Catalino, Jessica Mae EEd1a

SPANISH OCCUPATION

Spanish occupation begins with the arrival in 1521 of European

explorer Ferdinand Magellan sailing for Spain, which heralded the
period when the Philippines was a colony of the Spanish empire
and ends with the outbreak of the Spanish- American war in 1998
which marked the beginning of the American colonial of the
Philippine History.

1600s- 1800s The Philippine is under Spanish Rule

The Spanish colonial period in the Philippines was the

period during which the Philippines were part of
the Spanish Empire as the Captaincy General of
the Philippines from 1565 to 1898. The islands were part of
the larger Spanish East Indies.
The Spanish accomplished little in the Philippines.
The Philippines was administered by the Vice royalty of
New Spain in present-day Mexico but in many ways
the Philippines was ruled by Catholic church. Most Filipinos
had little contact with the Spanish other than through the
church.
1560- 1820 Challenges to Spanish Authority
Spanish colonial government was greatly challenged by it’s
rivals, the Portuguese and revolts by the Filipinos in Luzon,
Visayas, and Mindanao. Which leads to ruin of old Spanish
 forts, a moro watch tower along the coast, statues of
Spanish conquistadores and missionaries and occasionally,
images of Filipino heroes like Lapu- Lapu, Rajah Sulayman,
Sultan Kudarat, mark many Philippine.

Lapu- Lapu Rajah Sulayman Sultan Kudarat

Mid 1700s- The Beginning of Filipino Nationalism

1900s
Philippines history and timeline

Early times
Archaeological evidence suggests that the Negritos, a broad
term for indigenous people of dark complexions, reached the
Philippines around 25,000 years ago by a land bridge from
the Asian mainland. Waves of Indonesians followed by sea
from 3,000 BC, and Malays got a firm foothold around 200
BC, followed in later centuries by waves of Chinese settlers.
Most of today’s Filipinos have grown out of intermarriages
between indigenous and Malay people. Modern Filipino
culture, including language and cuisine, was heavily
influenced by the Malays, who also introduced arts,
literature, and a system of government.
A few centuries before the Spanish reached the Philippines
 in the 16th century, Filipinos involved in trade had also met
Arabs and Hindus from India, while the expanding Chinese
population wielded considerable commercial power. Islam
entered the Philippines via Borneo in the late 14th century.

The Arrival of the Spanish

The Philippines' recorded history began half a world away in

a small, dusty town in southwestern Spain. The Treaty of
Tordesillas was inked in 1494, dividing between Spain and
Portugal the yet-unexplored world. Everything to the east of
a line 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands in the
Atlantic belonged to Portugal and everything west was
Spain’s.

The Portuguese set off to navigate Africa’s Cape of Good

Hope in search of the riches of the Spice Islands, while the
Spanish headed across the vast Pacific. The captain of
Spain’s search was a Portuguese who had taken up the flag
of Castile and the Spanish name Hernando de Magallanes;
to the English-speaking world, he is Ferdinand Magellan.

Jose Rizal

No self respecting town in the country is without a statue of

the man, or does not have a major street named after him.
Reverence for thinker Dr Jose Rizal, who died a martyr at
age 35 in the last years of Spanish rule, has spanned a
century and spread to foreign lands.
Born on June 19, 1861, in the town of Calamba in Laguna
Province, Rizal was to live a short but eventful life till 1896.
He had initially studied ophthalmology to cure his mother’s
eye condition; he was also a physician, naturalist, botanist,
engineer, linguist, sculptor, musician, composer, poet,
dramatist, novelist, reformist, thinker, and writer.
1882-1892 The campaign reforms
The reform movement also called “The Propaganda
Movement” , began in 1882. It lasted up to the early months
of 1892, when the important Filipino reformists return to the
Philippines, like Rizal, who founded the LA Liga Filipina.
Assimilation of the Philippines would allow the Indios to be
finally called “Filipinos”.
1892- 1896 Bonifacio and Katipunan
The failure of the reform movements led even a reformist
like Marcelo H. Del Pilar to think of Revolution.
“Insurrection”, wrote in La Solidaridad, “is the last
remedy,especially when the people have acquired the belief
that peaceful means to secure the remedies for evils prove
futile.” Andres Bonifacio saw the futility of continuing the
peaceful campaign for reforms. Thus, he established and
organized the Katipunan- the revolutionary society whose
aims were opposed to the aims of the reformist societies,
and was responsible for the Philippine Revolution of 1986.

JAPANESE OCCUPATION

1938
Septemb World War II broke out as result of Adolf Hitler’s lightning
er 1 attack of Poland. As a results of this incident, Britain and
France were forced to declare war against Germany.
1941
December 7 Japan attacked American Naval base in Pearl Harbor in
Hawaii, With out a formal declaration of war.

December 8 The invasion of the Japanese in the Philippines of started 10

hours after the surprise attack Pearl Harbor. The Japanese
began bombing Davao, Tuguegarao, Zambales, Pampanga
and Tarlac.

December Germany and Italy declared war against the United States.
11
December General Masaharu Homma, the Commander-in-Chief of the
22 Japanese Imperial Forces in the Philippines, landed 43,000
Japanese troops at the Lingayen Gulf and starting marching
south toward Manila .
December Manila was declared an open city by US general Douglas
23 MacArthur during the Japanese invasion of the Philippines.
The Imperial Japanese Army ignored the declaration and
bombed the city.

1942
JANUARY 2  The Japanese occupied Manila.

JANUARY 3 General Homma, the commander of the Japanese Imperial

Forces in the Philippines, announced the ending of
American Sovereignty in the country and the beginning of
Martial Law.
JANUARY 29 The Council State was formed because General Homma
appointed Jorge Vargas.
FEBRUARY The Japanese propagated their Greater East-Asia Co-
17 Prosperity Sphere with education and labor
MARCH 11 Roosevelt appointed MacArthur army commander in the
Pacific but he proceeded to Australia famously telling reports
there, “I shall return.”
March 29 The Communists and Socialists organized the People’s Anti-
 Japanese Army (HUKBALAHAP), which had 30,000 guerilla
fighters led by Luis Taruc and Casto Alejandrino with
thousands of supporters north of Manila
APRIL 9 United States and Filipino defendants in Bataan surrendered
to Japanese - Death March began on which 7,000–10,000
died or were murdered. • MAY 2 - Chief Justice Jose Abad
Santos, who was captured in Cebu, was executed by the
Japanese in Malabang, Lanao.
May 5-6  The Battle of Corregidor was the culmination of the
Japanese campaign for the conquest of the Commonwealth
of the Philippines during World War II, resulting in Japanese
victory.

1943
SEPTEMBER The proposed Constitution was signed by the members of
4 the Commission.

SEPTEMBER The approved charter was ratified by the members of the

7 KALIBAPI. (Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod Sa Bagong Pilipinas.
SEPTEMBER Jose Protacio Garcia Laurel was elected President of the
23 Philippine Republic, while Benigno S. Aquino was elected
Speaker of the National Assembly.
OCTOBER 14 The Second Philippine Republic or the Japanese-sponsored
Republic was inaugurated.
 1944
JUNE 19 The American forces moved step by step across the Pacific
 Ocean and began the Battle of the Philppine Sea by
invading Guam.

August 1 President Manuel L. Quezon died in Saranac Lake, New

York and succeeded immediately by Sergio Osmeña.
September 21 Planes from United States carriers attacked Manila.

October 20  Americans landed on the beaches of Leyte. General

MacArthur threatened to send high commissioner back
home, and Roosevelt let the arrogant General have his way
to Philippines.
October 23 MacArthur formally proclaimed the restoration of the
Commonwealth Government at Tacloban.
October 23-26 The Battle of Leyte Gulf has been called the greatest naval
battle in history.

December 8 The Makabayang Katipunan ng mga Pilipino (MAKAPILI)

was essentially a politico-military organization formed by the
Japanese High Command.
1945
JANUARY 9 The Americans took Lingayen Gulf by surprise. Kamikaze
pilots dove their planes into US ships in the Lingayen Gulf,
destroying 24 ships and damaging 70.

July 4 MacArthur proclaimed that the Philippines had been

liberated from the Japanese.
August 6 Hiroshima was bombed.

August 9 Another bomb was dropped at Nagasaki.

AUGUST 14 – The Japanese Empire surrendered.