Understanding: The E F

Compiled by:
General Education 1
Understanding
The
S E L F
Compilers:
Khadiguia Ontok-Balah, MALT, MPsych, RPm

Khristine Joy B. Garcia, MSPsych, RPsy
Jerose L. Molina, MPsych, RPsy, RPm
Published by:
Department of Psychology
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
University of Southern Mindanao
Kabacan, Cotabato
August 2018
LESSON 5:
a. Psychology
THE SELF VIEWED IN VARIOUS THEORIES
A. THE SELF AS A COGNITIVE CONSTRUCTION

1. Me-self & I-self
2. Global Versus Differentiated Models
3. Real Versus Ideal Self Concepts
4. Multiple Versus Unified Selves
5. True Versus False Self
B. THE SELF AS PROACTIVE AND AGENTIC

1. Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory
2. Kelly’s Psychology of Personal Constructs
A. THE SELF AS A COGNITIVE CONSTRUCTION
A. 1 Me-self & I-self
William James’ Me Self and I Self (Empirical Self)

1. Material Self (It refers to mine, “my arm, my bag”)
• Tangible objects, people, or places that carry the designation of mine.
• Bodily self & Extracorporeal self (beyond the body, e.g., emotional investment)
2. Social Self (It refers to ours e.g., our parents, siblings, romantic partners)
• How we are regarded and recognized by others
• Relational self: interpersonal relationships
3. Spiritual Self (It refers to inner and psychological self, subjective being)
• Self-Perceived abilities, attitudes, emotions, interests, values, motives
NOTE: Individual Self-Individual traits, abilities and possessions
• Spiritual self and aspects of the material self (body, possessions, initials). Example: I
am tall. I am shy.
4. Relational Self (Other people with whom we have a personal relationship)
• Aspects of the social self (e.g. I am Noah’s father.)
5. Collective Self (Social roles, social categories, and social group membership)
• Aspects of social self (e.g. I am a Filipino.)
INDIVIDUAL SELF
The human actions and responses are based on the biological information
highway of the body which is the nervous system – responsible for controlling all the
biological processes and movement in the body through a specialized cell called
neuron. Most neurons secrete only one type of neurotransmitter, but receive a
mixture of neurotransmitter which affect our behaviors.
Fig. 3. The Material self: Biological & Physical Body
Development of the Self

1. Freud: Five (5) Psychosexual Stages
2. Jung: Four (4) stages: childhood, youth, midlife, old age
3. Erikson: Eight (8) Psychosocial stages
4. Sullivan: Seven (7) stages Infancy, childhood, juvenile era, preadolescence, early
adolescence, late adolescence, adulthood
Exercise 1.5
Instruction: Provide a brief one-paragraph explanation of the different theories of how

personality develops. Cite 5 references.
Fig. 4-a. Development of Personality: Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
Fig. 4-b. Freud’s Levels of Consciousness

Fig. 4-c. Freud’s Structure of Personality
Development of Personality: Jung’s Analytical Theory

Stages of Development:
1. Childhood
• Anarchic
• Monarchic
• Dualistic
2. Youth
- The period from puberty until middle life
- Major difficulty to overcome is conservative principle or the tendency to cling to
childhood
3. Middle Life
- Begins at approximately age 35 or 40
- Period of anxiety and potential
4. Old Age
- Diminution of consciousness
- Death is the goal of life
Self-Realization (Individuation)
• Requires assimilation of unconsciousness into total self
• Process of integrating opposites into a harmonious self
• Rarely achieved
Fig. 5-a. Jung’s Analytical Psychology
Levels of Psyche:
1. Conscious
- Psychic images sensed by the ego
2. Personal Unconscious
- Repressed, forgotten, or subliminally perceived experiences
3. Collective Unconscious
- Ideas from the experiences inherited from our ancestors
4 Archetypes
- Archaic images derived from the collective unconscious
Fig. 5-b. Jungian Archetypes
Anima
(feminine)
SELF
Persona
person's Shadow
striving for
unity
Animus
(masculine)
SELF – It is the person’s striving for unity.
• Animus (masculinity in women) – It helps us understand masculine behavior in

females (thinking & reasoning)
• Shadow – It is the unpleasant & socially reprehensible thoughts, feelings, and
actions
• Anima (femininity in men) – Helps us understand feminine behavior in males
(moods & feelings)
• Persona – Mask that is adopted in response to the demands of social convention
Exercise 1.6
• Instruction: Compare and contrast the ideas of Freud and Jung. Provide
examples to specific ideas identified.
Fig. 6. Development of Personality:

Erikson’s Eight Stages of Psychosocial Development
Exercise 1.7
Instruction: Using the figure above, make a similar drawing and cite very important
events to the development of your own self in each stage.

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Compiled by:

Khadiguia Ontok-Balah, MALT, MPsych, RPm

A. THE SELF AS A COGNITIVE CONSTRUCTION

B. THE SELF AS PROACTIVE AND AGENTIC

A. THE SELF AS A COGNITIVE CONSTRUCTION

A. 1 Me-self & I-self

William James’ Me Self and I Self (Empirical Self)

Fig. 3. The Material self: Biological & Physical Body

Development of the Self

Instruction: Provide a brief one-paragraph explanation of the different theories of how

Fig. 4-b. Freud’s Levels of Consciousness

Development of Personality: Jung’s Analytical Theory

Fig. 5-b. Jungian Archetypes

• Animus (masculinity in women) – It helps us understand masculine behavior in

Fig. 6. Development of Personality:

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