeuwnal's bonds
and
force The Cc bond lengh wh in a Shee is laA
he distance between he dayeH is 3:3S A.The inteulayer
he co-valet radiu
istance is dange a n he ice ofhe three otke
oC C2x(c-c) 2xS4 -3-08) in graphute Only
In torming
bond
0ond-
Valence e ot eagh C atom Qne involved
torms bond he dayeus
It is Sp hybridized A four4h e
wh each ohe
hon3
hangs Uoosely Bond angles ane 120 2 P
C IS
lyps of Gvaphite
o Garaphute Chexagenal) CI2s' 2P"
aHanged in
Produted,In which he dayeus aHe
Synheti cally exactu
ype wih he"ird udaye
Ke Seguence ABABAB
dentical to he irst la
Oceusing The 0rder o t
Natuoully
BGraphite CRhambohedral) Porbital

doye is ABC ABC

Gvinding. B
Heati
(Pro peukies and Uses (vandenwaals tovce)
soo
is weak
Ihe bonding blw he dayen as inten
cleaves easil bekween he layen
Jhat raphute for he
forhe
cesUae ichaccouns
dae distance and used
Softnels ot h e graphite
and
reman kable
 ubricant.not oxidised in aln belaw 315cuptoInveu high tepi
he abaence ot ain
2. At solidifies a s infinite sheets of hexagons which shde
On pape easily . hence it (s soft and grtbsy
ha he atom
spacing ot sheet also means
3 The wide
he space vey
efecti-
do not back tohehen to fl an
do we (,25glcm3)
Vey and Jhe deruits is

dia mond C 3-s q lCm3

due to hese
The
he e's aNc delocalized avenhe whole. sheek and
Conduets elebniuty wih in he plane of
mebile es qraphite can Cay
heat

sheetto . dneJhey .
es
Sheet buk not bom Onc diamend ts
its
also. sed in elechrodes ot cells stable h a n diamend
hevmo dlynanically m e r e
Graphitec is KTInole So heAmodyna-
i s -9
fhce enexgy of formation diomend. to twin im to qrpute
ically is favounable for hene is high
because
but JKe do not naunally do
So
but JRey.
enegy ot autivaton Ucquircd because
possible
Jhexmodynarically
6
6. he YCVeAse process is not and qraphite
c a n be
CondiHions
Iteuivcs veuy high enegy, & press' So,ooo
to syfheHc Vd diamend a t t6o
Convertcd in
6 Sooo atm elechodes
elecbic Spauk is shuek between qraphite
T when an
a n 2 Contains
Soot IS pro duwed which is mainy C-blaek
Signi ticant arount C
ulatively high C3Too . is
hempt of qraphile El iWnuelean Reaetor.
sedVsed for modeshting.
h e speed of
IH is an allobope ot CatbonTts melecudar
Fullee nes
discovexed by Hw kroto and Smalley. Thisallo-
formula is Cco
Commenuy Known Buckministe fullerenes in he honoor
as
tyope
Ot an achitelt Buekministeu fullen who designcd domelacedesi
Sbuetes based on hexagøn pentagens rcsembls C
an 1996 Nobel Pze ]
ssasiaie

No. ot C- atomd Ne
Pixed. tov e Cgo -H
P
 Suetwe
The
he
molecule is icosahedron having 32 faees 12 pertagons
and mole dle is aHomakic
20 ae hexagens. The and

have uess ruon aing ShuetuHe. h e valenies o eaehC

ato Le saisfied b two single bond and One dowble
bond Each c atom is bonded to 3 oher Catom 2 sp2
hybidised The naining 2P Cunnybridised arbitad Jis Tuponuible
foY bond I aknawn o bueky ball as it is
ot
Spheical Clustu t C atoms wanded in a S e i e s
5 and 6 membened rings to form SEccen ball
at
Acc. to NMR specbum C40 gives Shaup dine
143 PPm
Ppm whout anny anglespinninq I t m e a n s h e
iquid and e mole Cule
Solid is aeing uike a

c c lattices geneales octahedral tehahedral

having
site which can auep+ Some speeies like k and
torm kaC6o bE buckide
Synhesis
ynhesi .By Vapowusing h e graphite od in He a t
phite
Tods
sphene ot C using rrsistive heout
YInect
Ineut Evapo poration
atmos.
hen eleebrik Spak is suek beturen
C0os 3 .
an

Spa high a Ar)

9Taphite rod.
clased., 4 Soot is produed having. Cco
Chanbey

Propenthes It is blaok Powdey matual,odowrless.

. Tt forms decp mahenta Solukion hen
dissolved in benzeNe.
3. Its deniby is 16s 9 lcms
4 T t is solube in CH Toluene

5. TH is vey tough AHeumally stable 8:Pt Book

66 Tt exisaga di'scrckemolele ofF

7 Can be conmprssed t0 loose 30
Its volume. whout deshoying its ccage Sue'.
8. A magnetic Fullenenes hobeen torme by
elbdk 4setadaan organtd
wih
CompdCempd
Fluovinattd fulenenesCgofs) krown as
Telan bulls.
Applicat ion flueinakcd fullenene CCF6o)
shuo
It Can sed a s lubicant de to its spheucal
The balu would aut as a moleculan bal beaungs.
when nixed
a Supenconduetor
t Can be used as
K used in compul memery
eleekronic
wih alkali melak
wirs K36o ( TOAE so)*
Can be used as soft femwmagneb
3 mcToeleehonic
2 optial
eleehonwc
wed in
I t can be
devices Conpos ites CaH fibres
bon Hbrs
CaH bon
is uscd in
SS Caubon nanbbubes tov tennis
tennds
resing
1S sed in tormabion otepoxu
Yacquks harc e vealed a
Soluble Fullenenes derivablves
6 waken
Potenhal for medical applicakions.
Sigrificant
é denar
as it reaeks wih organic
TDAE C6o
tehrakis Cdi methy anino) ehylene