Expert Workshop Series

Standards comparison
IEC/IEEE 62271-37-013
version 2015 vs. 2021

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Agenda

Topic Presenter

1 Standards IEC/IEEE62271-37-013 version 2015 vs 2021 Fabian Rademacher

2 Generator Circuit Breaker for synchronous condenser application Hong Urbanek

3 Introducing our new Generator Circuit Breaker HB1-C Edouard Desplanche

4 General Q&A All

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Table of contents

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 Power Generation
Configuration and Components
Generator

Connection

Generator Breaker Switchgear

Generator Step Up Transformer
(GSUT)

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Generator Circuit-Breaker Switchgear
Advantages of its implementation in a power plant

Advantages of a GCB
GCB
AT

G
LV
Grid

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Generator Circuit-Breaker Switchgear
Advantages of its implementation in a power plant

Q Improve protection
✓ Of the Generator Step-Up transformer, the Generator & the auxiliary transformer

T
Offer increased power plant availability
✓ Simpler operating procedures and high degree of selectivity

Refine security of supply

✓ Auxiliaries can be supplied while maintenance is performed on the generator
GCB
AT Provide utmost reliable synchronization
✓ One switching operation on medium voltage side of transformer only
G
LV
Grid

Generator circuit-breaker increase both security & availability of the power plant

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Advantage of Generator Circuit-Breaker´s implementation
Unit Protection Concept

There are three types of classes of tripping:

▪ Class A, for serious electrical faults of the generator, generator transformer and unit auxiliary transformer like
3 phase fault, stator earth fault etc. and is considered to be the most dangerous in terms of the shock on the
unit.
• → generator & turbine are tripped simultaneously & instantly.

▪ Class B, for all turbine faults which are mechanical in nature.

• → it is safe to first trip the turbine and then the generator through low forward power interlock.

▪ Class C, for all faults beyond the generator system which can be cleared by tripping of the generator
transformer HV side circuit breaker alone.
• → Turbine set runs and generator continues to feed the unit auxiliary transformer.

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Advantage of Generator Circuit-Breaker´s implementation
Unit Protection – optimization of tripping class A

Without GCB With GCB

• Class A trip involves a serious electrical fault Optimization of class A, by creation of sub-class:
like differential, stator earth fault etc. and is • Class A-1 trip is mainly for faults in GSUT and UT. In this
considered to be the most dangerous in terms class, trip goes to following equipment without time
of the shock on the unit. Since it involves delay:
serious electrical faults, this will cause tripping − Turbine.
of the:
− Generator Breaker (GCB).
− Turbine
− HV CB.
− generator transformer HV CB,
− AT VCB and Field Breaker.
− tripping of AT VCB,
→ Increased protection & faster shut-down of GSUT
− auto-changeover from AT to ST for & UT.
auxiliaries,
− Field breaker.
• Class A-2 trip is for faults in generator. In this class, trip
goes to following equipment without time delay:
− Turbine,
− Generator breaker (GCB),
− Field breaker.
→ Decreased time to re-start the unit with
uninterrupted power to the Unit bus and auxiliaries.
Source: International Conference on Science and Engineering for Sustainable Development (ICSESD-2017) - Special Issue-2

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Advantage of Generator Circuit-Breaker´s implementation
Improving protection of your assets

System Failure in a Generator Step-Up Transformer

Shorting of a HV Shorting of a MV Flash over across Shorting across few Shorting across tap
HVCB conducter to ground conducter to ground bushing turns changer Fault location

10% 5% 30% 30% 25% Probability

GSUT

Very high rate of rise of internal pressure Medium high rate of rise of internal pressure Consequences

Generator Step-Up Transformer Rupture Potential damage

Generator
Source: B.Culver, K. Fröhlich, L. Widenhorn, Prevention of Tank Rupture of Faulted Transformer by Generator Circuit Breaker, ETEP Vol.6, No. 1, January/February 1996

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Advantage of Generator Circuit-Breaker´s implementation
Improving protection of your assets

Resulting short-circuit current at fault location in GSUT without GCB:

System Isc HVCB
interruption
IS + I G

IS
HVCB IG

T
tens of ms seconds
GSUT
Resulting over-pressure in GSUT tank:
P
IG Limit of tank
withstand

GSUT explosion
Generator
T
tens of ms seconds
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Advantage of Generator Circuit-Breaker´s implementation
Improving protection of your assets

Resulting short-circuit current at fault location in GSUT with GCB:

System Isc HVCB
interruption
IS + I G
GCB
IS interruption
HVCB IG

T
tens of ms
GSUT
Resulting over-pressure in GSUT:
P
IG GCB Limit of tank
withstand

Generator
T
tens of ms
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Power transmission and distribution
Importance of Generator Circuit Breaker and Distribution Circuit Breaker

Carrying of continuous Reliable interruption of

Sufficient insulation
current current

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Generation and distribution networks
Comparison

Generation networks Distribution networks

TT DT Consumer
G GSUT
GCB Z

▪ Higher system inductance ▪ Lower system inductance

▪ Short connection ▪ Long transmission line or cable
▪ Low earth capacitance ▪ Higher earth capacitance
▪ Switching duty: inductive ▪ Switching duties: inductive and capacitive

TT – Transmission Transformer
DT – Distribution Transformer

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Generation and distribution networks
Short-circuit currents

Generation networks

I (kA)
G GSUT
GCB

GCB

RG LG RGSUT LGSUT

t (ms)
CG iscG CGSUT

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Generation and distribution networks
Short-circuit currents

Generation networks

I (kA)
G GSUT
GCB

GCB t (ms)

RG LG RGSUT LGSUT

CG iscT CGSUT

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Generation and distribution networks
Short-circuit currents

Distribution networks
I (kA)

TT DT Consumer

CB
t (ms)
RTT LTT RDT LDT

u CTT isc CDT

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Generation and distribution networks
Transient Recovery Voltage & Rate of Rise Recovery Voltage

Generation networks Distribution networks

GCB
CB

RG LG RGSUT LGSUT RTT LTT RDT LDT

u CG iscT CGSUT u CTT isc CDT

CG, CGSUT << CTT, CDT >>

LG, LGSUT >> LTT, LDT <<
U (kV)

U (kV)
t (ms) t (ms)

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Application of Circuit-Breaker in generator network
Impact on the circuit-breaker selection

Distribution
Distribution breakers
breakers Generator
Generator breakers
breakers
System source &
Breaking capability
Breaking capability Rated short circuit current (Isc) generator-source
short-circuit current
Degree ofDegree
asymmetry
of asymmetry
(at e.g. 50
(atms)
e.g. 50 ms) 33% 130%

Peak / making current

Peak / making current 2.5Isc 2.74Isc

Amplitude
Amplitude
of transient
of transient
recovery
recovery
voltage
voltage
(TRV)
(TRV) 1.72Ur 1.84Ur

Rate-of-rise
Rate-of-rise
of recovery
of recovery
voltage voltage
(RRRV)(RRRV) e.g. 0.47 kV/µs e.g. 4.5 kV/µs

Out-of-phase
Out-of-phase
breaking capability
breaking capability 0.25Isc 0.5Isc at 75%

Out-of-phase RRRV
Out-of-phase RRRV e.g. 0.35 kV/µs e.g. 4.1 kV/µs

Required/ applicable standard IEC 62271-100 IEC/IEEE 62271-37-013

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IEC/IEEE 62271-37-013:2021
Summary of Update of version 2015

Comparison of IEC/IEEE 62271-37-013 version 2015 and 2021

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IEC/IEEE 62271-37-013:2021
Summary of Update of version 2015

• New wording: GCB systems which is implementing additional equipment such as disconnectors, earthing
switches, etc. also covering enclosure

• Implementation of mech. Class M3

• Implementation of Tee-Off switches

• Introduction of Low Frequency Switching

• Updated information of the rating plate

• General test parameters did not change

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IEC/IEEE 62271-37-013:2021
GCB system

2015 2021
• Only covered a single GCB • Covering Disconnectors and earthing switches,
BtB switches as well as SFC disconnectors
• Influence of IPB connection
• Enclosure as one integral part of a GCB system, if
applicable

• Influence of IPB connection

• Precise definition on how to design a current path

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Generator circuit-breaker system type HB1-C tested as per latest version
Configuration of the I-shape design in horizontal installation

Integrated
main-disconnector

Generator
Circuit-Breaker

Earthing switch Earthing switch

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IEC/IEEE 62271-37-013:2021
Mechanical class M3

2015 2021
• Mechanical class M1: 1 000 operating cycles (Standard • Mechanical class M1: 1 000 operating cycles (Standard
generator circuit breaker) generator circuit breaker, main disconnector, starting
switch, BtB switch, braking switch)
• Mechanical class M2: 3 000 operating cycles (Generator
circuit breaker for special service requirements) • Mechanical class M2: 3 000 operating cycles (Generator
circuit breaker, main disconnector, starting switch, BtB
switch, braking switch for special service requirements)

• Mechanical class M3: 10 000 operating cycles

(Generator circuit breaker, main disconnector, starting
switch, BtB switch, braking switch for special service
requirements)

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IEC/IEEE 62271-37-013:2021
Tee-Off switches

2021
• Tee-off breakers have to handle similar short-circuit
current requirements as main GCB
• Parallel contribution of HV grid and generator can
lead to more severe conditions
• Additional fault location has to be considered F2
• Fault scenarios have to be simulated thoroughly

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Key
takeaways

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IEC/IEEE 62271-37-013:2021
Key Takeaways

✓ Tee-Off switches introduced

✓ Wording: GCB system
✓ Type tested GCBs as per version 2015 stays valid
✓ Explanation on how to design a switchgear
✓ New definitions (Mechnical class etc.) to cover different applications
✓
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 Expert
Fabian Rademacher
Product Lifecycle Management
Smart Infrastructure

Nonnendammallee 104
13629 Berlin
Germany

Mobil +49 (173) 3821552

E-Mail [email protected]

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Contact
Published by Siemens 2023
Smart Infrastructure
Electrification & Automation
Mozartstraße 31 C
91052 Erlangen
Germany
For the U.S. published by
Siemens Industry Inc.
100 Technology Drive
Alpharetta, GA 30005
United States

© Siemens 2023
Subject to changes and errors. The information given in this
document/video only contains general descriptions and/or performance
features which may not always specifically reflect those described, or which
may undergo modification in the course of further development of the
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are expressly agreed upon in the concluded contract.
All product designations may be trademarks or other rights of Siemens, its
affiliated companies or other companies whose use by third parties for their
own purposes could violate the rights of the respective owner.

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