Physics Cl10 Assign16

DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, DURGAPUR
SESSION: 2020-21
ASSIGNMENT - 16
SUB: PHYSICS CLASS: X WEEK: 17TH
TOPIC: ELECTRICITY
SUB-TOPIC: (i) Electric current,
(ii) Potential, potential difference
(iii) Ohm’s law,
(iv) Resistance and resistor
Electric current
Electric current is the amount of charge flowing through a particular area in unit time. OR, The rate of flow of
electric charges [electrons] is called electric current.
If a net charge Q, flows across any cross-section of a conductor in time t, The current I = Q/t
The SI unit of electric charge is coulomb (C), which is equivalent to the charge contained in nearly 6×1018
electrons and Charge on 1 electron = - 1.6 × 10–19 C.
The electric current is expressed by a SI unit A [ampere]
1A = 1C/1sec
Hence, When one coulomb of charge flows through a conductor for 1 second then current flowing through it is
called One ampere. An instrument called ammeter is used to measures electric current in a circuit. The electric
current flows in the circuit from the positive terminal of the cell to the negative.
Electric potential and potential difference
The work done to move a unit charge from infinity to a given point is called Electric potential or potential at a
point. Hence, potential can be measured in term of the work done in moving charge against the force of repulsion
It is a scalar quantity. Electric potential difference between two points in an electric circuit is the work done to
move a unit charge from one point to the other.
If W work done in bringing unit charge q from one point to the other.
Then Electric potential difference (V) = W/q = 1Joule /1 coulomb= J/C
The SI unit of electric potential difference is volt (V). The potential difference is measured by means of an
instrument called the voltmeter.
Ohm’s law of electricity
Ohm’s Law states that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference
applied across its ends, provided the temperature and other physical conditions remain unchanged.
Temperature remaining the same for a metallic wire,
I ∝V
Or, V = IR
R is a constant for the given metallic wire at a given temperature and is called its resistance.
Resistance and resistor
The property of a conductor to resist the flow of charges through it is called resistance.
Since, V = IR
Or, R = V/I
If the potential difference across the two ends of a conductor is 1 V and the current through it is 1 A, then the
resistance R, of the conductor is said to be 1 Ω.
1 Ω [ohm] = 1 volt /1 ampere
A conductor having some appreciable resistance is called a resistor. A component used to regulate current without
changing the voltage source is called variable resistance. A device that is often used to change the resistance In an
electric circuit is called rheostat.
Very short Answer type questions:
Q1. What is the source of electric charge?
Ans. the cells or a battery
Q2. The torch gives light only when its switch is on. What does a switch do?
Ans. A switch makes a conducting link between the cell and the bulb.
Q3. Why is an ammeter always connected in series in a circuit?
Ans. Ammeter is always connected in series in a circuit so that the value of the current in the ammeter remains
same independent of its position in the electric circuit.
Q4. Why is the voltmeter always connected in parallel across the points between which the potential difference
is to be measured?
Ans. A voltmeter has a high resistance so when it is connected in parallel consume a negligible current from the
circuit.
Q5. Name a device that helps to maintain a potential difference across a conductor.
Ans. Cell or battery
Short Answer type questions:
Q6. Calculate the number of electrons constituting one coulomb of charge.
Ans. Charge (Q) = no. of electrons (n) x charge on one electron (e)
1 coulomb = n x (1.66 x 10-19)
n = 1/1.66 x 10-19 = 6.25x1018 =6 x1018
Q7. A current of 0.5 A is drawn by a filament of an electric bulb for 10 minutes. Find the amount of electric
charge that flows through the circuit.
Ans. We are given, I = 0.5 A; t = 10 min = 600 s.
We have I = Q/t
Or, Q = It
= 0.5 A × 600 s
= 300 C
Q8. Define 1Volt? OR, What is meant by saying that the potential difference between two points is 1 V?
Ans. When 1 joule of work is done to move a charge of 1 coulomb from one point to the other it is said to be
1V potential difference.
Q9. How much work is done in moving a charge of 2 C across two points having a potential difference 12 V?
Ans. V = w/Q
W = V x Q = 12 V x 2 C = 24J
Q10. The potential difference between the terminals of an electric heater is 60 V when it draws a current of 4 A
from the source. What current will the heater draw if the potential difference is increased to 120 V?
Ans. Resistance between the terminals of an electric heater R = V/ I = 60/4 = 15 Ω
Amount of current flow through heater if the potential difference is increased to 120 V = I = V/R = 120/15
= 8A
Hence, the current through the heater becomes two times i.e. 8 A.
Q11. Let the resistance of an electrical component remains constant while the potential difference across the
two ends of the component decreases to half of its former value. What change will occur in the current
through it?
Ans. By Ohm‟s law: I ∝ 1/V
Or, I = R x1/V
if R remains constant I1 = Rx1/V
and, I2 = Rx1/(V/2)
= 2R x (1/V)
= 2 I1
Current increases two times its former value.
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