Active and Passive Components

Kunal wakode
Sanket Supekar1,
Aryan shinde*

#
Computer Engineering Department, AISSMS Polytechnic
Near R.T.O, Railway Officers Colony, Pune, Maharashtra, India
1Aryan [email protected]
[email protected]
*
Vyas Electronics
1242, M.G Road, Pune, Maharashtra, India
[email protected]
A bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is a type of transistor that
Abstract— This research paper gives information about the electronic uses both electrons and electron holes as charge carriers. In
components used in day-to-day life, handling of components as per contrast, a unipolar transistor, such as a field-effect transistor,
their nature of behavior, characteristic, and their applications.
uses only one kind of charge carrier. A bipolar transistor
Keywords— Active, Passive, Resistor, Inductor, BJT, Transistor, allows a small current injected at one of its terminals to control
Diodes. a much larger current flowing between the terminals, making
the device capable of amplification or switching.
I. INTRODUCTION
This research paper gives detail information of various active B. TRANSISTOR:
and passive components, their significance, applications,
importance, characteristics that are useful. Various parameters are
explained related to these components briefly. Their practical A transistor is a semiconductor device used
importance in the industrial fields as well as technical field is to amplify or switch electrical signals and power. It is one of the
elaborated using this research paper. basic building blocks of modern electronics. It is composed
of semiconductor material, usually with at least three terminals for
II. ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS connection to an electronic circuit. A voltage or current applied to
one pair of the transistor's terminals controls the current through
An electronic component is any basic discrete device or physicalanother pair of terminals
entity in an electronic system used to affect electrons or their
associated fields. Electronic components are mostly industrial TABLE I
products, available in a singular form and are not to be confused Electronic Components
with electrical elements, which are conceptual abstractions
S Active Components
representing idealized electronic components and elements. There
r
are two types Electronic components: (a)Active (b)Passive . Active Components Passive Components
A. Active Components: n
o
These components are parts of a circuit that rely on an external
power source to control or modify electrical signals. Example: 1 BJT Resistor
• BJT
• Transistor
B. Passive Components:
A passive element is an electrical component that does not
generate power, but instead dissipates, stores, and/or releases 2 Transistor Inductor
it. Example:
• Resistor
• Inductor
3 Integrated Circuit Capacitor

4 Diode Thermistor
III. Active Components
These components are parts of a circuit that rely on an external 5 LED Transformer
power source to control or modify electrical signals
A. BJT :
C. INTEGRATED CIRCUIT:
 A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that
An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit (also implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. In
referred to as an IC, a chip, or a microchip) is a set of electronic electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow,
circuits on one small flat piece (or "chip") adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and
of semiconductor material, usually silicon. Large numbers of terminate transmission lines, among other uses. High-power
miniaturized transistors and other electronic components are resistors that can dissipate many watts of electrical power as
integrated together on the chip. heat may be used as part of motor controls, in power distribution
D. DIODE: systems, or as test loads for generators.
B. INDUCTORS:
A diode is a two-terminal electronic component that
conducts current primarily in one An inductor, also called a coil, choke, or reactor, is
direction (asymmetric conductance). a passive two-terminal electrical component that stores energy
in a magnetic field when electric current flows through it. An
It has low (ideally zero) resistance in one direction, and high inductor typically consists of an insulated wire wound into a
(ideally infinite) resistance in the other. coil.
A semiconductor diode, the most commonly used type today, is When the current flowing through the coil changes, the time-
a crystalline piece of semiconductor material with a p–n varying magnetic field induces an electromotive force (emf)
junction connected to two electrical terminals. (voltage) in the conductor, described by Faraday's law of
It has an exponential current–voltage characteristic. Semiconductor induction. According to Lenz's law, the induced voltage has a
diodes were the first semiconductor electronic devices. polarity (direction) which opposes the change in current that
created it. As a result, inductors oppose any changes in current
E. LED: through them.

A light-emitting diode (LED) is C. CAPACITOR:

a semiconductor device that emits light when current flows A capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy in
through it.
an electric field by virtue of accumulating electric charges on
two close surfaces insulated from each other. It is
Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with electron holes,
a passive electronic component with two terminals.
releasing energy in the form of photons.
The effect of a capacitor is known as capacitance. While some
The color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the capacitance exists between any two electrical conductors in
photons) is determined by the energy required for electrons proximity in a circuit, a capacitor is a component designed to
to cross the band gap of the semiconductor. add capacitance to a circuit. The capacitor was originally
known as the condenser, a term still encountered in a few
White light is obtained by using multiple semiconductors or a compound names, such as the condenser microphone.
layer of light-emitting phosphor on the semiconductor device.
D. THERMISTOR:
A thermistor is a semiconductor type of resistor whose
resistance is strongly dependent on temperature, more so than
in standard resistors. The word thermistor is
a portmanteau of thermal and resistor.
Thermistors are divided based on their conduction model.
Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) thermistors
have less resistance at higher temperatures, while Positive
Temperature Coefficient (PTC) thermistors
have more resistance at higher temperatures.
NTC thermistor are widely used as inrush current limiters,
temperature sensors, while PTC thermistors are used as self-
resetting overcurrent protectors, and self-regulating heating
Images of Active Components elements.

III. Passive Components E. TRANSFORMER:

A transformer is a passive component that transfers electrical
A passive element is an electrical component that does not generate
energy from one electrical circuit to another circuit, or
power, but instead dissipates, stores, and/or releases it.
multiple circuits.
A. RESISTOR: A varying current in any coil of the transformer produces a
varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core, which
induces
 a varying electromotive force (EMF) across any other coils
wound around the same core.
Electrical energy can be transferred between separate coils
without a metallic (conductive) connection between the two
circuits.
Faraday's law of induction, discovered in 1831, describes the
induced voltage effect in any coil due to a changing magnetic
flux encircled by the coil.

IV.CONCLUSIONS
This research paper gives detail information of various active
and passive components, their significance, applications,
importance, characteristics that are useful. Various parameters are
explained related to these components briefly. Their practical
importance in the industrial fields as well as technical field is
elaborated using this research paper.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Vyas Electronics Causal Productions wishes to acknowledge

Michael Shell and other contributors for developing and
maintaining the information of active and passive components. To
see the list of contributors, please refer to the top of file VYAS.cls
named link.

REFERENCES

[1] Information of electronic components:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_symbol

[2] Information of Active Components:

https://www.electronicsandyou.com/blog/active-and-passive-electronic
components.html

[3]Information of Passive Components:

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/735/passive-component

[4] Information of BJT & Transistor& LED & Diode:

https://www.hackatronic.com/what-are-active-components-in-electronics/

[5]information of Resistor& Inductor & Capacitor:

https://www.hackatronic.com/what-are-passive-components-how-they-are-
classified/