Designing A Complete Vehicle Safety and Alert System Integrated Iot
Designing A Complete Vehicle Safety and Alert System Integrated Iot
Designing A Complete Vehicle Safety and Alert System Integrated Iot
INTEGRATED IOT
INTRODUCTION:
Vehicle security system has been a topic of great interest over the years due to the increasing
vehicle theft cases reported all over the world. Most of the advanced vehicle security
systems best suit the four wheelers. As far as the security system for two wheelers is
concerned, the systems available in market are of no match to the well equipped thieves.
When under attack, these systems can only immobilize the vehicle safety alert. It is a serious
limitation. In this project we propose a reliable and robust design of Vehicle Security System
(VSS) with features enhancing the security of the vehicle. In our proposed security system
various new features are included in addition to the Key alert system. Few of the important
maintained to make the system reliable even in the worst case scenario, but due to cost
constraints a tradeoff between cost and redundancy was necessary. This system is designed
ABSTRACT:
In automotive applications, vehicle safety is one of the important aspects in the area of
security system. The crime related to vehicle safety and alert system has been a tremendous
rise in every day. This generates a crucial need for an effective vehicle safety diagnosis
system. In this project, a compact, efficient system is studied, designed and explored. An
integrated control system, which is monitors vehicle status conditions and the right
sensors and whenever alcohol detects vehicle engine needs to shut down to avoid accidents.
EXISTING SYSTEM:
At present the vehicle theft cases are common in cities Insecurity of vehicle is one of
the major challenges that the India is facing now, each state having their peculiar security
issues. The crime rate in society these days has become a threatening issue such that vehicles
are now used for committing criminal activities more than before.
LITERATURE SURVEY
ABSTRACT:
ABSTRACT:
ABSTRACT:
ABSTRACT
PROPOSED SYSTEM:
Authorization section
Helmet section
Authorization section consists of microcontroller with finger print and face recognition by
python image processing. Only the vehicle on, when the fingerprint sensor is matching with
face. If the fingerprint does not match, then the vehicle does not turn on. And that data
updated in IOT.
In vehicle section consists microcontroller with gas sensor and IR sensor If the driver
consumes the alcohol sensed by the gas sensor, then the alcohol consumption is updated in
IOT web page and turn off motor. And also need helmet wear identify by the IR sensor.
BLOCK DIAGRAM:
AUTHORIZATION SECTION:
UART
LCD
DRIVER CIRCUIT
IOT
MICRO
CONTROLLER
DC MOTOR
WSN
FINGER PRINT
SENSOR
HELMET SECTION:
POWER SUPPLY
GAS SENSOR
LCD
WSN
MICRO
CONTROLLER
IR SENSOR
HARDWARE COMPONENTS:
MICROCONTROLLER
UART
DRIVER CIRCUIT
DC MOTOR
IOT
GAS SENSOR
LCD DISPLAY
IR SENSOR
POWER SUPPLY
WSN
SOFTWARE COMPONENTS:
EMBEDDED C
ARDUINO IDE
PYTHON IDE
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION:
MICROCONTROLLER
ESP32
INTRODUCTION
Arduino is a great platform for beginners into the World of Microcontrollers and
Embedded Systems. With a lot of cheap sensors and modules, you can make
several projects either as a hobby or even commercial.
As technology advanced, new project ideas and implementations came into play
and one particular concept is the Internet of Things or IoT. It is a connected
platform, where several “things” or devices are connected over internet for
exchange of information.
In DIY community, the IOT projects are mainly focused on Home Automation
and Smart Home applications but commercial and industrial IoT projects have
far complex implementations like Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence,
Wireless Sensor Networks etc.
The important thing in this brief intro is whether it is a small DIY project by a
hobbyist or a complex industrial project, any IoT project must have connectivity
to Internet. This is where the likes of ESP8266 and ESP32 come into picture.
If you want to add Wi-Fi connectivity to your projects, then ESP8266 is a great
option. But if you want build a complete system with Wi-Fi connectivity,
Bluetooth connectivity, high resolution ADCs, DAC, Serial Connectivity and
many other features, then ESP32 is the ultimate choice.
What is ESP32?
ESP32 is a low-cost System on Chip (SoC) Microcontroller from Espressif
Systems, the developers of the famous ESP8266 SoC. It is a successor to
ESP8266 SoC and comes in both single-core and dual-core variations of the
Tensilica’s 32-bit Xtensa LX6 Microprocessor with integrated Wi-Fi and
Bluetooth.
The good thing about ESP32, like ESP8266 is its integrated RF components like
Power Amplifier, Low-Noise Receive Amplifier, Antenna Switch, Filters and RF
Balun. This makes designing hardware around ESP32 very easy as you require
very few external components.
Another important thing to know about ESP32 is that it is manufactured using
TSMC’s ultra-low-power 40 nm technology. So, designing battery operated
applications like wearables, audio equipment, baby monitors, smart watches, etc.,
using ESP32 should be very easy.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION:
ESP32 has a lot more features than ESP8266 and it is difficult to include all the
specifications in this Getting Started with ESP32 guide. So, I made a list of some
of the important specifications of ESP32 here. But for complete set of
specifications, I strongly suggest you to refer to the Datasheet.
POWER SUPPLY
ADAPTER
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
An electric power adapter may enable connection of a power plug, sometimes
called, used in one region to a AC power socket used in another, by offering
connections for the disparate contact arrangements, while not changing the
voltage. An AC adapter, also called a "recharger", is a small power supply that
changes household electric current from distribution voltage) to low voltage DC
suitable for consumer electronics. Some modify power or signal attributes, while
others merely adapt the physical form of one electrical connector to another. For
computers and related items, one kind of serial port adapter enables connections
between 25-contact and nine-contact connectors, but does not affect electrical
power- and signalling-related attributes.
FEATURES
Output current:1A
Reduced costs
Increased value across front-office and back-office functions
APPLICATIONS
SMPS applications.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
SM-621 is RS232 /UART fingerprint module scanner for the demand of access
control system, door lock, T&A and safety box OEM POS Consisting of high
function DSP, large capacity FLASH and color CMOS, etc, SM621 optical
fingerprint module can conduct fingerprint enrollment, image processing,
templates storage, fingerprint matching and fingerprint searching. This Optical
biometric fingerprint reader is with great features and can be embedded into a
variety of end products, such as: access control, attendance, safety deposit box,
car door locks. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION R305 fingerprint module is
fingerprint sensor with TTL UART interface for direct connections to
microcontroller UART or to PC through MAX232 / USBSerial adapter. The user
can store the fingerprint data in the module and can configure it in 1:1 or 1: N
mode for identifying the person. The FP module can directly interface with 3v3
or 5v Microcontroller. A level converter (like MAX232) is required for
interfacing with PC serial port.
FEATURES
Input voltage: 5v
Interface: RS232.
Matching Mode: 1:1 and 1:N.
Baud rate: 9600 – 115200.
Storage Capacity: 256.
APPLICATIONS
Attendance system.
Safety deposit box system.
Car door locking system.
DC MOTOR:
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The relationship between torque vs speed and current is linear as shown left; as
the load on a motor increases, Speed will decrease. The graph pictured here
represents the characteristics of a typical motor. As long as the motor is used in
the area of high efficiency (as represented by the shaded area) long life and good
performance can be expected. However, using the motor outside this range will
result in high temperature rises and deterioration of motor parts. A motor's basic
rating point is slightly lower than its maximum efficiency point. Load torque can
be determined by measuring the current drawn when the motor is attached to a
machine whose actual load value is known.
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
FEATURES
APPLICATIONS
APPLICATIONS
Self-balancing robots
Tilt-mode game controllers
Model airplane auto pilot
Car alarm systems
Crash detection/airbag deployment
IOT
WEB SERVER
Espresso's ESP32 delivers highly integrated Wi-Fi SoC solution to meet users’
continuous demands for efficient power usage, compact design and reliable
performance in the Internet of Things industry. With the complete and self-
contained Wi-Fi networking capabilities, ESP32 can perform either as a
standalone application or as the slave to a host MCU. When ESP32 hosts the
application, it promptly boots up from the flash. The integrated high speed cache
helps to increase the system performance and optimize the system memory. Also,
ESP32 can be applied to any microcontroller design as a Wi-Fi adaptor through
SPI / SDIO or I2C / UART interfaces. ESP32 integrates antenna switches, RF
balun, power amplifier, low noise receive amplifier, filters and power
management modules. The compact design minimizes the PCB size and requires
minimal external circuitries. Besides the Wi-Fi functionalities, ESP32 also
integrates an enhanced version of Tensilica’s L106 Diamond series 32-bit
processor and on-chip SRAM. It can be interfaced with external sensors and
other devices through the GPIOs. Software Development Kit (SDK) provides
sample codes for various applications.
Channel Frequencies:
• The RF transceiver supports the following channels according to
IEEE802.11b/g/n standards
GHz Receiver:
GHz Transmitter:
• Carrier leakage
• Baseband nonlinearities
• These built-in calibration functions reduce the product test time and make
the test equipment unnecessary
FEATURES
APPLICATIONS
16×2 LCD
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
LCD stands for liquid crystal display. They come in many sizes 8x1 , 8x2 ,
10x2 , 16x1 , 16x2 , 16x4 , 20x2 , 20x4 ,24x2 , 30x2 , 32x2 , 40x2 etc . Many
multinational companies like Philips Hitachi Panasonic make their own special
kind of LCD'S to be used in their products. All the LCD'S performs the same
functions (display characters numbers special characters ASCII characters
etc).Their programming is also same and they all have same 14 pins (0-13) or 16
pins (0 to 15). Alphanumeric displays are used in a wide range of applications,
including palmtop computers, word processors, photocopiers, point of sale
terminals, medical instruments, cellular phones, etc.
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
FEATURES
Input voltage: 5v
E-blocks compatible
Low cost
Compatible with most I/O ports in the E-Block range
Ease to develop programming code using Flow code icons
APPLICATIONS
Monitoring
GAS SENSOR
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
MQ-8 gas sensor composed by micro AL2O3 ceramic tube, Tin Dioxide (SnO2)
sensitive layer, measuring electrode and heater are fixed into a crust made by
plastic and stainless steel net. MQ-8 gas sensor has high sensitivity to hydrogen
gas and has anti-interference to gases. The enveloped MQ-8 have 6 pin, 4 of
them are used to fetch signals, and other 2 are used for providing heating current.
The MQ-8 gas module is mounted on a pcb board which has an operating voltage
of 5VDC. The sensor output values can be get by means of both analog and
digital.
FEATURES
APPLICATIONS
IR SENSOR
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
IR LED emits infrared radiation. This radiation illuminates the surface in front of
This reflected light is made incident on reverse biased IR sensor. The amount of
as intensity of incident ray varies, voltage across resistor will vary accordingly.
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
radiate some form of thermal radiations. These types of radiations are invisible to
our eyes, that can be detected by an infrared sensor. The emitter is simply an IR
LED (Light Emitting Diode) and the detector is simply an IR photodiode which
When IR light falls on the photodiode, The resistances and these output voltages,
FEATURES
Operating voltage:5VDC
APPLICATIONS
Computers
Signage
Telephones
UART COMMUNICATION
UART stands for Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter.
It’s not a communication protocol like SPI and I2C, but a physical
circuit in a microcontroller, or a stand- alone IC. A UART’s main
purpose is to transmit and receive serial data.
INTRODUCTION TO UART COMMUNICATION
The UART that is going to transmit data receives the data from a
data bus. The data bus is used to send data to the UART by another
device like a CPU, memory, or microcontroller. Data is transferred from
the data bus to the transmitting UART in parallel form. After the
transmitting UART gets the parallel data from the data bus, it adds a
start bit, a parity bit, and a stop bit, creating the data packet. Next, the
data packet is output serially, bit by bit at the Tx pin. The receiving
UART reads the data packet bit by bit at its Rx pin. The receiving
UART then converts the data back into parallel form and removes the
start bit, parity bit, and stop bits. Finally, the receiving UART transfers
the data packet in parallel to the data bus on the receiving end: UART
transmitted data is organized into packets. Each packet contains 1 start
bit, 5 to 9 data bits (depending on the UART), an optional parity bit, and
1 or 2stop bits.
START BIT
DATA FRAME
The data frame contains the actual data being transferred. It can be
5 bits upto 8 bits long if a parity bit is used. If no parity bit is used, the
data frame can be 9 bits long. In most cases, the data is sent with the
least significant bit first .Parity Parity describes the evenness or oddness
of a number. The parity bit is a way for the receiving UART to tell if any
data has changed during transmission. Bits can be changed by
electromagnetic radiation, mismatched baud rates, or long distance data
transfers. After the receiving UART reads the data frame, it counts the
number of bits with a value of 1 and checks if the total is an even or odd
number. If the parity bit is a 0 (even parity), the 1 bits in the data frame
should total to an even number. If the parity bit is a 1 (odd parity), the 1
bits in the data frame should total to an odd number. When the parity bit
matches the data, the UART knows that the transmission was free of
errors. But if the parity bit is a 0, and the total is odd; or the parity bit is
a 1, and the total is even, the UART knows that bits in the data frame
have changed.
STOP BITS
To signal the end of the data packet, the sending UART drives the
data transmission line from a low voltage to a high voltage for at least
two bit durations.
STEPS OF UART TRANSMISSION
1. The transmitting UART receives data in parallel from the data bus:
2. The transmitting UART adds the start bit, parity bit, and the stop bit(s) to the
data frame:
3. The entire packet is sent serially from the transmitting UART to the
receiving UART. The receiving UART samples the data line at the pre-
configured baud rate:
4. The receiving UART discards the start bit, parity bit, and stop bit from the
data frame:
5. The receiving UART converts the serial data back into parallel and
transfers it to the data bus on the receiving end:
ADVANTAGES
WSN
ZIGBEE
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
FEATURES
Supply voltage: 5v DC
Detection range: (10-30) m
RS232 Output
TTL uart also provided
Frequency: 2.4GHz
Tx and Rx Status LEDs
Low power
APPLICATIONS
Lighting controls
Switching
Wireless keyboard and mouse
Consumer electronics
SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION:
Get the latest version from the download page. You can choose
between the Installer (.exe) and the Zip packages. We suggest you use
the first one that installs directly everything you need to use the Arduino
Software (IDE), including the drivers. With the Zip package you need to
install the drivers manually. The Zip file is also useful if you want to
create a portable installation.
When the download finishes, proceed with the installation and please
allow the driver installation process when you get a warning from the
operating system.
Choose the components to install
Choose the installation directory (we suggest to keep the default one)
The process will extract and install all the required files to execute
properly the Arduino Software (IDE)
Arduino Boot loader Issue
The current boot loader burned onto the Arduino UNO is not
compatible with ROBOTC. In its current form, you will be able to
download the ROBOTC Firmware to the ArduinoUNO, but you will not
able to download any user programs.
The reason for this is because there is a bug in the Arduino UNO
firmware that does not allow flash write commands to start at anywhere
but the beginning of flash memory (0x000000). See the bottom of this
page for more technical details.
Hardware Needed
Software Needed
The Arduino Boot loader sets the "erase Address" to zero every time the
boot loader is called. ROBOTC called the "Load Address" command to
set the address in which we want to write/verify when downloading
program.
When writing a page of memory to the arduino, the Arduino boot loader
will erase the existing page and write a whole new page.
Our modification is to set both the Load Address and the Erase Address
so the activity of writing a user program doesn't cause the firmware to be
accidentally erased.
Summary
Microcontroller Arduino UNO
Operating Voltage 5V Input Voltage (recommended)
Input Voltage (limits) 6-20V
SRAM 8KB
EEPROM 4KB
The Arduino UNO can be powered via the USB connection or with
an external power supply. The power source is selected automatically.
External (non-USB) power can come either from an AC-to-DC adapter
(wall-wart) or battery. The adapter can be connected by plugging a
2.1mm center-positive plug into the board's power jack. Leads from a
battery can be inserted in the Gnd and Vin pin headers of the POWER
connector.
The board can operate on an external supply of 6 to 20 volts. If
supplied with less than 7V, however, the 5V pin may supply less than
five volts and the board may be unstable. If using more than 12V, the
voltage regulator may overheat and damage the board. The
recommended range is 7 to 12 volts.
They differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI
USB-to-serial driver chip. Instead, it features the programmed as a
USB-to-serial converter.
VIN. The input voltage to the Arduino board when it's using an
external power source (as opposed to 5 volts from the USB
connection or other regulated power source). You can supply
voltage through this pin, or, if supplying voltage via the power
jack, access it through this pin.
5V. The regulated power supply used to power the
microcontroller and other components on the board. This can
come either from VIN via a non-board regulator, or be supplied
by USB or another regulated 5V supply.
3V3.A3.3voltsupplygeneratedbytheon-
boardregulator.Maximumcurrentdrawis50mA.
GND. Ground pins.
The ATMEGA has 256 KB of flash memory for storing code (of
which 8 KB is used for the bootloader), 8 KB of SRAM and 4 KB of
EEPROM (which can be read and written with the EEPROM library).
Each of the 54 digital pins on the Mega can be used as an input or
output, using pinMode(), digitalWrite(), and digitalRead() functions.
They operate at 5 volts. Each pin can provide or receive a maximum of
40 mA and has an internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by default) of
20-50k Ohms. In addition, some pins have specialized functions:
The Arduino UNO has 16 analog inputs, each of which provide 10 bits
of resolution (i.e. 1024 different values). By default they measure from
ground to 5 volts, though is it possible to change the upper end of their
range using the AREF pin and analog Reference() function.
AREF. Reference voltage for the analog inputs. Used with analog
Reference().
eset. Bring this line LOW to reset the microcontroller. Typically
used to add a reset button to shields which block the one on the
board.
Communication
The Arduino UNO has a number of facilities for communicating
with a computer, another Arduino, or other microcontrollers. The
Arduino UNO provides four hardware UARTs for TTL (5V) serial
communication.
The Mega contains a trace that can be cut to disable the auto-reset.
The pads on either side of the trace can be soldered together to re-enable
it. It's labeled "RESET-EN". You may also be able to disable the auto-
reset by connecting a 110 ohm resistor from 5V to the reset line; see this
forum thread for details.
The Arduino UNO has a resettable poly fuse that protects your
computer's USB ports from shorts and over current. Although most
computers provide their own internal protection, the fuse provides an
extra layer ofprotection.Ifmorethan500mAisappliedtotheUSBport, the
fuse will automatically break the connection until the short or overload
is removed.
The maximum length and width of the UNO PCB are 4 and 2.1
inches respectively, with the USB connector and power jack extending
beyond the former dimension. Three screw holes allow the board to be
attached to a surface or case. Note that the distance between digital pins
7 and 8 is 160 mil (0.16"), not an even multiple of the 100 mil spacing of
the other pins.
Please note that I2C is not located on the same pins on the Mega
(20and21) as the Duemilanove / Diecimila (analog inputs 4 and 5).
EMBEDDED C
ABOUT EMBEDDED C
DESCRIPTION
X int a[25] ;
Means that a is an array of 25 integers, which is located in the X
memory. Similarly (but less common):
X int * Y p ;
NAMED REGISTERS
EMBEDDED C PORTABILITY
PYTHON
FEATURES
• Readability counts
CONCLUSION:
REFERENCES:
2008.
Vision, 2012.