Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics 8th Edition Solution Manual
Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics 8th Edition Solution Manual
Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics 8th Edition Solution Manual
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Solution 1.1
A
F CD V 2
2
or
2F
CD , where
V 2A
F MLT 2 , ML 3, V LT 1, A L2
Thus,
2
MLT
CD M 0 L0T 0
3 1 2
ML LT L2
Hence, C D is dimensionless.
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V
Ma ,
kRT
where k is a dimensionless constant and R is the specific gas constant for air. Show that M a
is dimensionless.
Solution 1.2
ML
We denote the dimension of temperature by and use Newton’s second law to get F .
T2
Then
L L
T T
Ma
1
FL ML L2
M T 2F T2
or
Ma 1.
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(a) Volume, (b) acceleration, (c) mass, (d) moment of inertia (area), and (e) work.
Solution 1.3
a) volume L3
1
LT 2
b) acceleration time rate of change of velocity LT
T
c) mass M
2
or with F MLT
mass FL 1T 2
d) moment of inertia area second moment of area L2 L2 L4
e) work force distance FL
2
or with F MLT
work ML2T 2
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Problem 1.4
Verify the dimensions, in both the FLT and the MLT systems, of the following quantities,
which appear in Table B.1 Physical Properties of Water (BG/EE Units).
(a) Angular velocity, (b) energy, (c) moment of inertia (area), (d) power, and (e) pressure.
Solution 1.4
angular displacement 1
a) angular velocity T
time
b) energy ~ capacity of body to do work
single work force distance ➔ energy FL
2 2
or with F MLT ➔ energy MLT L ML2T 2
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Problem 1.5
Verify the dimensions, in both the FLT system and the MLT system, of the following
quantities, which appear in Table B.1 Physical Properties of Water (BG/EE Units).
(a) Frequency, (b) stress, (c) strain, (d) torque, and (e) work.
Solution 1.5
cycles
a) frequency = T 1
time
force F 2
b) stress = 2 FL
area L
Since F MLT 2 ,
2
MLT
stress 2
ML 1T 2
L
change in length L
c) strain = L0 dimensionless
length L
2
d) torque = force distance FL MLT L ML2 T 2
2
e) work = force distance FL MLT L ML2 T 2
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Problem 1.6
If u is velocity, x is length, and t is time, what are the dimensions (in the MLT system) of
(a) u / t , (b) 2 u / x t , and (c) ( u / t )dx?
Solution 1.6
1
u LT 2
a) LT
t T
2
u LT 1 2
b) T
x t ( L )(T )
1
u LT
c) x (L) L2T 2
t T
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Problem 1.7
Verify the dimensions, in both the FLT system and the MLT system, of the following
quantities, which appear in Table B.1 Physical Properties of Water (BG/EE Units).
(a) Acceleration, (b) stress, (c) moment of a force, (d) volume, and (e) work.
Solution 1.7
velocity L 2
a) acceleration 2 LT
time T
force F
b) stress 2 FL 2
area L
Since F MLT 2 ,
2
MLT
stress 2
ML 1T 2
L
2
c) moment of a force force distance FL MLT L ML2T 2
d) volume (length)3 L3
2
e) work force distance FL MLT L ML2T 2
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Problem 1.8
If p is pressure, V is velocity, and is fluid density, what are the dimensions (in the MLT
system) of (a) p / , (b) pV , and (c) p / V 2?
Solution 1.8
2
p FL MLT 2 L 2
ML 1T 2
a) 3 3 3
L2T 2
ML ML ML
b) pV ML 1T 2
LT 1
ML 3
M 2 L 3T 3
p ML 1T 2
c) 2
M 0 L0T 0 dimensionless
V 3 1 2
ML LT
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Problem 1.9
If P is force and x is length, what are the dimensions (in the FLT system) of (a) dP / dx ,
(b) d 3 P / dx3, and (c) P dx ?
Solution 1.9
dP F 1
a) FL
dx L
d 3P F 3
b) 3
3
FL
dx L
c) Pdx FL
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Problem 1.10
If V is velocity, is length, and is a fluid property (the kinematic viscosity) having
2 1
dimensions of L T , which of the following combinations are dimensionless: (a) V ,
(b) V , (c) V 2 , and (d) V ?
Solution 1.10
1
a) V LT L L2T 1
L4T 2
not dimensionless
1
V LT L
b) L0T 0 dimensionless
2 1
LT
1 2
c) V 2 LT L2T 1
L4T 3
not dimensionless
1
V LT
2
d) L not dimensionless
2 1
L LT
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Problem 1.11
The momentum flux is given by the product mV , where m is mass flow rate and V is velocity.
If mass flow rate is given in units of mass per unit time, show that the momentum flux can
be expressed in units of force.
Solution 1.11
M L L F T2
mV M F
T T T2 ML
1 2
FT
where comes from Newton’s Second Law.
gc M L
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where V0 is a reference velocity equal to 1000 ft/min. Find the units of the “constant” 0.027.
Solution 1.12
Solving for the constant gives
pL
0.027 1.82
.
L V
D1.22 Vo
in. H2 O
0.027 1.82
ft
ft min
in.1.22 ft
min
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Solution 1.13
L4 FL 2
3 1
LT
8 FL 2T L
L3T 1
L3T 1
8
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Problem 1.14
Show that each term in the following equation has units of lb/ft3 . Consider u as velocity, y
as length, x as length, p as pressure, and as absolute viscosity.
2
p u
0 .
x y2
Solution 1.14
lb
p ft 2 or
p lb
,
x ft x ft3
and
ft
2 2
u lb sec sec u lb
or .
y2 ft 2 ft 2 y2 ft3
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