Fundamentals of Communication P P T 2020 PDF
Fundamentals of Communication P P T 2020 PDF
Fundamentals of Communication P P T 2020 PDF
COMMUNICATION
syllabus
Semester I CIE Marks : 40
Credits : 01
Module I
Introduction to Technical Communication
• Fundamentals of Technical Communication Skills,
• Barriers to Effective Communication,
• Different styles in Technical Communication.
• Interpersonal Communication Skills
• How to improve Interpersonal Communication Skills,
• Developing Interpersonal Skills.
• Grammar : Basic English Grammar and Parts of Speech _ Nouns,
Pronouns, Adjectives, Verbs, Adverbs, Prepositions, Conjunctions and
Interjection.
Module II
Introduction to Listening skills and Phonetics I
• Introduction to Phonetics,
• Sounds Mispronounced,
• Silent and Non silent Letters
• Homophones and Homonyms,
• Aspirations
• Pronunciation of ‘The’ and words ending ‘age’ some plural forms.
• Grammar: Use of Articles, Definite and Indefinites articles.
Modules – III
Developing Listening Skills ( Phonetics and
Vocabulary Building) II
• Speech sounds: Vowels and Consonants – exercises on it.
• Preposition, and Prepositions often confused
• Word Accent – Rules for word accent, Stress shift,
• Question Tags, Question Tags for Assertive Sentences (Statements) –
Some Exceptions in Question Tags and Exercises
• One Word Substitutes and Exercises.
• Vocabulary – Synonyms and Antonyms Exercises on it.
Module – IV
Speaking Skills (Grammar and Vocabulary) – I
• Syllables, Structures,
• Strong and Weak form words
• Words formation,
• Prefixes and suffixes (Vocabulary)
• Contractions and Abbreviation
• Spelling Rules and Words often Miss pelt
• Word Pairs (Minimal pairs)
• Grammar: The Sequence of Tenses
Module – V
Speaking Skills (Grammar and Vocabulary) -II
• Extempore/Public Speaking, Difference between Extempore/Public
Speaking, and Guidelines for Practice.
• Mother Tongues Influence (MTI) South Indian Speakers,
• Various Techniques for Neutralization of Mother Tongue Influence
• Listening Comprehension
• Information Transfer : Oral Presentation
FUNDAMENTALS OF COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION ?
COMMUNICATION IS IMPORTANT. WHY ?
• The present era is also known as the “Age of Communication and
information”
Man is, by nature, an animal.
Man is, by nature, a social animal.
Man is a social and Political animal.
Man is a social, political and rational animal. Aristotle.
• Success in the highly competitive environment of today will depend
not just on your professional knowledge and skills but on the ability
to analyze, organize and present essential information effectively.
ETYMOLOY
• The word ‘communication’ is originated from the Latin word Communico
or communicare, which means ‘to share’, impart, or to commune’ .
• Literal meaning is ‘giving or sharing information’
• ‘Communication essentially means the transfer of ideas, feelings, plans,
messages or information from one person to another ‘
• Communication is an exchange of meaning and understanding. Meaning is
central to communication, and transmission of meaning is the central
objective of communication.
• Communication is an interactive process. There are two agents involved in
the process : the sender (S) and the receiver (R)
DEFINITIONS COMMUNICATION
• ‘Communication is any behavior that result in an exchange of meaning’
American Management Association
* Effective Communication is purposive symbolic interchange resulting in workable understanding
and agreement between the sender and the receiver.
George T Vardaman
* “Communication serves as the lubricant, posturing for the smooth operations of the management
(institutional) process” George R Terry
•We can define Communication as a multidimensional interactive process of sharing common sets
of sings, symbols and language from one person to another so that a suitable response results.
•Communication essentially means the transfer of ideas, feelings, plans, messages, or information
from one person to another.
•However communication is considered effective only when it gets the desired action or response.
•The most important management (institutional) problem at the present society faces is
‘miscommunication’ or communication gap.
PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
Converts Message
Receiver
Sender ideas into travels Receiver
decodes
has idea words or over responds
message
questions channel
A
B
C
D
E
The centralized communication is always centralized with a leader, who directs the
flow of communication. As it is shown in the picture ’A’ is the leader from whom
the communication flows down in the hierarchy. In such network, communication
channel can be both, upward and downward. This means ‘E can give some
information to ‘C’ through ‘D’. However, it is only the leader, ‘A’ decides what
messages should be passed and how.
DECENTRALISED COMMUNICATION
• Unlike the centralized communication, every body is a leader and can
communicate freely with other members of the group.
A
E B
C
BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
• As communication is a complex process, it is desirable to take care of
communication interference and the barriers in communication that
may hamper the smooth flow of effective communication. These
barriers may emanate from either the sender/receiver or the
circumstances of communication. However, we need to avoid them to
become effective communicators. Communication barriers arise
during the communication process and may confuse the listener or
leader create misunderstanding and confusion and may sometime
lead to communication breakdown.
BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION
• There are several factors which commonly found barriers to communication in
organization or in general.
A. Improper encoding
B. Bypassing
C. Frame of reference
D. Physical distractions
E. Psychological and emotional barriers
F. Cultural differences
G. Perceptual barriers
H. Listening barriers
I. Language barriers
A. IMPROPER ENCODING
• Improper encoding is a recurrent barrier in the process of
communication. Since there is a lack of understanding on the part of
the receiver, it leads to confusion and misunderstanding. Messages
should be presented in a linguistic code familiar to one’s audience. If
the audience is not able to follow the language/dialect, a
communication breakdown will definitely occur. In addition to that
selection of an inappropriate medium or linguistic form also leads to
communication breakdown due to misunderstanding or confusion.
B. BYBASSING
The term Bypassing’ refer to misunderstanding resulting from missed
meanings because of the use of abstract words and phrases on which both
senders and receivers do not agree. Words mean different things to different
people. Age , education and cultural background are three of the more
obvious variables that influence the language a person uses. In order to
avoid bypassing, you should use familiar word with concrete meanings so
that there is no scope for confusion.
For instance, an Indian asked to his Arab colleague why he was a bachelor at
the age of forty. The Arab replied innocently, “because of dowry…”. The
Indian responded immediately said, “you should not have been so greedy.”
The Arab was upset and confused because he could not understand why his
Indian friend considered him greedy. There was a communications
breakdown.
“Dowry’ for an Indian is the money that the groom takes from the family of
the bride while “dowry” for an Arab is the amount of ‘mehar’ that the groom
has to pay to the father of the bride.
C. FRAME OF REFERENCE
• Your weakness in view in others within our frame of reference may
also leads confusion and misunderstanding. The moment you
interpret others’ point of view from our angle, you allow your
preconceived notions and prejudices to start working for you. Your
frame of reference in individual to you as it is based on your
experiences exposure, education, personality, and several other
elements peculiar to you. In order to avoid communication failure.,
you have to sensitive to this fact and try to put yourself in to other
person's position.
D. PHYSICAL DISTRACTIONS.
Physical distractions can easily disrupt communication. For example,
you are trying to give an oral presentation in the classroom but the
room temperature is very high and there is no air-conditioner or fan in
the room. Your discomfort may cause communication failure because a
person who is physically uncomfortable can be neither a good speaker
nor a good listener. You should avoid any physical discomfort during
communication.
E. PSYCHOLOGICL AND EMOTHIONL ITERFERENCE
• Any psychological or emotional turbulence or disturbance can prove
to be a barrier to effective communication because it leads to lack of
interest and concentration. Feelings of sadness, fear, anger anxiety, or
jubilation influence our reception and receptivity to others’ idea.
Communication is a purposeful activity based on rationality and
reason and one must assure that one is not emotionally charged
before one takes part in a communicative interaction. One may find it
difficult to concentrate the content of the message if one is
emotionally charged. Over arousal of emotions may adversely affect
both encoding and decoding .
• Whether you are a sender or a receiver, it is necessary that you try to
focus on the content of the message.
F. INTER CULTURAL INTERACTIONS
• It is the receiver who assigns meaning to message cues and meanings
are assigned in terms of receiver's frame of reference. This
interpretation of meaning can create misunderstandings during
intercultural communication because the sender and the receiver
belong to different cultures and share different values. In fact, out
values re our personal guides thought and behavior, and exert a
strong influence on us. We should be sensitive to cultural differences
and take into account the values of our listeners/readers while
communicating with them
G. PERCEPTUAL BARRIERS
Different people have different perceptions about the same reality.
For instance, one room could be big for one teacher but the same
room could be small for another as she/he has more number of
students to teach. This kind of difference in the perception leads to
miscommunication .
H. LISTENING BARRIERS
• Poor listening often results in incomplete, incorrect, and inconsistent
responses. Sometimes people do not listen to others properly and
patiently because rather than listening to others’ views, they may just
be waiting anxiously for the speaker to keep quiet so that they may
articulate their own views.
I. LANGUAGE BARRIERS
• Language is a vehicle to effective communication and when two
communicators do not share the same language, they encounter
difficulty in understanding each other. This problem further
aggravates when the second language learners do not use the
language with accuracy in a given context. For instance, what is called
sidewalk in the US, in Britain is called pavement, whereas in India, it is
called platform. Similarly, it is apartment in the US, flat in Britain, and
house in India.
Thank you