Activity 3 Interpreting Data

Preface
Scientists analyse and interpret data to look for meaning that can serve as
evidence. Often scientists seek to determine whether variables are related and how
much they are related. Engineers use data to make decisions about designs, including
whether a given design will work, the economic feasibility of a design, and potential
alternatives. Raw data are organized and summarized using spreadsheets, databases,
tables, graphs, and/or statistical analyses that help scientists interpret the data. Data
can be either quantitative–using measurements–or qualitative–using descriptions.
Ocean scientists and engineers use the full range of data organization and analysis
tools available to scientists and engineers from all disciplines.
This module will help you explore the key concepts on topics that will help you
understand the general concepts and answer the questions pertaining to Interpreting
Data.
The topics have five major sections, namely, Engage, Explore, Explain,
Elaborate and Evaluate. Each section represents the different phases of the learning
process.
Topic: Interpreting Data
Intended Learning Outcome: The students will be able to:
1. Identify the method of Interpreting Data.
2. Interpret the data from the given task.
3. Justify the data that they have gathered through activity.
Introduction
Data interpretation methods are how analysts help people make sense of numerical
data that has been collected, analyzed and presented.
Preliminary Questions
1. What comes into your mind when you hear the word data?
2. Do you know how to interpret data?
ENGAGE
Activity 1 Name It to Gain it
List all the words you see on the picture. The more words you see, the more points you
gain
Let’s explore more!

Activity 2 Picture it out!
Examine the picture below and name it. Write your answer on the line below.
EXPLAIN
Data interpretation refers to the implementation of
processes through which data is reviewed for the purpose
of arriving at an informed conclusion. The interpretation of
data assigns a meaning to the information analyzed and
determines its signification and implications.
The importance of data interpretation is evident and
this is why it needs to be done properly. Data is very likely
to arrive from multiple sources and has a tendency to enter
the analysis process with haphazard ordering. Data analysis tends to be extremely
subjective. That is to say, the nature and goal of interpretation will vary from business to
business, likely correlating to the type of data being analyzed. While there are several
different types of processes that are implemented based on individual data nature, the
two broadest and most common categories are “quantitative analysis” and “qualitative
analysis”.
ELABORA
TEto Interpret Data?
How
When interpreting data, an analyst must try to discern the differences between
correlation, causation and coincidences, as well as many other biases – but he also has
to consider all the factors involved that may have led to a result. There are various data
interpretation methods one can use.
The interpretation of data is designed to help people make sense of numerical
data that has been collected, analyzed and presented. Having a baseline method (or
methods) for interpreting data will provide your analyst teams a structure and consistent
foundation. Indeed, if several departments have different approaches to interpret the
same data, while sharing the same goals, some mismatched objectives can result.
Disparate methods will lead to duplicated efforts, inconsistent solutions, wasted energy
and inevitably – time and money. In this part, we will look at the two main methods of
interpretation of data: with a qualitative and a quantitative analysis.
Qualitative Data Interpretation
Qualitative data analysis can be summed up in one word – categorical. With
qualitative analysis, data is not described through numerical values or patterns, but
through the use of descriptive context. Typically, narrative data is gathered by
employing a wide variety of person-to-person techniques.
Quantitative Data Interpretation
Quantitative analysis refers to a set of processes by which numerical data is
analyzed. More often than not, it involves the use of statistical modelling such as
standard deviation, mean and median.
Data Interpretation Is Important
The purpose of collection and interpretation is to acquire useful and usable
information and to make the most informed decisions possible.
Visualization Techniques in Data Analysis
Bar Graphs
Bar graphs are graphs that interpret the relationship between 2 or more variables
using rectangular bars. These rectangular bars can be drawn either vertically or
horizontally, but they are mostly drawn vertically.
Advantages of a Bar Graph
● It helps to summarize a large data
● Estimations of key values can be made at a glance
● Can be easily understood
Disadvantages of a Bar Graph
● It may require additional explanation.
● It can be easily manipulated.
● It doesn't properly describe the dataset.
Pie Chart
A pie chart is a circular graph used to represent the percentage of occurrence of
variable using sectors. The size of each sector is dependent on the frequency or
percentage of the corresponding variables.
Advantages of a Pie Chart
● It is visually appealing.
● Best for comparing small data samples.
Disadvantages of a Pie Chart
● It can only compare small sample sizes.
● Unhelpful with observing trends over time
Tables
Tables are used to represent statistical data by placing them in rows and
columns.
Advantages of Tables
● Can contain large data sets
● Helpful in comparing 2 or more similar things
Disadvantages of Tables
● They do not give detailed information.
● Maybe time-consuming.
Line Graph
Line graphs or charts are a type of graph that displays information as a series of
points, usually connected by a straight line.
Advantages of a Line Graph
 Great for visualizing trends and changes over time.
 It is simple to construct and read.
Disadvantage of a Line Graph
 It cannot compare different variables at a single place or time.
1. What is data interpretation?
2. What are the two main methods in interpreting data?

3. Why data interpretation so important?
4. What are those visualization techniques in data analysis that are being tackled?
Name it all.
EVALUAT
EVA E
Study the bar graph. Use the information from the graph to answer the question below.
1. How many goldfish are there in the fish tank?
2. How many angelfish are there in the fish tank?
3. How many zebrafish are there in the fish tank?
4. Are there more neontetra or clownfish?
5. Are there more goldfish or zebrafish?

Isa Pearl Luyao BEED 3B

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Preface

Let’s explore more!

1. What is data interpretation?

2. What are the two main methods in interpreting data?

1. How many goldfish are there in the fish tank?

2. How many angelfish are there in the fish tank?

3. How many zebrafish are there in the fish tank?

4. Are there more neontetra or clownfish?

5. Are there more goldfish or zebrafish?

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