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INTERMOLECULAR FORCES
Hydrogen bonding
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Hydrogen bonding is a weak to moderate attractive force that
exists between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a very
small and highly electronegative atom and a lone pair of electrons
on another small, electronegative atom (F, O, or N).
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The strengths of intermolecular forces are generally weaker
than either ionic or covalent bonds.
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+ Dipole-dipole interactions
⚫A dipole is represented
by a dipole arrow
pointing towards the
more negative end
Dipole-dipole forces: (polar molecules)
+
..
S ..
dipole-dipole attraction
O
- .. :
O
-
+
..
S ..
O
- .. :
O
-
attraction
- + - +