Number System Ex 1.

Exercise 1.1
Fill in the blanks:
(i) (-30) + ____ = 60
(ii) (-5) + ___ = -100
(iii) (-52) + (-52) = ____
(iv) ____ + (-22) = 0
(v) ____ + (-70) = 70
(vi) 20 + 80 + ___ = 0
(vii) 75 + (-25) = ____
(viii) 171 + ___ = 0
(ix) [(-3) + (-12)] + (-77) = _____ + [(12) + (-77)]
(x) (-42) + [____ + (-23)] = [____ + 15] + ____
Solution:
(i) 90
(ii) -95
(iii) -104
(iv) 22
(v) 140
(vi) -100
(vii) 50
(viii) -171
(ix) -3
(x) +15; -42; -23

7th Maths Guide Exercise 1.1 Question 2.

Say True or False.
(i) The additive inverse of (-32) is -32
(ii) (-90) + (-30) = 60

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(iii) (-125) + 25 = -100
Solution:
(i) False
(ii) False
(iii) True

7th Maths Exercise 1.1 Question 3.

Add the following.
(i) 8 and-12 using number line.
Solution:
Starting at zero on the number line facing positive direction and move 8 steps
forward reaching 8.

Then we move 12 steps

backward to represent -12 –
and reach at -4.
∴ 8 + (-12) = -4

(ii) (-3) and (-5) using number line.

Solution:
Starting at zero on the number line facing positive direction and move 3 steps
backward reaching-3.

Then we move 5 steps backward to represent -5 and reach -8.

∴ (-3) + (-5) = -8

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(iii) (-100) + (-10)
Solution:
(-100) + (-10) = -100 – 10 = -110

(iv) 20 + (-72)
Solution:
20 + (-72) = 20 – 72 = -52

(v) 82 + (-75)
Solution:
82 + (-75) = 82 – 75 = 7

(vi) -48 + (-15)

Solution:
-48 + (-15) = -48 – 15 = -63

(vii) -225 + (-63)

Solution:
-225 + (-63) = -225 – 63 = -288

Question 4.
Thenmalar appeared for competitive exam which has negative scoring of 1
mark for each incorrect answers. In paper I she answered 25 question
incorrectly and in paper II13 questions incorrectly. Find the total reduction of
marks.
Solution:
For each incorrect question the score = -1
In paper I, score for 25 incorrect questions – 25 × (-1) = -25
In paper II, for 13 incorrect question the score = 13 × (-1) = -13
The total marks get reduced = (-25) + (-13) = -38
-38 marks will be reduced.

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Question 5.
In a quiz competition, Team A scored +30, -20, 0 and team B scored -20, 0,+30
in three successive rounds. Which team will win? Can we say that we can add
integers in any order?
Solution:
Total score of team A = [(+30) + (-20)] + 0 = (+10) + 0 = 10
Total score of team B = [(-20) + 0] + (+30)
= -20 + 30 = +10
Score of team A = Score of team B.
Yes, we say that we can add integers in any order.

Question 6.
Are (11 + 7) +10 and 11 + (7 + 10) equal? Mention the property.
Solution:
First we take (11 + 7) + 10 = 18 + 10 = 28
Now 11 + (7 + 10) = 11 + 17 = 28
In both the cases the sum is 28. ∴ (11 + 7) + 10 = 11 + (7 + 10)
This property is known as associative property of integers under addition.

Question 7.
Find 5 pairs of integers that added to 2.
Solution:
0+2=2
1+1=2
-1+3 = 2
-2 + 4 = 2
-3 + 5 =2 (and many more.)

Question 8.
The temperature at 12 noon at a certain place was 18° above zero. If it decreases
at the rate of 3° per hour at what time if would be 12° below zero?

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(i) 12 mid night
(ii) 12 noon
(iii) 10 am
(iv) 10 pm
Solution:
(iv) 10 pm
: ’Temperature at 12 noon = 18° above zero = +18°
Rate of decrease per hour = -3°
Temperature 12° below zero = -12°
-12 is 30 units to the left of+18°
Time at which it reach -12° = 303 = 10 h
10 hrs after 12 noon = 10 pm

Number System Ex 1.2

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks
(i) -44 + ____ = -88
(ii) ___ – 75 = -45
(iii) ___ – (+50) = -80
Solution:
(i) -44
(ii) 30
(iii) -30

Question 2.
Say True or False.
(i) (-675) – (-400) = -1075
(ii) 15 – (-18) is the same as 15 + 18
(iii) (-45) – (-8) = (-8) – (-45)
Solution:
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(i) False
(ii) True
(iii) False

Question 3.
Find the value of the following.
(i) -3 – (-4) using number line.
Solution:
We start at zero facing positive direction. Move 3 units backward to represent (-
3). Then turn towards the negative side and move 4 units backwards. We
reach+1.

∴ (-3) – (-4) = +1

(ii) 7 – (-10) using number line

Solution:

We start at zero facing positive direction. Move 7 units forward to represent

(+7). Then turn towards the negative side and move 10 units backwards.
We reach +17
∴ 1 – (-10) = +17

(iii) 35 – (-64)
Solution:
35 – (-64) = 35+ (Additive inverse of-64) = 35 + (+64) = 99
∴ 35 – (-64) = 99

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(iv) -200 – (+100)
Solution:
-200 – (+100) = -200 + (Additive inverse of+100) = -200 + (-100) = -300
-200 – (+100) = -300

Question 4.
Kabilan was having 10 pencils with him. He gave 2 pencils to senthil and 3 to
Karthick. Next day his father gave him 6 more pencils, from that he gave 8 to
his sister. How many pencils are left with him?
Solution:
Total pencils Kabilan had = 10
No. of pencils given to Senthil = 2
No. of pencils given to Karthick = 3.
Now number of pencils left with Kabilan = 10 – 2 – 3 = 8 – 3 = 5
Number of pencils got from his father = 6
No. total pencils Kabilan had = 5 + 6 = 11
Number of pencils given to his sister = 8
Number of pencils left with Kabilan = 11 – 8 = 3

Question 5.
A lift is on the ground floor. If it goes 5 floors down and then moves up to 10
floors from there, then in which floor will the lift be?
Solution:
Initially the lift will be in the ground floor representing ‘0’
It goes to 5 floors down ⇒ -5
Then it moves 10 floors up +10.
Now the lift will be = 0 – 5 + 10 = -5 + 10
= 5th floor (above the ground floor)

Question 6.
When Kala woke up, her body temperature was 102°F. She took medicine for

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fever. After 2 hours it was 2°F lower. What was her temperature then?
Solution:
Kala’s temperature initially = 102°F
After two hours the temperature decreased = -2°F
Now the final temperature = 102°F – 2°F = 100°F

Question 7.
What number should be added to (-17) to get -19?
Solution:
According to the problem = -17 + A number = -19
The number = -19 + 17 = -2
∴ -2 should be added to -17 to get -19

Question 8.
A student was asked to subtract (-12) from -47. He got -30. Is he correct?
Justify.
Solution:
Subtracting -12 from -47, we get
-47 – (-12) = -47 + (Additive inverse of-12)
= -47 + (+12) = -35
But the students answer is -30.
So he is not correct.

Number System Ex 1.3

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks.
(i) -80 × ____ = -80
(ii) (-10) × ____ = 20
(iii) 100 × ___ = -500
(iv) ____ × (-9) = -45

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(v) ___ × 75 = 0
Solution:
(i) 1
(ii) -2
(iii) -5
(iv) 5
(v) 0

Question 2.
Say True or False:
(i) (-15) × 5 = 75
(ii) (-100) × 0 × 20 = 0
(iii) 8 × (-4) = 32
Solution:
(i) False
(ii) True
(iii) False

Question 3.
What will be the sign of the product of the following:
(i) 16 times of negative integers.
(ii) 29 times of negative integers.
Solution:
(i) 16 is an even integer.
If negative integers are multiplied even number of times, the product is a
positive integer.
∴ 16 times a negative integer is a positive integer.

(ii) 29 times negative integer.

If negative integers are multiplied odd number of times, the product is a

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negative integer. 29 is odd.
∴ 29 times negative integers is a negative integer.

Question 4.
Find the product of
(i) (-35) × 22
(ii) (-10) × 12 × (-9)
(iii) (-9) × (-8) × (-7) × (-6)
(iv) (-25) × 0 × 45 × 90
(v) (-2) × (+50) × (-25) × 4
Solution:
(i) 35 × 22 = -770
(ii) (-10) × 12 × (-9) = (-120) × (-9) = +1080
(iii) (-9) × (-8) × (-7) × (-6) = (+72) × (-7) × (-6) = (-504) × (-6) = +3024
(iv) (-25) × 0 × 45 × 90 = 0 × 45 × 90 = 0 × 90 = 0
(v) (-2) × (+50) × (-25) × 4 = (-100) × -25 × 4 = 2500 × 4 = 10,000

Question 5.
Check the following for equality and if they are equal, mention the property.
(i) (8 – 13) × 7 and 8 – (13 × 7)
Solution:
Consider (8 – 13) × 7 = (-5) × 7 = -35
Now 8 – (13 × 7) = 8 – 91 = -83
∴ (8 – 13) × 7 ≠ 8 – (13 × 7)

(ii) [(-6) – (+8)] × (-4) and (-6) – [8 × (-4)]

Solution:
[(-6) – (+8)] × (-4) = [(-6) + (-8)] × (-4) = (-14) × (-4) = +56
Now (-6) – [8 × (-4)] = (-6) – (-32)
= (-6) + (+32) = +26
∴ [(-6) – (+8)] × (-4) ≠ (-6) – [8 × (-4)]
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(iii) 3 × [(-4) + (-10)] and [3 × (-4) + 3 × (-10)]
Solution:
Consider 3 × [(-4) + (-10)] = 3 × -14 = -42
Now [3 × (-4) + 3 × (-10)] = (-12) + (-30) = -42
Here 3 × [(-4) + (-10)] = [3 × (-4) + 3 × (-10)]
It is the distributive property of multiplication over addition.

Question 6.
During summer, the level of the water in a pond decreases by 2 inches every
week due to evaporation. What is the change in the level of the water over a
period of 6 weeks?
Solution:
Level of water decreases a week = 2 inches.
Level of water decreases in 6 weeks = 6 × 2 = 12 inches

Question 7.
Find all possible pairs of integers that give a product of -50.
Solution:
Factor of 50 are 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50.
Possible pairs of integers that gives product -50:
(-1 × 50), (1 × (-50)), (-2 × 25), (2 × (-25)), (-5 × 10), (5 × (-10))

Number System Ex 1.4

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks.
(i) (-40) ÷ ___ =40
(ii) 25 ÷ ____ = -5
(iii) ____ ÷ (-4) = 9
(iv) (-62) ÷ (-62) = ____

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Solution:
(i) -1
(ii) -5
(iii) -36
(iv) 1

Question 2.
Say True or False:
(i) (-30) ÷ (-6) = -6
(ii) (-64) ÷ (-64) is 0
Solution:
(i) False
(ii) False

Question 3.
Find the values of the following.
(i) (-75) ÷ 5
(ii) (-100) ÷ (-20)
(iii) 45 ÷ (-9)
(iv) (-82) ÷ 82
Solution:
(i) −755 = -15
(ii) −100−20 = 5
(iii) 45−9 = -5
(iv) −8282 = -1

Question 4.
The product of two integers is -135. If one number is -15. Find the other integer.
Solution:
Given the product of two integers = -135
One of them = -15

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∴ -15 × Another number = -135
Other number = −135−15 = 9
∴ The other number = 9.

Question 5.
In 8 hours duration, with uniform decrease in temperature, the temperature
dropped 24°C. How many degrees did the temperature drop each hour?
Solution:
In 8 hours the drop in temperature = 24
In 1 hour the drop in temperature = 248 = 3°
The temperature dropped 3°C every hour.

Question 6.
An elevator descends into a mine shaft at the rate of 5 m/min. If the descent
starts from 15 m above the ground level, how long will it take to reach -250 m?
Solution:
The elevator’s position = 15 m above ground level = +15 m
It should reach = -250 m
The distance to be travelled = 15 – (-250) m = 15 + (+250) m 265 m
Time taken to descend 5 m = 1 min
∴ Time required to descend 265 m = 248 = 53 min

Question 7.
A person lost 4800 calories in 30 days. If the calory loss is uniform, calculate
the loss of calory per day.
Solution:
Loss of calory in 30 days = 4800
∴ Loss of calory in 1 day = 480030 = 160 calories
∴ 160 calories lost per day.

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Question 8.
Given 168 × 32 = 5376 then fined (-5376) ÷ (-32).
Solution:
Given 168 × 32 = 5376
∴ 537632 = 168
Also, −5376−32 = 168

Question 9.
How many -4’s are there is (-20)?
Solution:
Number of -4’s in (-20) = −20−4 = 5

Question 10.
(-400) divided into 10 equal parts gives ____
Solution:
−40010 = -4

Number System Ex 1.5

Question 1.
One night in Kashmir, the temperature is -5°C. Next day the temperature is 9°C.
What is the increase in temperature?
Solution:
Temperature in the first day = -5°C
Temperature in the next day = 9°C
∴ Increase in temperature = 9°C – (-5°C)
= 9°C + (+5°C) = 14°C

Question 2.
An atom can contain protons which have a positive charge (+) and electrons
which have a negative charge (-). When an electron and a proton pair up, they
become neutral (0) and cancel the charge at. Now determine the net charge:

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(i) 5 electrons and 3 protons → -5 + 3 = -2 that is 2 electrons ⊖⊖
(ii) 6 protons and 6 electrons →
(iii) 9 protons and 12 electrons →
(iv) 4 protons and 8 electrons →
(v) 7 protons and 6 electrons →
Solution:
(ii) 6 protons and 6 electrons → (+6) + (-6) = 0
(iii) 9 protons and 12 electrons → (+9) + (-12) = 9-12 = -3 ⇒ 3
electrons ⊖⊖⊖
(iv) 4 protons and 8 electrons → (+4) + (-8) = +4 – 8 = -4 ⇒ 4
electrons ⊖⊖⊖⊖
(v) 7 protons and 6 electrons → (+7) + (-6) = +1 = 1 proton ⊕

Question 3.
Scientists use the Kelvin scale (K) as an alternative temperature scale to degrees
Celsius (°C) by the relation T°C = (T + 273)K. Convert the following to Kelvin:
(i) -275°C
(ii) 45°C
(iii) -400°C
(iv) -273°C
Solution:
(i) -275°C = (-275 + 273)K = -2K
(ii) 45°C = (45 + 273)K = 318 K
(iii) -400°C = (-400 + 273)K = -127 K
(iv) -273°C = (-273 + 273) K = 0K

Question 4.
Find the amount that is left in the student’s bank account, if he has made the
following transaction in a month. His initial balance is ₹ 690.
(i) Deposit (+) of ₹ 485

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(ii) Withdrawal (-) of ₹ 500
(iii) Withdrawal (-) of ₹ 350
(iv) Deposit (+) of ₹ 89
(v) If another ₹ 300 was withdrawn, what would the balance be?
Solution:
(i) Initial balance of student’s account = ₹ 690
Deposited amount = ₹ 485 (+)
∴ Amount left in the account = ₹ 690 + ₹ 485 = ₹ 1175

(ii) Balance in the account = ₹ 1175

Amount withdrawn = ₹ 500 (-)
Amount left = ₹ 1175 – ₹ 500 = ₹ 675

(iii) Balance in the account = ₹ 675

Amount withdrawn = ₹ 350 (-)
Amount left = ₹ 675 – ₹ 350 = ₹ 325

(iv) Balance in the account = ₹ 325

Amount deposited = ₹ 89(+)
Amount left = ₹ 325 + ₹ 89 = ₹ 414

(v) Balance in the account = ₹ 414

Amount withdrawn = ₹ 300 (-)
Amount left = ₹ 414 – ₹ 300 = ₹ 114

Question 5.
A poet Tamizh Nambi lost 35 pages of his ‘lyrics’ when his file had got wet in
the rain. Use integers, to determine the following.
(i) If Tamil Nambi wrote 5 pages per day, how many day’s work did he lose?
(ii) If four pages contained 1800 characters, (letters) how many characters were
lost?
(iii) If Tamil Nambi is paid ₹ 250 for each page produced, how much money

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did he lose?
(iv) If Kavimaan helps Tamizh Nambi and they are able to produce 7 pages per
day, how many days will it take to recreate the work lost?
(v) Tamizh Nambi pays Kavimann ₹ 100 per page for his help. How much
money does Kavimaan receive?
Solution:
Total pages lost – 35
One day work = 5 page 35
35 pages = 355 = 7 days work
∴ 7 day’s work he lost.

(ii) Number of characters in four pages = 1800

Number of characters in one page = 18004 = 450
∴ Number of characters in 35 pages = 450 × 35 = 15,750 characters

(iii) Payment for one page = ₹ 250

∴ Payment for 35 pages = ₹ 250 × ₹ 35 = ₹ 8,750

(iv) Number of pages recreated a day = 7

∴ To recreate 35 pages day’s needed = 357 = 5 days

(v) Payment of Kavimaan = ₹ 100 per page

∴ for 35 pages payment = ₹ 100 × 35 = ₹ 3,500

Question 6.
Add 2 to me. Then multiply by 5 and subtract 10 and divide new by 4 and I will
give you 15! Who am I?
Solution:
According to the problem {[(I + 2) × 5] – 10} ÷ 4 = 15
{[(I + 2) × 5] – 10} = 15 × 4 = 60
I + 2 = 705 = 14

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(I + 2) × 5 = 60 + 10 = 70
I = 14 – 2 ; I = 12

Question 7.
Kamatchi, a fruit vendor sells 30 apples and 50 pomegranates. If she makes a
profit of ? 8 per apple and loss ? 5 per pomegranate. What will be her overall
profit or loss?
Solution:
Number of apples Kamatchi sold = 30
Profit per apple = ₹ 8(+)
∴ Profit for 30 apples = 30 × 8 = ₹ 240
Number of pomegranates sold 50
Loss per pomegranate = ₹ 5(-)
Loss on selling 50 pomegranates = 50 × (-5) = ₹ -250
Overall loss = -250 + 240 = ₹ -10
i.e. loss ₹ 10.

Question 8.
During a drought, the water level in a dam fell 3 inches per week for 6
consecutive weeks. What was the change in the water level in the dam at the
end of this period?
Solution:
Water level fall per week = -3 inches
∴ Water level decrease for 6 weeks = 6 ₹ (-3) = 18 inches
∴ decrease of 18 inches of water level.

Question 9.
Buddha was born in 563 BC (BCE) and died in 483 BC (BCE). Was he alive in
500 BC (BCE)? and find his life time. (Source: Compton’s Encyclopedia)
Solution:
Years in BCC (BCE) are taken as negative integers.
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Buddha was born in -563
and died in -483
So he was alive in 500 BC (BCE)
Life time = -483 – (-563) = -483 + 563 = +80
Buddha’s life time = 80 years.

Number System Ex 1.6

Miscellaneous Practice Problems

Question 1.
What should be added to -1 to get 10?
Solution:
(-1) + a number = 10
∴ The number = 10 + 1 = 11

Question 2.

Solution:

Question 3.
Subtract 94860 from (-86945)
Solution:
-86945 – (94860) = -86945 + (Additive inverse of 94860)
= -86945 + (-94860) = -1,81,805

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Question 4.
Find the value of (-25) + 60 + (-95) + (-385)
Solution:
(-25) + 60 + (-95) + (-385) = 35 + (-95) + (-385) = -60 + (-385) = -445

Question 5.
Find the sum of (-9999) (-2001) and (-5999).
Solution:
(-9999) + (-2001) + (-5999) = -12,000 + (-5999) = -17,999

Question 6.
Find the product of (-30) × (-70) × 15.
(-30) × (-70) × 15 = (+2100) × 15 = 31,500

Question 7.
Divide-72 by 8.
Solution:
−728 = -9

Question 8.
Find two pairs of integers whose product is +15.
Solution:
(i) (+3) × (+5)
(ii) (-3) × (-5)

Question 9.
Check the following for equality.
(i) (11 + 7) + 10 and 11 + (7 + 10)
(ii) (8 – 13) × 7 and 8 – (13 × 7)
(iii) [(-6) – (+8)] × (-4) and (-6) – [8 × (-4)]
(iv) 3 × [(-4) + (-10)] and [3 × (-4) + 3 × (-10)]

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Solution:
(i) LHS = (11 + 7) + 10 = 18 + 10 = 28
RHS = 11 + (7 + 10)
= 11 + (17) = 28
LHS = RHS
∴ (11 + 7) + 10 = 11 + (7 + 10)

(ii) LHS = (8 – 13) × 7 = -5 × 7 = -35

RHS = 8 – (13 × 7) = 8 – 91 = -83
LHS ≠ RHS
∴ (8 – 13) × 7 ≠ 8 – (13 × 7)

(iii) LHS = [(-6) – (+8)] × (-4) = [(-6) + (-8)] × (-4) = (-14) × (-4) = +56
RHS = (-6) – [8 × (-4)] = -6 – (-32)
= -6 + (+32) = +26
LHS ≠ RHS
∴ [(-6) – (+8)] × (-4) ≠ (-6) – [8 × (-4)]

(iv) LHS = 3 × [(-4) + (-10)] = 3 × (-14) = -42

RHS = [3 × (-4) + 3 × (-10)] = (-12) + (-30) = -42
LHS = RHS
3 × [(-4) + (-10)] = [3 × (-4) + 3 × (-10)]

Question 10.
Kalaivani had ₹ 5000 in her bank account on 01.01.2018. She deposited ₹ 2000
in January and withdrew ₹ 700 in February. What was Kalaivani bank balance
on 01.04.2018, if she deposited ₹ 1000 and withdraw ₹ 500 in March.
Solution:
Initial bank balance = ₹ 5000 ; Total deposits: January : ₹ 2000 ; March : ₹
1000
Total deposits up to March = ₹ 5000 + ₹ 2000 + ₹ 1000 = ₹ 8000

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Amount withdrawn: February : ₹ 700 (-)
March : ₹ 500 (-)
∴ Total amount withdrawn = (-700) + (-500) ₹ -1200
Net bank balance = ₹ 8000 – ₹ 1200 = ₹ 6800

Question 11.
The price of an item x increases by ₹ 10 every year and an item y decreases by
₹ 15 every year. If in 2018, the price of x is ₹ 50 andy is ₹ 90, then which item
will be costlier in the year 2020?
Solution:
Amount increases for x every year = ₹ 10.
Price ofx in 2018 = ₹ 50 ; Price of x in 2019 = ₹ 50 + ₹ 10 = ₹ 60
Price of x in 2020 = ₹ 60 + ₹ 10 = ₹ 70 Amount decreases for y per year = ₹ 15
Price of y in 2018 = ₹ 90
Price of y in 2019 = ₹ 90 – ₹ 15 = ₹ 75
Price of y in 2020 = ₹ 75 – ₹ 15 = ₹ 60
Here 70 > 60. Item x will costlier in year 2020.

Question 12.
Match the statements in Column A and Column B.

Solution:
1. – d
2. – a
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3. – e
4. – c
5. – b

Challenge Problems

Question 13.
Say True or False.
(i) The sum of a positive integer and a negative integer is always a positive
integer.
(ii) The sum of two integers can never be zero
(iii) The product of two negative integers is a positive integer.
(iv) The quotient of two integers having opposite sign is a negative integer.
(v) The smallest negative integer is -1.
Solution:
(i) False
(ii) False
(iii) True
(iv) True
(v) False

Question 14.
An integer divided by 7 gives a result -3. What is that integer?
Solution:
According to the problem  An integer 7 = -3
∴ The integer = -3 × 7
The required integer = -21.

Question 15.
Replace the question mark with suitable integer in the equation.

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Solution:

Question 16.
Can you give 10 pairs of single digit integers whose sum is zero?
Solution:
1 + (-1) + 2 + (-2) + 3 + (-3) + 4 + (-4) + 5 + (-5) = 0

Question 17.
If P = -15 and Q = 5 find (P – Q) – (P + Q).
Solution:
Given P = 15 ; Q = 5

Question 18.
If the letters in the English alphabets A to M represent the number from 1 to 13
respectively and N represents 0 and the letters O to Z correspond from -1 to -12,
find the sum of integers for the names given below. For example,
MATH → Sum → 13 + 1 – 6 + 8 = 16
(i) YOUR NAME
(ii) SUCCESS
Solution:
Given

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(i) My name LEENA → 12 + 5 + 5 + 0 + 1 = 23
(ii) SUCCESS → (-5) + (-7) + 3 + 3 + 5 + (-5) + (-5)
= -12 + 6 + 5 + (-10) = -6 + 5 + (-10) = (-1) + (-10)
= -11

Question 19.
From a water tank 100 litres of water is used every day. After 10 days there is
2000 litres of water in the tank. How much water was there in the tank before
10 days?
Solution:
Water used for one day = 100 litres.
Water used for 10 days = 100 × 10 = 1000 litres.
After 10 days water left in the tank = 2000 litres
Initially amount of water will be = 2000 + 1000 = 3000 litres

Question 20.
A dog is climbing down into a well to drink water. In each jump it goes down 4
steps. The water level is in 20th step. How many jumps does the dog take to
reach the water level?
Solution:
The water in the well is at 20th step.
For each jump the dog goes low 4 steps. 5
∴ Number of jumps the dog to reach the water = 204 = 5 jumps

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Question 21.
Kannan has a fruit shop. He sells 1 dozen banana at a loss of ? 2 each because it
may get rotten next day. What is his loss?
Solution:
1 dozen = 12 bananas
For 1 banana loss = ₹ 2
For 12 bananas loss = ₹ 2 × 12 = ₹ 24

Question 22.
A submarine was situated at 650 feet below the sea level. If it descends 200 feet,
what is its new position?
Solution:
Position of submarine = 650 feet below sea level = -650 feet
Again the depth it descends = 200 feet below = – 200 feet
∴ Position of submarine = (-650) + (-200) = -850 feet
The submarine will be 850 feet below the sea level.

Question 23.
In a magic square given below each row, column and diagonal should have the
same sum. Find the values of x, y, and z.

Solution:
Column total = Row total = diagonal total
∴ 1 + y + (-6) = (-10) + (-3) + 4
y + (- 5) = -13 + 4
y = -9 + 5
y = -4
So 1 + (-10) + x = y + (-3) + (-2)

26
-9 + x = (-4) + (-3) + (-2)
-9 + x = -9
x = -9 + 9
x=0
Now x + (-2) + z = (-10) + (-3) + 4
0 + (-2) + z = (-13) + 4
-2 + z = -9
z = -9 + 2 = -7
z = -7
∴ x = 0, y = -4, z = -7

Measurements Ex 2.1

Question 1.
Find the area and perimeter of the following parallelograms.

Solution:
(i) Given base b = 11 cm ; height h = 3 cm
Area of the parallelogram = b × h sq. units = 11 × 3 cm2
= 33 cm2
Also perimeter of a parallelogram = Sum of 4 sides
= 11 cm + 4 cm + 11 cm + 4 cm = 30 cm
Area = 33 cm2; Perimeter = 30 cm.

(ii) Given base b = 7 cm

height h = 10 cm
Area of the parallelogram = b × h sq. units
= 7 × 10 cm2 = 70 cm2
27
Perimeter = Sum of four sides
= 13 cm + 7 cm + 13 cm + 7 cm = 40 cm
Area = 70 cm2, Perimeter = 40 cm

Question 2.
Find the missing values.

Solution:
(i) Given Base 6 = 18 cm ; Height h = 5 cm
Area of the parallelogram = b × h sq. units
= 18 × 5 cm2
= 90 cm2

(ii) Base b = 8m; Area of the parallelogram = 56 sq. m

b × h = 56
8 × A = 56
h = 568
h=7m

(iii) Given Height h = 17 mm

Area of the parallelogram = 221 sq. mm
b × h = 221
b × 17 = 221
b = 22117
b = 13 m

28
Tabulating the results, we get

Question 3.
Suresh on a parallelogram shaped trophy in a state level chess tournament. He
knows that the area of the trophy is 735 sq. cm and its base is 21 cm. What is
the height of that trophy?

Solution:
Given base 6 = 21 cm
Area of parallelogram = 735 sq. cm
b × h = 735
21 × h = 735
h = 73521
h = 35 cm
∴ Height of the trophy = 35 cm

Question 4.
Janaki has a piece of fabric in the shape of a parallelogram. Its height is 12 m
and its base is 18 m. She cuts the fabric into four equal parallelograms by
cutting the parallel sides through its mid-points. Find the area of each new
parallelogram.

29
Solution:

Area of a parallelogram = (base × height) sq. units

Base length = 182 = 9 m
Height = 122 = 6 m
Area = 9 × 6 = 54 m2
Area of each parallelogram = 54 m2

Question 5.
A ground is in the shape of parallelogram. The height of the parallelogram is 14
metres and the corresponding base is 8 metres longer than its height. Find the
cost of levelling the ground at the rate of ₹ 15 per sq. m.
Solution:

Height of the parallelogram h = 14 m

Base = 8 m longer than height
= (14 + 8) m = 22 m
Area of the parallelogram = (base × height) sq. units

30
= (22 × 14)m2 = 308 m2
Cost of levelling 1 m2 = ₹ 15
Cost of levelling 308 m2 = 308 × 15 = ₹ 4,620
Cost of levelling the ground = ₹ 4,620

Measurements Ex 2.2

Question 1.
Find the area of rhombus PQRS shown in the following figures.

Solution:
(i) Given the diagonals d1 = 16 cm ; d2 = 8 cm
Area of the rhombus = 12(d1 × d2) sq. units
= 12 × 16 × 8 cm2 = 64 cm2
Area of the rhombus = 64 cm2

(ii) Given base b = 15 cm ; Height h = 11 cm

Area of the rhombus = (base × height) sq. units
= 15 × 11 cm2 = 165 cm2
Area of the rhombus = 165 cm2

Question 2.
Find the area of a rhombus whose base is 14 cm and height is 9 cm.
Solution:

31
Given base b = 14 cm ; Height h = 9 cm
Area of the rhombus = b × h sq. units
= 14 × 9 cm2 = 126 cm2

Question 3.
Find the missing value.

Solution:
(i) Given diagonal d1 = 19 cm ; d2 = 16 cm
Area of the rhombus = 12(d1 × d2) sq. units = 12 × 19 × 16
= 152 cm2

(ii) Given diagonal d1 = 26 m ; Area of the rhombus = 468 sq. m

= 12(d1 × d2) = 468 ; (26 × d2) = 468 × 2
d2 = 468×226 = d2 = 36 m

(iii) Given diagonal d2 = 12 mm; Area of the rhombus = 180 sq. m
12(d1 × d2) = 180
12(d1 × 12) = 180
d1 × 12 = 180 × 2
d1 = 180×212
d1 = 30 mm
Diagonal d1 = 30 mm

32
Tabulating the results we have

Question 4.
The area of a rhombus is 100 sq. cm and length of one of its diagonals is 8 cm.
Find the length of the other diagonal.
Solution:
Given the length of one diagonal d1 = 8 cm ; Area of the rhombus = 100 sq. cm
12(d1 × d2) = 100
12 × 8 × d2 = 100
8 × d2 = 100 × 2
d2 = 100×28 = 25 cm
Length of the other diagonal d2 = 25 cm

Question 5.
A sweet is in the shape of rhombus whose diagonals are given as 4 cm and 5
cm. The surface of the sweet should be covered by an Aluminum foil. Find the
cost of aluminium foil used for 400 such sweets at the rate of ₹ 7 per 100 sq.
cm.
Solution:
Diagonals d1 = 4 cm and d2 = 5 cm
Area of one rhombus shaped sweet = 12(d1 × d2) sq. units = 12 × 4× 5 cm2 = 10
cm2
Aluminium foil used to cover 1 sweet = 10 cm2
∴ Aluminum foil used to cover 400 sweets = 400 × 10 = 4000 cm2
Cost of Aluminum foil for 100 cm2 = ₹ 7

33
∴ Cost of aluminium foil for 4000 cm2 = 4000100 × 7 = ₹ 280
∴ Cost of Aluminum foil used = ₹ 280.

Measurements Ex 2.3

Question 1.
Find the missing values.

Solution:
(i) Given Height h = 10 m ; Parallel sides a = 12 m ; b = 20 m
Area of the Trapezium = 12h(a + b) sq. units = 12 × 10 × (12 + 20)m2
= (5 × 32)m2 = 160 m2

(ii) Given the parallel sides a = 13 cm ; 6 = 28 cm

Area of the trapezium = 492 sq. cm
12h(a + b) = 492
12 × h × (13 + 28) = 492
h × 41 = 492 × 2
h = 492×241
h = 24 cm

(iii) Given height ‘h’ = 19 m; Parallel sides b = 16 m

Area of the trapezium = 323 sq. m
12h(a + b) = 323
12 × h × (a + 16) = 323
a + 16 = 323×219 = 34

34
a = 34 – 16 = 18 m
a = 18 m

(iv) Given the height h- 16 cm ; Parallel sides a = 15 cm

Area of the trapezium = 360 sq. cm
12 × h × (a + b) = 360
12 × 16 × (15 + 6) = 360
15 + b = 3608 =45
b = 45 – 15 = 30
b = 30 cm
Tabulating the results we get

Question 2.
Find the area of a trapezium whose parallel sides are 24 cm and 20 cm and the
distance between them is 15 cm.
Solution:
Given the parallel sides a = 24 cm; b = 20 cm

Distance between a and b is ‘h’ = 15 cm

Area of the trapezium = 12 × h × (a + b) sq. units
= 12 × 15 × (24 + 20) cm2

35
= 12 × 15 × 44 = 330 cm2
Area of the trapezium = 330 cm2

Question 3.
The area of a trapezium is 1586 sq. cm. The distance between its parallel sides
is 26 cm. If one of the parallel sides is 84 cm then find the other side.
Solution:
Given one parallel side = 84 cm. Let the other parallel side be ‘b’ cm.
Distance between a and b is h = 26 cm.
Area of the trapezium = 1586 sq. cm

∴ The other parallel side = 38 cm.

Question 4.
The area of a trapezium is 1080 sq. cm. If the lengths of its parallel sides are
55.6 cm and 34.4 cm. Find the distance between them.
Solution:
Length of the parallel sides a = 55.6 cm ; b = 34.4 cm
Area of the trapezium = 1080 sq. cm

36
Distance between parallel sides = 24 cm.

Question 5.
The area of a trapezium is 180 sq. cm and its height is 9 cm. If one of the
parallel sides is longer than the other by 6 cm. Find the length of the parallel
sides.
Solution:
Let one of the parallel side be ‘a’ cm. Given one parallel sides is longer than the
other by 6 cm.
i.e. b = a + 6 cm Also given height ‘h’ = 9 cm
Area of trapezium = 180 sq. cm

2a + 6 = 40
2a = 40 – 6 = 34
a = 342 = 17 cm
b = a + 6= 17 + 6 = 23 cm
∴ The parallel sides are a = 17 cm and b = 23 cm

37
Question 6.
The sunshade of a window is in the form of isosceles trapezium whose parallel
sides are 81 cm and 64 cm and the distance between them is 6 cm. Find the cost
of painting the surface at the rate of ₹ 2 per sq. cm.
Solution:
Given the parallel sides a = 81 cm ; b = 64 cm
Distance between ‘a’ and ‘b’ is height h = 6 cm
Area of the trapezium = 12 × h(a + b) sq. units
= 12 × 63 × (81 + 64) = 3 × 145 cm2 = 435 cm2
Cost of painting 1 cm2 = ₹ 2
Cost of painting 435 cm2 = ₹ 435 × 2 = ₹ 870
Cost of painting = ₹ 870 .

Question 7.
A window is in the form of trapezium whose parallel sides are 105 cm and 50
cm respectively and the distance between the parallel sides is 60 cm. Find the
cost of the glass used to cover the window at the rate of ₹ 15 per 100 sq. cm.
Solution:
Given the parallel sides a = 105 cm ; b = 50 cm ; Height = 60 cm
Area of the trapezium = 12 × h × (a + b)sq. units = 12 × 60 × (105 + 50) cm2
= 30 × 155 cm2 = 4650 cm2
For 100 cm2 cost of glass used = ₹15
∴ For 4650 cm2 cost of glass = ₹ 4650100 × 15 = ₹ 697.50
Cost of the glass used = ₹ 697.50

Measurements Ex 2.4

Miscellaneous Practice Problems

Question 1.
The base of the parallelogram is 16 cm and the height is 7 cm less than its base.

38
Find the area of the parallelogram.
Solution:
In a parallelogram
Given base b = 16 cm; height h = base – 7 cm = 16 – 7 = 9 cm
Area of the parallelogram = (base × height) sq. units
= 16 × 9 cm2 = 144 cm2
Area of the parallelogram = 144 cm2

Question 2.
An agricultural field is in the form of a parallelogram, whose area is 68.75 sq.
hm. The distance between the parallel sides is 6.25 cm. Find the length of the
base.
Solution:
Height of the parallelogram = 6.25 hm
Area of the parallelogram = 68.75 sq. hm
b × h = 68.75
b × 6.25 = 68.75
b = 68.756.25=6875625 = 11 km
Length of the base = 11 km.

Question 3.
A square and a parallelogram have the same area. If the side of the square is
48m and the height of the parallelogram is 18 m. Find the length of the base of
the parallelogram.
Solution:
Given side of the square is 48 m
Area of the square = (side × side) sq. unit = 48 × 48 m2
Height of the parallelogram = 18 m
Area of the parallelogram = ‘bh’ sq. units = b × 18 m2
Also area of the parallelogram = Area of the square

39
b × 18 = 48 × 48
b = 48×4818 = 8 × 16 = 128 m
Base of the parallelogram = 128 m

Question 4.
The height of the parallelogram is one fourth of its base. If the area of the
parallelogram is 676 sq. cm, find the height and the base.
Solution:
Let the base of the parallelogram be ‘b’ cm
Given height = 14 × base ; Area of the parallelogram = 676 sq. cm
b × h = 676
b × 14b = 676
b × b = 676 × 4
b × b = 13 × 13 × 4 × 4
b = 13 × 4 cm = 52 cm
Height = 14 × 52 cm = 13 cm
Height = 13 cm, Base 52 cm

Question 5.
The area of the rhombus is 576 sq. cm and the length of one of its diagonal is
half of the length of the other diagonal then find the length of the diagonal.
Solution:
Let one diagonal of the rhombus = d2 cm
The other diagonal d2 = 12 × d1 cm
Area of the rhombus = 576 sq. cm
12 × (d1 × d2) = 576
12 × (d1 × 12 d1) = 576
d1 × d1 = 576 × 2 × 2 = 6 × 6 × 4 × 4 × 2 × 2
d1 × d1 = 6 × 4 × 2 × 6 × 4 × 2
d1 = 6 × 4 × 2

40
d1 = 48 cm
d2 = 12 × 48 = 24 cm
∴ Length of the diagonals d1 = 48 cm and d2 = 24 cm.

Question 6.
A ground is in the form of isoceles trapezium with parallel sides measuring 42
m and 36 m long. The distance between the parallel sides is 30 m. Find the cost
of levelling it at the rate of ₹ 135 per sq. m.
Solution:
Parallel sides of the trapezium a = 42 m; b = 36 m
Also height h = 30 m
Area of the trapezium = 12 × h × (a + b) sq. unit
= 12 × 30 × (42 + 36) m2
= 12 × 30 × 78 m2
Area = 1,170 m2
Cost of levelling 1 m2 = ₹ 135
∴ Cost of levelling 1170 m2 = ₹ 1170 × 135 = ₹ 1,57,950
Cost of levelling the ground = ₹ 1,57,950

Challenge Problems

Question 7.
In a parallelogram PQRS (See the diagram) PM and PN are the heights
corresponding to the sides QR and RS respectively. If the area of the
parallelogram is 900 sq. cm and the length of PM and PN are 20 cm and 36 cm
respectively, find the length of the sides QR and SR.

Solution:

41
Considering QR as base of the parallelogram height h1 = 20 cm
Area of the parallelogram = 900 cm2
b1 × h1 = 900 ; b1 × 20 = 900
b1 = 90020 = 45 cm
Again considering SR as base height = 36 cm ; Area = 900 cm2
b2 × h2 = 900 ; b2 × 36 = 900
b2 = 90036
b2 = 25 cm
SR = 25 cm; QR = 45 cm ; SR = 25 cm

Question 8.
If the base and height of a parallelogram are in the ratio 7:3 and the height is 45
cm, then fixed the area of the parallelogram.
Solution:
Given base; height = 7 : 3
Let base = 7x cm
height = 3x cm
also given height = 45 cm
3x = 45 cm 45 .
x = 453 = 15
Now base = 7x cm = 7 × 15 cm = 105 cm
Area of the parallelogram = b × h sq. unit
= 105 × 45 = 4725 cm2
= 4725 cm2

Question 9.
Find the area of the parallelogram ABCD if AC is 24 cm and BE = DF = 8 cm.

42
Solution:
Area of the parallelogram ABCD Area of the triangle =Area of the triangle ABC
+ Area of the triangle ADC

Area of the parallelogram ABCD = 96 + 96 = 192 cm2

Question 10.
The area of the parallelogram ABCD is 1470 sq. cm. If AB = 49 cm and AD =
35 cm then, find the height, DF and BE.

Solution:
Area of the parallelogram = 1470 sq. cm
Considering AB = base = 49 cm
height = DF
Area = base × height
49 × DF = 1470
DF = 147049
DF = 30 cm
Now considering AD as base
Base = AD = 35 cm ; height = BE

43
Base × Height = 1470
35 × BE = 1470 : BE = 147035
BE = 42 cm ; DF = 30 cm ; BE = 42 cm

Question 11.
One of the diagonals of a rhombus is thrice as the other. If the sum of the length
of the diagonals is 24 cm, then find the area of the rhombus.
Solution:
Let one of the diagonals of rhombus be ‘d1’ cm and the other be d2 cm.
Give d1 = 3 × d2
Also d1 + d2 = 24 cm
⇒ 3d2 + d2 = 24
4d2 = 24
d2 = 244
d2 = 6 cm
d1 = 3 × d2 = 3 × 6
d1 = 18 cm
∴ Area of the rhombus = 12 × d1 × d2 sq. units
= 12 × 18 × 6 cm2 = 54 cm2
Area of the rhombus = 54 cm2

Question 12.
A man has to build a rhombus shaped swimming pool. One of the diagonal is 13
m and the other is twice the first one. Then find the area of the swimming pool
and also find the cost of cementing the floor at the rate of ₹ 15 per sq. cm.
Solution:
Let the first diagonal d1 = 13 m
d2 = 2 × 13 m = 26 m
Area of the rhombus = 12 × d1 × d2 sq. units
= 12 × 13 × 26 m2 = 169m2

44
Cost of cementing 1 m2 = ₹ 15
Cost of cementing 169 m2 = ₹ 169 × 15 = ₹ 2,535
Cost of cementing = ₹ 2,535

Question 13.
Find the height of the parallelogram whose base is four times the height and
whose area is 576 sq. cm.
Solution:
Let the height be ‘A’ and base be ‘h’ units
Given b = 4 × h
Area of the parallelogram = 576 sq. cm
b × h = 576
4h × h = 576
h × h = 5764 = 144
h × h = 12 × 12
h = 12 cm
Height = 12 cm; base = 4 × 12 = 48 cm

Question 14.
The table top is in the shape of a trapezium with measurements given in the
figure. Find the cost of the glass used to cover the table at the rate of ₹ 6 per 10
sq. cm.

Solution:
Length of the parallel sides a = 200 cm
b = 150 cm
Height h = 50 cm
Area of the trapezium = 12 × h (a + b) sq. units

45
= 12 × 50 (200+ 150) cm2
= 12 × 50 × 350 cm2 = 8750 cm2
Cost for 10 sq. cm glass = ₹ 68
∴ Cost of 8750 cm2 glass = 875010 × 6 = ₹ 5250
Cost of glass used = ₹ 5,250

Question 15.
Arivu has a land ABCD with the measurements given in the figure. If a portion
ABED is used for cultivation (where E is the midpoint of DC). D Find the
cultivated area.

Solution:
From the figure given ABED is a trapezium with height h = 18 m
One of the parallel side a = 24 m
Since E is the midpoint of D.
Other parallel side b = 242 = 12 m
Area of the cultivated ADEB = 12 × h(a + b) m2 = 12 × 18 (24 + 12)
= 9 × 36 m2 = 324 m2
Area of cultivation = 324 m2

46
47