PHYS 211 13ELECTRICITYCIRCUITand - OHMS LAW

ELECTRIC CIRCUIT AND OHM’S LAW
Objectives
At the end of the topic, the students can able to perform the following :
a.) Explain confidently how a simple electric circuit works and identify electrical symbols used;
b.) Compute for the voltage, current and resistance independently and accurately using ohm’
Law when at least when at least two of this variables are given in the circui.
Overview
Electric circuit is a closed loop conducting path wherein electric current flows. A simple electric circuit is
made up of : the voltage source also called potential difference or Emf, can be a bulb as the resistance and switch.
When the switch is closed, a closed circuit is form and electron or electric current flows in the conducting wire. When
bulb glow, it is an indication that electric current is moving along the circuit.
Ohm’s law states that the current flowing in the circuit is directly proportional to the potential difference
and inversely proportional to the resistance of the circuit. The law is applicable to the entire circuit. Computing or
knowing the different values in the circuit will give us electrical safety. Like the size of wire to use, total load
requirement, the need of safety devices in the circuit.
Ohm’s Law
Aside from the potential difference and electric current, another force called the resistance also develop in
the circuit. The effect of the resistance is similar to the frictional force that slows down the flow of electrons. The
symbol is R and the practical unit is the ohm ( Ω ) . Ohm’s law is the law that shows the relationship of the resistance
to the voltage and the current.
Formula : I = V/R or V= IR or R= v/I
Where : I = electric current in Ampere ( A )

V = Voltage in volts ( V )
R = Resistance in ohms ( Ω )
Clinical application :
Nerves in all parts of the human body are considered good conductors of electricity. Electric pulses that
travels along the nerves can cause contraction of muscles.
The following ranges of electric current shows the physiological effects of electric current on the human
body.
0.00001A to 0.001 A : mild sensation
0.001A to 0.01 A : painful
0.01 A to 0.1 A : severe shock, breath upsetting, muscular paralysis
0. 1 A to 1A : ventricular fibrillation and probable death
1A to 10 A : death with severe burns
Example 1. The difference in potential between the terminals of an electric heater is 120 V .a) What is the resistance
if there is a current of 8 Ampere in the heater. B) What current will be maintained in the heater if the
difference in potential is increased to 180 V ?
Solution :
a) R= V/I
= 120 V / 8 A
R = 15 Ω
b) if the voltage is increased to 180 V
I = V2 / R
= 180 V / 15 Ω
I = 12 A
Example 2. A 12 Volts battery operates a 14 Ω flashlight for a time of 6.5 minutes. a ) Whay is the current? b ) What
quantity of electricity is furnished by the battery?
Solution :
a) I = V/R
= 12 V / 14 Ω
I = 0.857 A
b) q = Ixt
= O.857 A x 6.5 minutes x 60 s/min
q = 334 coulomb.
Change of Resistance with Temperature
The electrical resistance of all substance is found to change with change in temperature. The resistance
may increase with increasing temperature. The change of resistance with temperature of metallic conductor can be
known by the formula :
Rt = R0 ( 1 + α∆t )
Where : Rt = resistance at temperature t

R0 = resistance at 0ᵒ C
α = coefficient of resistance
∆t = change in temperature.
Example 1: A silver wire has a resistance of 1.2 Ω at 0 ᵒ C and a temperature coefficient of resistance of
3.75 x 10 – 3/ᵒC at 266 ᵒ C . . What is its resistance ?
Solution :
Rt = R0 ( 1 + α∆t )
= 1.2 Ω [ 1 + (3.75 x 10 – 3/ᵒC )( 266 ᵒ C )]
R = 2.4 Ω
Example 2: A copper wire has a resistance of 4.5 Ω at 0 ᵒ C . At what temperature will its resistance be doubled
If its coefficient of resistance 1s 3.93 x 10 – 3/ᵒC ?
Solution :
Rt = R0 ( 1 + α∆t )
T = Rt – Ro
Ro α
= 9 Ω – 4.5 Ω
4.5 Ω (3.93 x 10 – 3/ᵒC
T = 254 ᵒ C
Electric Circuit and Symbols
The following are the conventional symbols used in schematic diagrams of electric circuits
Conductor capacitor
Switch cell / battery
Fuse DC generator
Resistor ground
Lamp
Voltmeter V
Illustration : Draw the simple electric circuit schematic diagram of problem # 1.
Resistance, R = ?
switch
Total current, I = 8A
Voltage, V = 120 volts

Name ________________________________________ Score________________
Prog/yr/sec ___________________________________ Date:________________
Activity No. 14
Electric Circuit and Ohm’s Law
Solve the following:
1. A certain light bulb has a resistance of 150 Ω when lighted. How much current will flow through it when
connected across a 220 V, its normal operating voltage ? Draw the circuit schematic diagram>Fin
2. Find the potential difference (Emf) in a certain electric circuit with current flowing at 18 ampere and a floor
Polisher connected with resistance of 12 Ω ?
3. A 12 volts battery operates a 15 ohms digital scale for 5.2 minutes. a) Find the current flowing b) the charges
Transferred with the given time.
4. What is the resistance of a conductor at 50ᵒ C if its resistance at 0 ᵒ C is 1 ohm and the temperature coefficient
of resistance of 9.8 x 10 – 3/ᵒC
5. A silver wire has a resistance of 2.3 Ω at 0 ᵒ C and a temperature coefficient of resistance of 3.75 x 10 – 3/ᵒC.
What is final temperature when the final resistance is 3.8 ohms. ?
6. Complete the table :
V, Volts I, Ampere R, ohms
8 volts 2.8 mA
20 volts 156 Ω
40A 25 KΩ
10 Volts 450 KΩ
36 volts 130mA

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ELECTRIC CIRCUIT AND OHM’S LAW

Formula : I = V/R or V= IR or R= v/I

Where : I = electric current in Ampere ( A )

b) if the voltage is increased to 180 V

Where : Rt = resistance at temperature t

Switch cell / battery

Illustration : Draw the simple electric circuit schematic diagram of problem # 1.

Voltage, V = 120 volts

Solve the following:

6. Complete the table :

V, Volts I, Ampere R, ohms

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