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AS
CHEMISTRY
Paper 1 Inorganic and Physical Chemistry

Monday 18 May 2020 Morning Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes

Materials
For this paper you must have: For Examiner’s Use
the Periodic Table/Data Sheet, provided as an insert (enclosed)
Question Mark
a ruler with millimetre measurements
a scientific calculator, which you are expected to use where appropriate. 1
2
Instructions 3
Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
4
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.
Answer all questions. 5
You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside 6
the box around each page or on blank pages.
7
If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of
this book. Write the question number against your answer(s). 8
All working must be shown. Section B
Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not
TOTAL
want to be marked.

Information
The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
The maximum mark for this paper is 80.

Advice
You are advised to spend about 65 minutes on Section A and 25 minutes on Section B.

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Section A box

Answer all questions in this section.

0 1 This question is about atomic structure.

0 1 . 1 There is a general trend for an increase in ionisation energy across Period 3.

Give one example of an element that deviates from this trend.

Explain why this deviation occurs.

[3 marks]

Element

Explanation

0 1 . 2 Give an equation, including state symbols, to represent the process that occurs when
the third ionisation energy of sodium is measured.
[1 mark]

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0 1 . 3 Figure 1 shows the successive ionisation energies of a Period 3 element, X. box

Figure 1

Identify element X.
Explain your choice.
[3 marks]

Element

Explanation

Turn over for the next question

Turn over

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0 2 This question is about a titration. box

A student dissolves an unknown mass of sodium hydroxide in water to make

200 cm3 of an aqueous solution.

A 25.0 cm3 sample of this sodium hydroxide solution is placed in a conical flask and is
titrated with 0.150 mol dm–3 sulfuric acid.

The equation for this reaction is shown.

2 NaOH(aq) + H2SO4 2SO4(aq) + 2 H2O(l)

Table 1 shows the results of the titrations.

Table 1

Titration Rough 1 2 3

Final reading / cm3 20.75 40.35 21.05 40.60

Initial reading / cm3 0.00 20.75 1.20 21.05

Titre / cm3 20.75 19.60 19.85 19.55

0 2 . 1 Calculate the mass of sodium hydroxide used to make the original solution.
[5 marks]

Mass of sodium hydroxide g

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0 2 . 2 The student uses a funnel to fill the burette with sulfuric acid before starting the box

titration. After filling, the student forgets to remove the funnel from the top of the
burette.

Suggest why this might affect the titre volume recorded.

[1 mark]

0 2 . 3 State one advantage of using a conical flask rather than a beaker for the titration.
[1 mark]

Turn over for the next question

Turn over

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0 3 This question is about time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometry. box

0 3 . 1 Define the term relative atomic mass.

[2 marks]

0 3 . 2 A sample of krypton is ionised using electron impact.

The mass spectrum of this sample of krypton has four peaks.

Table 2 shows data from this spectrum.

Table 2

m/z 82 83 84 86

Relative intensity 6 1 28 8

Calculate the relative atomic mass (Ar) of this sample of krypton.

Give your answer to 1 decimal place.

[2 marks]

Ar

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0 3 . 3 In a TOF mass spectrometer, ions are accelerated to the same kinetic energy (KE). box

1
The kinetic energy of an ion is given by the equation KE = mv 2
2

Where:
KE = kinetic energy / J
m = mass / kg
v = speed / m s–1

In a TOF mass spectrometer, each 84Kr+ ion is accelerated to a

kinetic energy of 4.83 × 10 16 J and the time of flight is 1.72 × 10 5 s

Calculate the length, in metres, of the TOF flight tube.

The Avogadro constant, L = 6.022 × 1023 mol 1

[4 marks]

Length of flight tube m 8

Turn over for the next question

Turn over

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0 4 This question is about enthalpy changes. box

0 4 . 1 State the meaning of the term enthalpy change as applied to a chemical reaction.
[1 mark]

0 4 . 2 A student determines the enthalpy change for the reaction between

calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid.

CaCO3(s) + 2 HCl l2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

The student follows this method:

measure out 50 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm–3 aqueous hydrochloric acid using a measuring
cylinder and pour the acid into a 100 cm3 glass beaker
weigh out 2.50 g of solid calcium carbonate on a watch glass and tip the solid into
the acid
stir the mixture with a thermometer
record the maximum temperature reached.

The student uses the data to determine a value for the enthalpy change.

Explain how the experimental method and use of apparatus can be improved to
provide more accurate data.

Describe how this data from the improved method can be used to determine an
accurate value for the temperature change.
[6 marks]

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Question 4 continues on the next page

Turn over

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0 4 . 3 In a different experiment 50.0 cm3 of 0.500 mol dm–3 aqueous hydrochloric acid are box

reacted with 50.0 cm3 of 0.500 mol dm–3 aqueous sodium hydroxide.

NaOH(aq) + HCl l(aq) + H2O(l) H = –57.1 kJ mol–1

The initial temperature of each solution is 18.5 °C

Calculate the maximum final temperature of the reaction mixture.

Assume that the specific heat capacity of the reaction mixture, c = 4.18 J K–1 g–1

Assume that the density of the reaction mixture = 1.00 g cm–3

[5 marks]

Final temperature °C

0 4 . 4 Suggest how, without changing the apparatus, the experiment in Question 04.3 could
be improved to reduce the percentage uncertainty in the temperature change.
[1 mark]

13

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0 5 This question is about Group 2 elements and their compounds. box

0 5 . 1 Explain why the melting point of magnesium is higher than the melting point of
sodium.
[2 marks]

0 5 . 2 Give an equation to show how magnesium is used as the reducing agent in the
extraction of titanium.

Explain, in terms of oxidation states, why magnesium is the reducing agent.

[2 marks]
Equation

Explanation

Question 5 continues on the next page

Turn over

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0 5 . 3 State what is observed when dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide is added to separate box

solutions of magnesium chloride and barium chloride.

[2 marks]

Observation with magnesium chloride

Observation with barium chloride 6

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0 6 This question is about shapes of molecules and ions. box

Draw the shape of NCl3 and of NCl4+

Include any lone pairs of electrons that influence the shape.

Name the shape of NCl3

State and explain the bond angle in NCl4+

[5 marks]

Shape of NCl3 Shape of NCl4+

Name of shape of NCl3

Bond angle in NCl4+

Explanation of bond angle in NCl4+

Turn over for the next question

Turn over

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0 7 This question is about Group 7 elements and their compounds. box

0 7 . 1 Chlorine is used to treat water even though it is toxic to humans.

Give one reason why water is treated with chlorine.

Explain why chlorine is added to water even though it is toxic.

Give an equation for the reaction of chlorine with cold water.

[3 marks]

Reason

Explanation

Equation

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0 7 . 2 Solid sodium iodide reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid to form iodine and sulfur in box

a redox reaction.

Give a half-equation to show the conversion of iodide ions to iodine.

Give a half-equation to show the conversion of sulfuric acid to sulfur.

Give an overall equation for this redox reaction.

Identify one other sulfur-containing reduction product formed when solid sodium iodide
reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid.
[4 marks]

Half-equation for the conversion of iodide ions to iodine

Half-equation for the conversion of sulfuric acid to sulfur

Overall equation

Other sulfur-containing reduction product

Question 7 continues on the next page

Turn over

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A student completes an experiment to determine the percentage by mass of
sodium chloride in a mixture of sodium chloride and sodium iodide.

The student uses this method.

600 mg of the mixture are dissolved in water to form a solution.

An excess of aqueous silver nitrate is added to the solution. This forms a
precipitate containing silver chloride and silver iodide.
Excess dilute ammonia solution is then added to the precipitate. The silver chloride
dissolves.
The silver iodide is filtered off from the solution, and is then washed and dried.

The mass of the silver iodide obtained is 315 mg

0 7 . 3 Silver nitrate is added to the solution.

Suggest why an excess is used.

[1 mark]

0 7 . 4 Calculate the amount, in moles, of silver iodide obtained.

Mr (AgI) = 234.8
[1 mark]

Amount of silver iodide mol

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0 7 . 5 Calculate, using your answer to Question 07.4, the mass, in grams, of sodium iodide box

in the mixture.

Mr (NaI) = 149.9
[1 mark]

Mass of sodium iodide g

0 7 . 6 Calculate, using your answer to Question 07.5, the percentage by mass of

sodium chloride in the mixture.
[2 marks]

Percentage of sodium chloride 12

Turn over for the next question

Turn over

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0 8 This question is about a volatile liquid, A. box

0 8 . 1 A student does an experiment to determine the relative molecular mass (Mr) of

liquid A using the apparatus shown in Figure 2.

The student injects a sample of A into a gas syringe in an oven.

At the temperature of the oven, liquid A vaporises.

Figure 2

Table 3 shows the student’s results.

Table 3

Mass of fine needle syringe and contents before injecting 11.295 g

Mass of fine needle syringe and contents after injecting 10.835 g

Volume reading on gas syringe before injecting 0.0 cm3

Volume reading on gas syringe after injecting 178.0 cm3

Pressure of gas in syringe 100 kPa

Temperature of oven 120 °C

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Calculate the Mr of A. box

Give your answer to 3 significant figures.

The gas constant, R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1

[4 marks]

Mr

0 8 . 2 The student noticed that some of the liquid injected into the gas syringe
did not vaporise.

Explain the effect that this has on the Mr calculated by the student.
[2 marks]

Question 8 continues on the next page

Turn over

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Table 3 is repeated here. box

Table 3

Mass of fine needle syringe and contents before injecting 11.295 g

Mass of fine needle syringe and contents after injecting 10.835 g

Volume reading on gas syringe before injecting 0.0 cm3

Volume reading on gas syringe after injecting 178.0 cm3

Pressure of gas in syringe 100 kPa

Temperature of oven 120 °C

0 8 . 3 Each reading on the balance used to record the mass of the fine needle syringe and
contents had an uncertainty of ±0.001 g

Calculate the percentage uncertainty in the mass of liquid A injected in this

experiment.
[1 mark]

Percentage uncertainty 7

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Section B box

Answer all questions in this section.

Only one answer per question is allowed.

For each answer completely fill in the circle alongside the appropriate answer.

CORRECT METHOD WRONG METHODS

If you want to change your answer you must cross out your original answer as shown.

If you wish to return to an answer previously crossed out, ring the answer you now wish to select
as shown.

You may do your working in the blank space around each question but this will not be marked.
Do not use additional sheets for this working.

0 9 Which atom has the smallest number of neutrons?

[1 mark]

A 3H

B 4He

C 5He

D 4Li

1 0 Which species contains bonds that have different polarities?

[1 mark]

A NH4+

B CCl4

C CH3Cl

D H3O+

Turn over

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1 1 Which compound has hydrogen bonding? box

[1 mark]

A NaH

B NH3

C HI

D SiH4

1 2 Which reaction has an enthalpy change equal to the standard enthalpy of formation of
lithium fluoride?
[1 mark]

1
A Li(g) + F2
2

B Li+(g) + F–

C Li+(aq) + F–(aq
1
D Li(s) + F2
2

1 3 NO2 ions can be reduced in acidic solution to NO

How many electrons are gained when each NO2 ion is reduced?
[1 mark]

A 1

B 2

C 3

D 4

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1 4 Which is the electron configuration of an atom with only two unpaired electrons? box

[1 mark]

A 1s2 2s2 2p3

B 1s2 2s2 2p4

C 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5

D 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d5

1 5 Which represents the correct order of increasing radius of the ions?

[1 mark]

A F– O2– Li+ Be2+

B Li+ Be2+ O2– F–

C Be2+ Li+ F– O2–

D O2– F– Li+ Be2+

1 6 Which compound contains a co-ordinate bond?

[1 mark]

A HF

B NH3

C CHCl3

D NH4Cl

Turn over

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1 7 Which property increases down Group 7? box

[1 mark]

A ability to oxidise a given reducing agent

B boiling point

C electronegativity

D first ionisation energy

1 8 Which of these elements has the highest melting point?

[1 mark]

A Argon

B Chlorine

C Silicon

D Sulfur

1 9 Which statement is not always correct for a reaction at equilibrium?

reactants products
[1 mark]

A The concentrations of the reactants and products are equal.

B The equilibrium can be achieved starting from the reactants.

C The equilibrium can be achieved starting from the products.

D The rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the

reverse reaction.

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2 0 Two reactions of iron with oxygen are shown. box

1
Fe(s) + O2(g) FeO(s) H = – 272 kJ mol–1
2
3
2 Fe(s) + O2(g) Fe2O3(s) H = – 822 kJ mol–1
2

What is the enthalpy change, in kJ mol–1, for this reaction?

1
2 FeO(s) + O2(g) Fe2O3(s)
2
[1 mark]

A +550

B –278

C –1094

D –1372

2 1 Which compound contains chlorine in an oxidation state of +1?

[1 mark]

A Cl2O

B KClO3

C ClF3

D CCl4

Turn over for the next question

Turn over

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2 2 Which equation shows a redox reaction that does not occur? box

[1 mark]

A Br2(aq) + 2 KI(aq) I2(aq) + 2 KBr(aq)

B Cl2(g) + 2 KI(aq) I2(aq) + 2 KCl(aq)

C Cl2(g) + 2 KBr(aq) Br2(aq) + 2 KCl(aq)

D I2(aq) + 2 KBr(aq) Br2(aq) + 2 KI(aq)

2 3 Which molecule has a permanent dipole?

[1 mark]

A CF4

B PCl5

C CO2

D Cl2O 15

END OF QUESTIONS

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Question Additional page, if required.
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Question Additional page, if required.
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Question Additional page, if required.
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