age Na

Dete YOUVA
CH-3
CLASSLEICATION OF ELEMENTS AND
PERIODICTY IN PROPERTIES
Dobesefne 's Tiade

The middlo lement d esth f e ads

ziad& had
had
otomfc Loelat haH LOAY tomfc elg hiC

A tomic Atomic
A tomic
5lemor LOelah Elemet eh Elemend

L 35.5
Na 23
80
39 184 127

NEOLAND'S LALD OF oTAVEG

In I95dahn Noland had dfcoveaed co 0t otaves

He aana.ed the eloments n nureasing arden of
thez atomc
atomfcL0eahs and nthedthnt eve elgii
elomot nad popchti.o mla s cleme
etnttonxatp NeLOlond lat o4 Ocave seemed
onlyor lemenk uplo Calc furo

NENDE LEEVS PERIOD LAL

La_Statt4 t h e phssical ond

Mendeleev S perindi
elomed 0De the peiodiC
of
ChemPeo pzpeniios
tnei uOeiqhi
hunctiono
TABlE
CHARACTERISTICS o MENDE LEEV'S PERIODIC

LO@ voatHca Coloum&

peaiodic aldo
 Date YOUVA

D Each a0 up ic
Calleà qxcup omI o
stub gzoup-i A Gnd B
dlvide d Into
nomed03 p0a-iods
hain. onda
OhfchLOC huathe dlvidadinto 12 seieA.
o healemeniS1OCoStillundisove
H pcpotcd SOmo

tnohkt sevehalp
eREaAluminiuoGaltiu
MODE RN PERIOOIC LALo

NodonO pozicdfc lau States tht phualca ond chemica

propeatoss elemonS peiodi funtto
atomfc no

Featur

1% veHcel ColDun9 called zoup

upAkall cnctols
DpAkali eaatn melal

lb n
0up OxygongPcup (chodcogen)
arbup alngen&
9Toup Noblo 0Ob0)

Hoat20t4 rOLOS
coled pciodc
pcaiods
period 2elememshHa)
peaid elemeyis a E
period- (LBe-..N)
ADoiod 1 _elementt(Na,
elemonie
Ma A
6 eath
pi 32 Qmchie
 ate

Testoxhan (ba
oth Beom no
NDMENCLATR of elemecds

heK
n
Un Sept
bct
enn
taf
quc
pent

2 1 1 9

aome unun enn*um

Electronic CenPo uaaton

ns(n-2)>(n-) n8p
16 22p

s.p.df block elemenS

5-BLOCk ELENENT

elemenH& n Dhfch last c n e tn scabita a

ouiCono.stshell 0 called shlo ck
Hhnefs eSpeve
elermeriS havo
maximum 2 hartcae
As Can have

up-4(Aka, meta0)
ioup.2 Alk eoth met ala)

Grenc tonl n s
Sot roedo0S point
louD poe ha2 biling pofnt
Eledropostauo an melallic elemeniS and strcn àeducik9
agent
 Date

P-BLOCk ELEmENTG

entcsin n 8pP
Elenenis in Ohich lost
pbockelemeni&
Lanbils are called 1.
thuS Six gmOup
Psubshell Con accomndae 6 C
rcup 1b to 1&
x x c u p 9 - p n i C t o g e n s

COup|6 Cholcogens
tup -Halogcns
Csroup& Noble 20
o
xenanaCondia ns Dp contistsf metals 2
non-meAelk out
IThere genCnall
meiolloiclk

D-BLOCK ELEmEN

n Ohith a entOu 1n ohe ot innor

tementS
d cabial e d-block eleme
called
Snce taprO con be 10 taunaLo Ibg7aupe tm
a aoup3 to 12
Pepeoafes betoccn thase S-blo cHS ond p-block
elemeris Are Calle ronslion olemontS
egral ConS (na)d n
Ne-alc o igh meltina pivd
F-BLOCK ELEmENTS

Eloments n Onich lot entes n cobhtol as

called bleck elemenis
Call lnnitrongrionelemeni
Thfs block Condaf'hgS Lland bi seies
Elemonds of Seat0LonihanoFda
 rOUVA

Elemenls of 5Sseaies AcaPnofS

nera
C x e n e r t

coni 9 0 6 s 5 elt-
AlL adfncids are aadioocheond Lantacan.otd.c
knoLen as btctnth elemen is

PERIOD C TRENDS IN PAOPERTIES of ELEMENTS

AtomicradiuS he diatonce tne contre at the

putleus Duteaogst Shell Co aininQ e

Vaziodicn alongne periad

fHomczadius
added o some Shel,fectvenuce@ chorge nereaneA-

SVorlotian in he QouP

Atomic 30du inuro.Obe) doLOn the gnup Q> Shel ints0Ae

paincfpal alucrum Antreabeh i t aadiu inuuase.

TYPES OP ATOmic PADIOS

nvalen RadC

Cmbnin otomS are non-mei dth é rdius Ys call

CVGlont zadius
heDn-hal he dsBano betocen necendreSs
c Duclei o tu0o Chvolen bondedotom9

metalfc Redius
D aa b Ahe nt-cxnutlea
Ane dRLan@ sepratn9
meta COS.
 Vand ez OC Rodius

nodi Rg
In obe ot Oblegan0 the atomfc
Vando tatA dit
orC 10 LOe
LOeak
Covalent o dl
Vondor wall m u c h
muchLgenha

VOgrl0ion_ Rn Ronc rodiuu

badiu
onic Jadi shoosSame tond 0> atomic
Tn Case of soelectronfc specoo
Tenfeadiu a&
nuden dak

JONI2 ATmON ENERY

he
lhe minfmumomcun of ene uired o
an o m solaled ganetub odomln is qcund Stoe)

Xtg) te Artte

encgy requve remove moSt LooSdu boun & 9

collod S oniz.ainn eneig
Ond
Smibeluencngles reauiro enmove

sucessivee gve called Ond sutestiveoni20ten

eneng

No ho-

Fa chos

OStreening eiSi elding effect

 hh he YOUVA
Date

- Screeningelfeet 00sio7to emsNe

oGkel unde,
and lescor9s anizotion
enthalpy
Nucleo dhtunae
onzatico enonQ intuebe 3 nucl e charge inCYcato)
because LDOuld bo more
antia baund

Yenetraten elfeel

Yengtation etfed is moo LDI be cleser to

to

nuclou& honte s e Cmou engnqy I be equiYed.

VARAmON OF TONI2ATON ENTHRLPY IN FaIODC THBe

OAlon aperiod
Tncrcase alona the pehiad OS increa.tod nucloachoge-
Outtecahs t h e Shielafng fot acreS a pezitd.
Tt mavimum on oble qaCA

nd
olementsin 9 3 L p t s kighez
Sxephien
1ionizotion onttaulpuy c
tanthe cULOApondng olemom o 13 arap
rl -ele ctron highethan
penetrodion poLOO
LODuld be 0sioz emave an
p-electrcn hente
n8 electron.
Qlectron sm npeletron

roup S greatez than

Tt o elements

l hal 9lo Cendiqtne

930up 16 because
be mo Stable

(Toup-15

roup-6 T
nP
 Vou hon An ghoup

On movinq daon ioniz.0to enthalpy de Cxo0b60

e hen to
She .an chO0renadomic rodiu intrueo)
eo be eo 2aembued

Elecron aan entholp

henan e is addd to gabeeoob atom n its q Da

Stoe to conueel nto ve o n AhalpyCh0ngp

accompanmg the proco s called electron adin erthcipy

At Aa

e t r tVe Cendothetmfe) Aet -ve Cextheunf)

Factca

2
AtomiCadius AS atomicSze Ancre.apoS tne
electron gafn ethlpy ve

Nutleaz choae AS nuclet horaeAnoLas, atomic

ele Ctren gofn
Size oleCoc, Cs hen (o a as enlhalpy loeCome momo -8

Electronf Con In coe a hai Flled full

Plle Ourer She becauo he hghe
Stolsilh mobe endnau need t be Supplled

VARI ATON

Alo aperic

on movng leti a h t Ze
Zet intteaOS hen t0
fz detne 0 Youlug
qnentholpy betcme m.c Ve

V orl ation
alon

Dn movins doLDn a grDuPthe otomfnuu

Ond hen o the distcnco betcon
nucleuS andincmnq
HauStta v . a l u e a gcTn erthalpy
becomes leSs - v e

ELECTBONE(AnVTY

Vasiation alonga period

on movng e o afahas Z inarean Sze

odration betuoe on
detene due to incneAe
the Outer electrons and nucleu

Voiotion along q ghoup

On mbvingdoLOn a q7oup the atomfc S2einco ap t

Ce ctrachcn bekLocon valenco Cind nulet

deto hen electronaaceti decHoRA.
doDn e
Along
Poaiodic prcnHO pe-lod

lanizaHon entapy
AtomPe d l u
onfcodiu
Cmore -ve), lese -ve
Eledron n enthay
Elecironeaahi
Metalli daanttte
lD melallicchGIttez
 Relatfonship
Diog.onc
2(Beaylli un
(Lthiun)and
4
f a t ckmen
ga0up many
many

to E _dihic
tup 13 -12 (B nea
hespecAe
and g m o t n e members ne

gcup
beny lhum
benylaum
Afum and
Hfum
behaviou aa the
Tye td he elemen
t h second
simil do 0 _ ddiogonak
0s ogonal
Ss mpru isCom.mont
areiterued o
9roup
relatonship

L Be
SHa AR