BS en Iso 22827-1 - 2005

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22827-1
First edition
2005-10-15
Acceptance tests for Nd:YAG laser beam

welding machines — Machines with
optical fibre delivery —
Part 1:
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Laser assembly
Essais de réception pour les machines de soudage par faisceau laser
Nd:YAG — Machines avec transport de faisceau par fibre optique —
Partie 1: Ensemble laser
Reference number
ISO 22827-1:2005(E)
Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2005

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ISO 22827-1:2005(E)
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ii
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Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
ISO 22827-1:2005(E)
Contents Page
Foreword............................................................................................................................................................ iv
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ v
1 Scope ..................................................................................................................................................... 1
2 Normative references ........................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions........................................................................................................................... 2
4 Environmental conditions and operating conditions of acceptance tests..................................... 2
4.1 Installation environment ...................................................................................................................... 2
4.2 Power supply......................................................................................................................................... 2
4.3 Cooling system ..................................................................................................................................... 2
4.4 Pumping light source ........................................................................................................................... 2
4.5 Shielding and assist gas ...................................................................................................................... 2
4.6 Operating instruction for users........................................................................................................... 2
5 Acceptance test .................................................................................................................................... 3
5.1 General................................................................................................................................................... 3
5.2 Check of parts ....................................................................................................................................... 3
5.3 Acceptance tests for laser power and optical system...................................................................... 3
5.4 Test for laser beam safety ................................................................................................................... 4
5.5 Test of pressures and flow rates of assist and shielding gases ..................................................... 5
6 Welding test........................................................................................................................................... 5
7 Records of test results ......................................................................................................................... 5
Annex A (informative) Example of a test report form ..................................................................................... 6
Annex B (informative) Optional parameters .................................................................................................... 8
Bibliography ....................................................................................................................................................... 9
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© ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Copyright International Organization for Standardization iii
ISO 22827-1:2005(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 22827-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee
SC 10, Unification of requirements in the field of metal welding.
ISO 22827 consists of the following parts, under the general title Acceptance tests for Nd:YAG laser beam
welding machines — Machines with optical fibre delivery:
⎯ Part 1: Laser assembly
⎯ Part 2: Moving mechanism
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iv
ISO 22827-1:2005(E)
Introduction
Requests for official interpretations of any aspect of this part of ISO 22827 should be sent to the Secretariat of
ISO/TC 44/SC 10 via the member body in the user's country, a complete listing of which can be found at
www.iso.org.
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Copyright International Organization for Standardization v
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Copyright International Organization for Standardization

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22827-1:2005(E)
Acceptance tests for Nd:YAG laser beam welding machines —

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Machines with optical fibre delivery —

Part 1:
Laser assembly
1 Scope
This part of ISO 22827 specifies basic requirements and test methods for acceptance testing of high-power
(average power more than 100 W), lamp-pumped or laser-diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser beam welding
machines for seam welding with optical fibre delivery systems.
The requirements can also be applied as a part of verification testing as part of maintenance, as appropriate.
If modifications are made to a laser beam machine (rebuilding, repairs, modifications to the operating
conditions, etc.) that have an effect on the acceptance testing, a repeat test may be necessary to cover the
machine parameters affected by such modifications.
This part of ISO 22827 applies to the beam generating system, the optical delivery system and the devices for
shielding and assist gases.
NOTE The moving mechanism is covered by ISO 22827-2.
This part of ISO 22827 can be applied as a part of the acceptance conditions for the delivery of the optic laser
beam welding cell.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 11553-1, Safety of machinery — Laser processing machines — Part 1: General safety requirements
ISO 11554, Optics and photonics — Lasers and laser-related equipment — Test methods for laser beam
power, energy and temporal characteristics
ISO 15614-11, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Welding
procedure test — Part 11: Electron and laser beam welding
ISO 17662, Welding — Calibration, verification and validation of equipment used for welding, including
ancillary activities
ISO 22827-2, Acceptance tests for Nd:YAG laser beam welding machines — Machines with optical fibre
delivery — Part 2: Moving mechanism
IEC 60204-1, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General requirements
IEC 60825-1, Safety of laser products — Part 1: Equipment classification, requirements and user's guide

Copyright International Organization for Standardization 1
ISO 22827-1:2005(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
laser assembly
laser device together with specific, normally optical, mechanical and/or electrical components for beam
handling and forming
[ISO 11145:2001, 3.27]
4 Environmental conditions and operating conditions of acceptance tests
4.1 Installation environment
Laser beam welding machines shall be installed in welding cells, which also include moving mechanisms for
the welding head and/or the component to be welded.
The laser beam machine shall be erected and installed in such a way that the processing operation is not
disturbed by environmental factors, e.g. vibrations, large temperature variations, contaminated atmosphere.
The conditions specified by the laser system manufacturer shall be fulfilled during erection and installation.
4.2 Power supply
The electricity supply shall be sufficient to power the laser beam welding machine and cooling system.
Voltage fluctuations shall be within ± 10 % of the voltage specified by the laser beam welding machine
manufacturer.
4.3 Cooling system
The temperature, flow rate, water pressure and quality of water used in the cooling system shall be in
accordance with the requirements of the laser beam welding machine manufacturer.
When industrial water or ground water is used for cooling, installation of a particle filter or other system may
be necessary to prevent impurities from entering the cooling system and to obtain the required water quality.
Low-quality cooling water may result in contamination of the inner surfaces of hoses, pipes and heat
exchangers, which can reduce water flow rates and diminish the efficiency of heat exchangers. This can result
in overheating and failure of the laser beam machine.
4.4 Pumping light source
Replacement of the pumping light sources (lamps or laser diodes) is a major maintenance operation which
can necessitate renewed testing of beam power, in particular if the replacement light sources do not comply
with the original specification.
4.5 Shielding and assist gas
If a shielding gas or assist gas is used, they shall be in accordance with the relevant welding procedure
specification and of the required quality.
4.6 Operating instruction for users
Technical information necessary for operation, maintenance and control of the Nd:YAG laser beam welding
machines, and at least the minimum information related to the safety of laser processing machines, shall be
provided by the supplier.
2
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ISO 22827-1:2005(E)
5 Acceptance test
5.1 General
Acceptance testing of laser machines shall include at least the tests as specified in 5.2 to 5.5 and a test of
accuracy of the moving mechanism (see ISO 22827-2).
5.2 Check of parts
It shall be checked that all specified parts of the equipment are available and properly installed.
5.3 Acceptance tests for laser power and optical system
5.3.1 Testing of laser power
5.3.1.1 Laser power
The laser power shall be measured in accordance with ISO 11554.
5.3.1.2 Testing of stability of laser power
The stability of the laser power is classified as follows:
A: Very high stability
B: High stability
C: Ordinary stability
D: Low stability
The laser power stability shall be measured in accordance with ISO 11554. However, the stability shall only be
measured only after a warm-up period of at least 30 min and during a time interval of 20 min at maximum and
minimum power, respectively in accordance with Table 1.
Table 1 — Range of stability of laser power
Acceptance criteria for class

Item
A B C D
Stability at the maximum rated power ± 1,5 % ± 2,5 % ± 5,0 % ± 10 %

Stability at the minimum rated power ± 1,5 % ± 2,5 % ± 5,0 % ± 10 %
Measurement of the stability of the laser power shall be made at the laser beam output port of the laser device.
However, when measurement at the laser beam output port of the laser device is not possible, measurements
may be taken on the processing surface after optical fibre beam delivery.
5.3.2 Acceptance criteria for optical system
The beam power shall be measured before and after the optical system at maximum beam power. The optical
system includes the fibre and also the final processing optics, if specified. The power loss of the optical
system shall be within the value specified.
However, if measurement of the beam power before the optical system is not possible, measurement of power
loss can be omitted.
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ISO 22827-1:2005(E)
The bending curvature of the optical fibre, during and after installation, shall be verified not to exceed the
specified value along the whole length of the installation.
5.3.3 Acceptance tests for optical observation system

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The maximum deviation between the centre indication on the monitor (such as the cross-line indicated in the
visual field of the optical observation system) and the centre position of the beam actually emitted on the work
shall be in accordance with Table 2.
Table 2 — Range of accuracy of optical observation system
Item Acceptance criteria
Amount of deviation between monitor centre and ± 0,1 mm max.

beam centre
5.3.4 Acceptance tests for optical processing system
For acceptance testing of the optical processing system, the parameters specified in Table 3 shall be verified.
Testing of some parameters is, however, optional. A beam profiler should be used in principle, but the
processing-spot diameter may be obtained by the processing mark on a test piece.
NOTE The processing mark is different from but closely related to beam diameter.
Table 3 — Range of accuracy of optical processing system
Items Acceptance criteria
Beam-waist diameter deviation at focal point ± 0,1 mm max.

Beam-waist position deviation from the optical axis ± 1 % max. of the focal length of the
of the focal point (optional) focusing lens
Deviation of mechanical centre and irradiation
± 0,1 mm max.
position (optional)
Optical-axis deviation (optional) ± 1 mm max./100 mm
5.4 Test for laser beam safety
Nd:YAG laser beam welding machines shall satisfy the minimum safety requirements in accordance with
ISO 11553-1, IEC 60825-1 and IEC 60204-1. Compliance shall be confirmed, if required. Furthermore, the
following safety specifications shall be verified, as appropriate:
a) all interlocking systems shall operate properly;
b) all optical fibres shall be free from damage (e.g. burns, dirt, colour changes or cracks in protection);
c) the function of safety devices which interrupt the beam power, in case the beam is directed in unpermitted
directions;
d) the shut-down device, operating when an optical fibre is broken or dismantled;
e) check that required emergency stops are installed and operational;
f) laser oscillation shall stop immediately when the emergency stop signal is detected;
g) the emergency stop signal shall be simulated for the case of the system-control software freeze (looped
or halt);
h) check that the laser cannot be restarted unintentionally when an emergency stop is released.
4
ISO 22827-1:2005(E)
5.5 Test of pressures and flow rates of assist and shielding gases
The pressures and flow rates of assist and shielding gases are usually measured at either of the two
positions:
⎯ at the primary source, e.g. a gas cylinder;
⎯ at the outlet at the welding nozzle.
The instruments shall be checked by master instruments, at pressures and flow rates representative of normal
applications. See ISO 17662 for further guidance.
The accuracy of the instruments shall be in accordance with Table 4.
Table 4 — Required accuracy of instruments for measurement of gas flow and pressure
Acceptance criteria for deviation from

Item
specified value
Gas flow ± 10 % max.

Gas pressure ± 10 % max.
6 Welding test
Unless otherwise specified, a representative welding procedure test, in accordance with ISO 15614-11, shall
be carried out as part of the acceptance testing.
7 Records of test results

All tests shall be properly recorded, and the documents shall be filed as appropriate.
The following items shall be clearly stated in the report of test results:
a) type and designation of laser beam welding machine;
b) manufacturing number;
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c) date of test;
d) place of test;
e) names of persons responsible for the test;
f) welding test conditions and test results;
g) other test items and test results.
Annex A provides an example of a test report form.
Annex B shows an example of optional parameters that it is desirable to be specified and verified. However, it
should be noted that some of them are very time consuming and may be expensive to achieve.
Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved 5
ISO 22827-1:2005(E)
Annex A
(informative)
Example of a test report form
Table A.1 — Example of a test report form
Model name of laser beam welding machine: Manufacturing number:

Date of test: Place of testing:
Name of tester:
Model name of power meter: Manufacturing No.:
Type of fibre, diameter of core, value of (numerical aperture) N.A.: SI (Step Index type) or
GI (Graded Index type)
Items Request Inspection items Inspection results

classification
Quantity necessary Quantity check Sufficient or

check insufficient
Laser power, ABCD — Stability for 20 min at:
power stability
and other necessary — maximum rated power %
or
laser — minimum rated power %
parameters not necessary
— maximum output (processing surface) W
— Minimum output (processing surface) W
— Calculated power loss Delta W
— Transmission %
Implementation — Beam quality M2: M2 value:
necessary
— beam parameter product mm × mrad
or
not necessary — raw beam diameter or width, x/y mm
— Reproducibility of power setting %
— For 8 h stability %
— Warm-up time for maximum power min
stability
— Delay time at 90 % ms
— Beam profile data Desirable if available
Observation necessary
optical or — Monitor centre-position deviation ± mm
system not necessary
Processing necessary — Beam-waist diameter ± mm
optical or mm
— Beam-waist position deviation
system not necessary
— Deviation of mechanical centre and
irradiation position ± mm
± mm/100 mm
— Optical-axis deviation
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ISO 22827-1:2005(E)
Table A.1 (continued)
Items Request Inspection items Inspection

classification results
Safety necessary — Interlock

— Damaged part of fibre, if any
— Fibre mounting structure
— Fibre break signal
— Indication of emergency stop
— Central control of emergency stop
— Other items for emergency stop
Gas necessary — Gas pressure ± %
or — Gas flow rate ± %
not necessary
Welding test necessary — Test items determined in advance
between the parties concerned
or Check the test
(If necessary, refer to the example of welding items
not necessary
procedure specifications given in
ISO 15609-4.)
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ISO 22827-1:2005(E)
Annex B
(informative)
Optional parameters
Table B.1 — Example of optional parameters desirable to be specified and tested
Parameters relating to beam quality M2 value (beam propagation ratio)

and BPP (Beam Parameter Product):
— beam diameter,
— times, beam,
— divergence angle (full angle),
— dimension (mm × mrad).
Focus spot dimensions Spot diameter or width x and y (µm × µm) or
average of both
Raw beam diameter or width x and y (at
specified location) (mm × mm) or average of
both
Reproducibility of power setting ± %
Output power stability during 8 h ± %
Warm-up time for maximum power stability at min
work piece
Delay time between trigger signal and optical ms
output emission at 90 % of the rated power
Beam profile data Desirable if available
Pulse data
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8
ISO 22827-1:2005(E)
Bibliography
[1] ISO 11145:2001, Optics and optical instruments — Lasers and laser-related equipment — Vocabulary
and symbols
[2] ISO 15609-4, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Welding
procedure specification — Part 4: Laser beam welding
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ISO 22827-1:2005(E)
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ICS 25.160.30
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INTERNATIONAL ISO

Acceptance tests for Nd:YAG laser beam

Copyright International Organization for Standardization © ISO 2005

© ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

⎯ Part 1: Laser assembly

⎯ Part 2: Moving mechanism

© ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Copyright International Organization for Standardization

Acceptance tests for Nd:YAG laser beam welding machines —

Machines with optical fibre delivery —

NOTE The moving mechanism is covered by ISO 22827-2.

© ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

3 Terms and definitions

[ISO 11145:2001, 3.27]

4 Environmental conditions and operating conditions of acceptance tests

4.1 Installation environment

4.2 Power supply

4.3 Cooling system

4.4 Pumping light source

4.5 Shielding and assist gas

4.6 Operating instruction for users

5.2 Check of parts

5.3 Acceptance tests for laser power and optical system

5.3.1 Testing of laser power

5.3.1.1 Laser power

The laser power shall be measured in accordance with ISO 11554.

5.3.1.2 Testing of stability of laser power

The stability of the laser power is classified as follows:

A: Very high stability

Table 1 — Range of stability of laser power

Acceptance criteria for class

Stability at the maximum rated power ± 1,5 % ± 2,5 % ± 5,0 % ± 10 %

5.3.2 Acceptance criteria for optical system

© ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

5.3.3 Acceptance tests for optical observation system

Table 2 — Range of accuracy of optical observation system

Item Acceptance criteria

Amount of deviation between monitor centre and ± 0,1 mm max.

5.3.4 Acceptance tests for optical processing system

Table 3 — Range of accuracy of optical processing system

Items Acceptance criteria

Beam-waist diameter deviation at focal point ± 0,1 mm max.

5.4 Test for laser beam safety

a) all interlocking systems shall operate properly;

d) the shut-down device, operating when an optical fibre is broken or dismantled;

e) check that required emergency stops are installed and operational;

⎯ at the primary source, e.g. a gas cylinder;

⎯ at the outlet at the welding nozzle.

The accuracy of the instruments shall be in accordance with Table 4.

Acceptance criteria for deviation from

Gas flow ± 10 % max.

7 Records of test results

a) type and designation of laser beam welding machine;

e) names of persons responsible for the test;

f) welding test conditions and test results;

g) other test items and test results.

Annex A provides an example of a test report form.

Example of a test report form

Table A.1 — Example of a test report form