2018 Summer Model Answer Paper
2018 Summer Model Answer Paper
2018 Summer Model Answer Paper
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SUMMER – 2018 EXAMINATIONS
Model Answer Subject Code: 17415 (DMT)
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Model Answer Subject Code: 17415 (DMT)
1 Mark
each =
2 Marks
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Model Answer Subject Code: 17415 (DMT)
2 Marks
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Model Answer Subject Code: 17415 (DMT)
Labeled
diagram
2 Marks
Unlabeled
diagram
1 Mark
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Model Answer Subject Code: 17415 (DMT)
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Model Answer Subject Code: 17415 (DMT)
4 Marks
2 e) State the necessity of starter for D.C. motor. State various types of D.C. motor
starter.
Ans:
Necessity of Starter for D.C. Motor:
Armature current, is given by equation Ia=(V−Eb)/Ra
i) If the motor is at standstill or rest, back emf Eb is zero (as Eb=ΦZNP/60A,
at start speed N is zero). This causes starting current Ia=V/Ra, which is 2 Marks
large as armature resistance is usually low. This large starting current may
damage armature winding.
ii) Hence to limit the very high starting current, the starter is required.
iii) Once motor picks up the speed, the back emf Eb is induced in armature
winding and armature current is limited to safe value. So starter is not 2 Marks
required under running condition.
Types of D.C. motor starters:
i) Two point starter
ii)Three point starter
iii) Four point starter
2 f) A 220 V DC shunt motor runs at a speed of 850 rpm and takes a current 20A
from mains. Calculate the speed if the torque is doubled. Armature resistance is
0.2Ω
Ans:
Given: DC shunt motor of , V=220 V, N1= 850 rpm, Ia1= 20 A, Ra= 0.2Ω
For finding speed N2, T2 = 2T1.
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Model Answer Subject Code: 17415 (DMT)
T1 Ia1 T1 20
= = 1 Mark
T2 Ia2 2T1 Ia2
Ia2 = 40 A
As Eb1 = V − Ia1 R a = 220 − (20 × 0.2) = 216 V 1 Mark
Labeled
diagram
4 Marks
Partially
labeled
diagram
3 Marks
Un-labeled
diagram
2 Marks
3 b) Estimate the percentage efficiency and regulation of a 100 kVA, 6600V/250V,
50Hz 1 transformer at full load and 0.8 lagging p.f. from following readings;`
O. C. test : 6600 V, 1.5 A, 900 W,
S. C. test : 290 V, 12 A, 860 W.
Ans:
From the SC test:
𝑉𝑠𝑐 290
𝑍1𝑇 = = = 24.166 Ω
𝐼𝑠𝑐 12
𝑊𝑠𝑐 860
𝑅1𝑇 = 2 = 2 = 5.972 Ω
𝐼𝑠𝑐 12
𝑋1𝑇 = √𝑍1𝑇 2 − 𝑅1𝑇 2 =√24.1662 − 5.9722 = 23.416Ω 1 Mark
Page No : 7 of 21
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To find efficiency:
𝑃𝑖 = 900W 𝑃𝑐𝑢 = 860𝑊 at 12 A load current
𝐹. 𝐿. 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 × 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 =
𝐹. 𝐿. 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 × 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ + 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠
Regulation
Total approximate voltage drop as referred to primary is
= 𝐼1 (𝑅1𝑇 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ + 𝑋1𝑇 𝑠𝑖𝑛∅)
𝑉𝐴 100000
𝐼1 = 𝑉 = 6600 = 15.151 A
1
1 Mark
Voltage drop= 15.151[(5.972 × 0.8) + (23.416 × 0.6)] = 285.24 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑝 285.24
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑅𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = =
𝑁𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 6600 1 Mark
= 0.0432 𝑜𝑟 4.32%
3 c) Compare distribution transformer with power transformer on any four points..
Ans:
Comparision of Distribution Transformer with Power Transformer:
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Model Answer Subject Code: 17415 (DMT)
Ans:
Equivalent Circuit Diagram of Transformer Referred to Primary:
2 Marks
Equivalent
Diagram
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Model Answer Subject Code: 17415 (DMT)
Ans:
Given circuit in Fig. No. 1 is for short circuit test on single phase transformer. 1 Mark
Here,
Primary full load current = (2000/440) = 4.545 A.
Secondary full load current = (2000/220) = 9.09 A. 1 Mark
Generally for circulation of full load short circuit current 10% of rated voltage i.e.10%
of 220 V = 22V is required.
Hence rating of meters on primary side are;
Ammeter- ( 0-5 A )
Voltmeter- ( 0- 30 V ) 1.5 Marks
Wattmeter - 5 Amp / 30, 50, 60 V, 200W.
Rating of meters on secondary side are;
Ammeter - ( 0-10 A ) 0.5 Mark
4 Attempt any FOUR of the following: 16
4 a) A 40 kVA, single phase transformer with a ratio of 2000 / 250 V has a primary
resistance of 1.15Ω and a secondary resistance of 0.01555Ω. If the transformer
is designed for 75% of full load. Find its efficiency when delivering full load at
0.8 power factor.
Ans:
Given: 40kVA, V1= 2000 V, V2= 250 V, R1= 1.15 Ω, R2= 0.01555 Ω,
P.F. = 0.8.
V 250
K = V2 = 2000 = 0.125
1
As the transformer is designed for 75% of full load, it means that the 1Mark
transformer exhibits maximum efficiency at 75% of full load.
Cu losses at 75% of full load = (0.75)2× PcuFL
At maximum efficiency, Cu losses = Iron losses
Hence, (0.75)2× PcuFL = Pi
Full load primary current = 40×1000/2000= 20A
Page No : 10 of 21
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Model Answer Subject Code: 17415 (DMT)
output
Full load Efficiency =
output + losses
40 ×1000×0.8
= (40 ×1000×0.8)+(858+482.625)
32000
1Mark
= 33340.625 = 0.9597 OR 95.97%
4 b) Fig. No. 2 shows the equivalent circuit of 220/2200 V, single phase transformer
as referred to the primary side. Calculate:
(i) Primary current.
(ii) Power factor.
(iii)Secondary terminal voltage.
(iv) Output of transformer.
Ans:
Given , R0=450 Ω, Rt1=0.015 Ω, RL’ = 6 Ω
X0=250 Ω, Xt1= 0. 6 Ω, XL’ = 4 Ω,
𝑉 2200
Transformation ratio K = 𝑉2 = 220 = 10
1
V 220
IC = 1⁄R = = 0.488 A
0 450
V 220
Im = 1⁄X = = 0.88 A
0 250
I0 = √0.4882 + 0.882 = 1.006 A
Page No : 11 of 21
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Model Answer Subject Code: 17415 (DMT)
2 1 Mark
i) Primary current I1= √I0 2 + 𝐼2′ = √1.0062 + 28.6452 = 28.66 A
iii)Terminal Voltage , 𝑉2′ = 𝐼2′ × 𝑍𝐿′
= 28.645 𝐴 < 36.75° × 7.22 < 33.68°
= 206.816 V <70.43°
Terminal voltage referred to secondary = k× 𝑉2′ 1 Mark
= 10 × 206.816 = 2068.16 V
ii) Power Factor
Phase angle between 𝑉2′ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐼2′ is 70.43° − 36.75° = 33.68° = 1 Mark
Power Factor = cos = cos 33.68 = 0.832 lag
iv) Output of Transformer 1 Mark
= 𝐼2′ × 𝑉2′ = 28.645 × 206.816 = 5924.244 VA
4 c) Two transformers A of 40 kVA with % ZA=(3+j4)Ω and B of 25 kVA. Share
equally a load of 50kVA. While working in parallel. Find how they will share a
load of 40 kVA. Comment your answer.
Ans:
Given: Total load shared, S= 50kVA,
Since the transformers share load equally,
Load shared by each transformer SA = SB = 25kVA
Impedance of transformer A, ZA =(3+ j4) Ω
Load sharing:
ZB
SA = S
ZA + ZB
(3 + 𝑗4)
SA = 40 ×
(3+ j4) + (3 + 𝑗4)
SA = 20 kVA and SB = 20 kVA which can be obtained as, 2 Marks
ZA
SB = S
ZA + ZB
(3+ j4)
SB = 40 ×
(3+ j4) + (3 + 𝑗4)
SB = 20 kVA
Page No : 12 of 21
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Model Answer Subject Code: 17415 (DMT)
𝐾𝑉𝐴 × 1000 × 𝑃𝐹
𝐹𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦, 𝜂𝐹𝐿 = × 100
(𝐾𝑉𝐴 × 1000 × 𝑃𝐹) + 𝑃𝑖 + 𝑃𝑐𝑢
𝑃𝑖 = 𝐼𝑟𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡.
𝑃𝑐𝑢 = 𝐹𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝐶𝑢 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠
100×1000 100000
0.89 = (100×1000)+𝑃 +𝑃 = 100000+𝑃𝑖 +𝑃𝑐𝑢𝐹𝐿
𝑖 𝑐𝑢𝐹𝐿
12 𝑃𝑐𝑢𝐹𝐿
𝑃𝑐𝑢𝐻𝐿 = × 𝑃𝑐𝑢𝐹𝐿 =
2 4
1/2 × 𝐾𝑉𝐴 × 1000 × 𝑃𝐹
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑎𝑡 𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑓 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑, 𝜂𝐻𝐿 =
(1/2 × 𝐾𝑉𝐴 × 1000 × 𝑃𝐹) + 𝑃𝑖 + 𝑃𝑐𝑢𝐻𝐿/4
40000
0.87 =
𝑃𝑐𝑢𝐹𝐿
(40000) + 𝑃𝑖 +
4
𝑃𝑐𝑢𝐹𝐿 1 Mark
𝑃𝑖 + = 5977.01𝑊 … … … … (𝑖𝑖)
4
Subtracting (i) from (ii) and solving we get,
Copper losses = 𝑃𝑐𝑢𝐹𝐿 = 8510.05 𝑊 1 Mark
Iron losses = 𝑃𝑖 = 3849.49𝑊 1 Mark
4 e) List various losses in a transformer and the places at which they occur.
Ans:
Various Losses in a Transformer:
Sr. Losses in Transformer Places at which the losses occur
No.
1 Copper Losses Windings of transformer 4 Marks
2 Iron Losses or Core Losses Core of the transformer
i) Eddy Current losses
ii) Hysteresis Losses
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Model Answer Subject Code: 17415 (DMT)
𝐴 1 1 Mark
𝜂=[ ] =[ ]
𝑃 𝑃
𝐴 + 𝐼 𝑖 + 𝐼2 𝑅02 1 + 𝐼 𝑖 + 𝐼2 𝑅02
2 2
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Model Answer Subject Code: 17415 (DMT)
4 Marks
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Model Answer Subject Code: 17415 (DMT)
Diagram
2 Marks
OR Equivalent circuit
5 e) What is the aim of conducting phasing out test on three phase transformer?
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Model Answer Subject Code: 17415 (DMT)
2 Marks for
Diagram =
4 Marks
OR
5 f) Write selection criteria of distribution transformer with any four points.
Ans:-
Selection Criteria for distribution transformer:
i) Load requirements that decides kVA Rating
ii) Required Tappings
iii) Vector group. ½ Mark for
iv) Winding Impedances each of any
v) Termination Arrangement. eight points
vi) Cooling system
vii) Nature of load
viii) Ambient/ Environment conditions
ix) Voltage ratings
x) Nature of service required
xi) Tariff applicable etc.
6 Attempt any FOUR of the following 16
6 a) Identify the parts shown in the diagram of a transformer in Fig.No.3.
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Model Answer Subject Code: 17415 (DMT)
½ Mark for
each
= 4 Marks
Ans:
Parts Shown in The Diagram of a Transformer:
1-Conservator Tank
2-Breather
3-Buchholz Relay
4-Cooling Tubes
5-Magnetic Core
6-HT Terminal Bushings
7-Drain Valve
8-Transformer Tank
6 b) Compare auto transformer with two-winding transformer (Any four point).
Ans:
Comparison of autotransformer with two-winding transformer:
Sr
Autotransformer Two winding Transformer
No
Only one winding, part of the
There are two separate windings
1 winding is common for
for primary and secondary.
primary and secondary.
No movable contact between
2 Movable contact exist
primary and secondary
Electrical connection between Electrical isolation between 1 Mark for
3
primary and secondary. primary and secondary windings. each of any
4 Comparatively lower losses. Comparatively more losses valid four
Efficiency is more as points
Efficiency is less as compared to = 4 Marks
5 compared to two winding
autotransformer.
transformer.
Copper required is less, thus
6 Copper required is more.
copper is saved.
Core type or shell type core
7 Spiral core construction
construction
Most of the general purpose
Special applications where
8 transformers where fixed voltage
variable voltage is required.
is required.
9 Cost is less Cost is more
10 Better voltage regulation Poor voltage regulation
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Model Answer Subject Code: 17415 (DMT)
11
Symbol of Two winding
Symbol of Autotransformer transformer
6 c) Explain construction and operation of current transformer. Draw a connection
diagram for C.T. connection with 1- load.
Ans:
Construction and Operation of current transformer:
Construction-
Construction of CT is as shown in above figure.
C.T. has bar type conductor, which behaves as primary winding.
The primary of C.T. carries large current 𝐼𝑝 which is to be measured, so
1 Mark
the bar is of large cross sectional area.
The secondary of C.T.is made up of large number of turns. It is wound
on core. The secondary winding is a low current winding. Hence it’s
cross sectional area is small.
An ammeter of small range is connected across the secondary as shown
in figure given below
1 Mark
Operation of C.T.;
C.T. is basically a step-up transformer. Hence the secondary is high
1 Mark
voltage low current winding.
The secondary current is given by;
𝑁1
𝐼𝑠 = 𝐼𝑝 × 𝑁2 𝑁2 ≫ 𝑁1
The current 𝐼𝑠 is measured by the ammeter. So knowing turns ratio it is
possible to measure 𝐼𝑝.
The primary current is given by;
𝑁2
𝐼𝑝 = 𝐼𝑠 ×
𝑁1
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Model Answer Subject Code: 17415 (DMT)
1 Mark
2 Marks
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Model Answer Subject Code: 17415 (DMT)
6 f) List special features (any four) of isolation transformer with any four
applications.
Ans:
Special Features of Isolation Transformer:
i) Number of primary turns are equal to number of secondary turns.
ii) Disconnect the load equipment from supply:
Sometimes it is essential to disconnect the load equipment such as 2 Marks
the cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO) from the supply ground.
iii) Sensitive and costly equipment need to be disconnected from supply to
protect from noisy ground connection.
iv) Reduction of voltage spikes:
Voltage spikes are short duration high amplitudes pulses which get
superimposed on the ac supply. These are dangerous to delicate
equipment. Isolation transformer reduces the amplitude of spike .
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